中、碱性土壤条件下黄腐酸与磷肥配施对番茄生育和磷素利用率的影响

CAO Z

, ZHOU J

. China Soil Quality Beijing: Science Press, 2008: 3090. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[2]

张子璐, 刘峰, 侯庭钰. 我国稻田氮磷流失现状及影响因素研究进展
应用生态学报, 2019,30(10):3292-3302.

DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201910.029 URLPMID:31621215 [本文引用: 2]

Rice is one of the main crops in China. Therefore, it is important to understand the current status and influencing factors of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from paddy fields in China, which would facilitate assessing the potential of chemical fertilizer reduction in different rice cultivating regions. We summarized the current knowledge on nitrogen and phosphorus losses from surface runoff in major rice cultivating areas in China, as well as their influencing factors, such as rainfall, planting pattern, cultivation techniques, fertilization management, water management strategies, etc. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) losses from runoff in six major rice cropping areas ranged from 5.09 to 21.32 and 0.70 to 3.22 kg.hm(-2), respectively. The highest losses of TN and TP were the South China double rice cropping area. The TN runoff losses were the lowest in the North China single rice cropping area, while the lowest TP runoff losses occurred in plateau single and double rice cropping area of the Southwest China. The peaks of TN and TP in surface water of paddy fields were generally higher than those of the runoff water based on farmers' conventional fertilization in different rice cropping areas. The peak period of nitrogen and phosphorus losses was in a week after rice fertilization. There could be a potential of 20% reduction of nitrogen and phospho-rus for farmers' conventional fertilization compared with the optimized fertilization. Among all the factors, rainfall and fertilization management were the main ones affecting the runoff losses of nitrogen and phosphorus in paddy fields. Fertilization management and water management strategies were the mostly controllable, including reduction of fertilizers, application of new fertilizers, replacement of chemical fertilizers by organic fertilizers, water-saving irrigation, etc. Overall, the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus losses in paddy fields was more prominent in the Southern China than in any other areas of China. Rice cultivation should be carried out in a more resource-efficient way to reduce nutrient loss. Future research should focus on non-point source pollution monitoring of paddy fields, nitrogen and phosphorus losses risk assessment, nitrogen and phosphorus losses characteristics and mechanisms, and new technologies for reducing chemical fertilization inputs and environmental risks.

ZHANG Z

, LIU

, HOU T

. Current status of nitrogen and phosphorus losses and related factors in Chinese paddy fields: A review
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019,30(10):3292-3302. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201910.029 URLPMID:31621215 [本文引用: 2]

GONG

, WEN

, BLOSZIES

, LI

, WEI

, YANG F

, SHI Q

, WANG X

. Comparative effects of NaCl and NaHCO₃ stresses on respiratory metabolism, antioxidant system, nutritional status, and organic acid metabolism in tomato roots
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 2014,36(8):2167-2181.

DOI:10.1007/s11738-014-1593-x URL [本文引用: 2]

Physiological responses of tomato roots to NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses were investigated in a hydroponic setting. The relative growth rate of tomato plants was significantly reduced in both NaCl and NaHCO3 treatments, especially under NaHCO3 stress. Tomato root respiration increased under low concentrations of NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses. However, high concentrations of both NaCl and NaHCO3 significantly inhibited respiration, especially in the NaHCO3 treatment. With increasing concentration of NaCl and NaHCO3 treatment, root Na accumulation increased, while accumulation of N, P, K, Fe, and Mg was significantly lower. Compared to NaCl, NaHCO3 treatment resulted in more dramatic changes in these nutrients. All organic acids investigated were increased by NaHCO3 after 5 days of treatment, but only oxalate, tartrate and malate were induced by NaCl. This implies that global regulation of organic acids might play an important role in tomato's alkali stress tolerance. Compared to NaCl treatments, NaHCO3 treatments induced much higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation after 5 days of treatment, which was accompanied by higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and higher concentrations of ascorbate-glutathione. However, after 10 days of treatment, 100 mM NaHCO3 stress led to lower accumulation of ROS, antioxidant enzyme activities, and ascorbate-glutathione content. This may have been because root metabolism had almost completely stopped, as indicated by lower root respiration and activity.

[4]

KUMAR

, SHAHBAZ

, KOIRALA

, BLAGODATSKAYA

, SEIDEL S

, KUZYAKOV

, PAUSCH

. Root trait plasticity and plant nutrient acquisition in phosphorus limited soil
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 2019,182(6):1-8.

DOI:10.1002/jpln.v182.1 URL [本文引用: 2]

[5]

李文雪. 生物炭添加对盐碱土水气传导的影响
[D]. 烟台: 鲁东大学, 2018.

LI W

. Effect of biochar addition on water and air conduction in saline alkali soil
[D]. Yantai: Ludong University, 2018. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[6]

冯涛, 周国华, 池风龙, 王邦杰. 亚临界水解处理有机废弃物对天津滨海盐碱地的改良作用
湖北农业科学, 2019,58(10):74-77.

FENG

, ZHOU G

, CHI F

, WANG B

. Improvement of subcritical hydrolysis of organic waste on coastal saline alkali soil in Tianjin
Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2019,58(10):74-77. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[7]

李冬初, 王伯仁, 黄晶, 张杨珠, 徐明岗, 张淑香, 张会民. 长期不同施肥红壤磷素变化及其对产量的影响
中国农业科学, 2019,52(21):3830-3841.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.012 URL [本文引用: 1]

目的定量长期不同施肥红壤磷素的演变特征,研究红壤磷素变化对生产力的影响,为红壤地区磷素管理提供理论依据。方法利用持续26年的红壤旱地长期定位试验平台（1991—2016年）,比较长期不施磷肥（CK、N、NK）、施用化学磷肥（PK、NP、NPK）、化肥配合秸秆还田（NPKS）和化肥配施有机肥及有机肥（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）土壤Olsen-P和全磷含量变化,分析土壤磷素对磷盈亏量的响应,采用不同模型拟合作物产量对有效磷的响应曲线,计算土壤有效磷农学阈值。结果长期施用磷肥显著提高了土壤全磷和有效磷含量,提升了土壤磷素活化系数（PAC）。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）的PAC高于化肥配合秸秆还田（NPKS）和施用化学磷肥（PK、NP、NPK）。红壤地区土壤全磷和有效磷变化量与土壤磷盈亏量呈正相关关系（P<0.01）,土壤每累积盈余100 kg P·hm ^-2,土壤Olsen-P含量上升3.00—5.22 mg·kg ^-1,全磷上升0.02—0.06 g·kg ^-1。土壤每累积亏缺磷100 kg P·hm ^-2,不施磷肥处理（CK、N、NK）土壤Olsen-P分别下降1.85、0.40、1.76 mg·kg ^-1。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）的小麦和玉米产量显著高于化肥配合秸秆还田（NPKS）以及施用化学磷肥（PK、NP、NPK）,显著高于不施磷肥（CK、NK、N）。化肥配施有机肥及有机肥处理（1.5NPKM、NPKM、M）的产量可持续指数也高于其他处理。3种模型（线性-线性模型、线性-平台模型和米切里西方程）均能较好地拟合作物产量与红壤有效磷含量的响应关系（P<0.01）。在红壤地区推荐使用拟合度较好的线性-线性模型,其计算出小麦和玉米的土壤Olsen-P农学阈值分别为13.5和23.4 mg·kg ^-1。结论在南方红壤地区,化肥配施有机肥更有利于磷素累积和提升磷素有效性。化肥配施有机肥作物产量显著高于其他处理,且稳产性好。线性-线性模型可用于计算红壤地区有效磷的农学阈值。生产上应该根据土壤有效磷含量及其农学阈值调整磷肥施用量。

LI D

, WANG B

, HUANG

, ZHANG Y

, XU M

, ZHANG S

, ZHANG H

. Changes of phosphorus in red soil and its effect to grain yield under long-term different fertilizations
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019,52(21):3830-3841. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.012 URL [本文引用: 1]

孙运朋, 杨劲松, 姚荣江, 陈小兵. 生物炭和黄腐酸对滨海滩涂盐碱地土壤性质的提升
中国农业科技导报, 2019,21(8):115-121.

SUN Y

, YANG J

, YAO R

, CHEN X

. Effects of biochar and fulvic acid application on soil properties in tidal flat reclamation region
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2019,21(8):115-121. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[9]

唐晓乐, 李兆君, 马岩, 梁永超. 低温条件下黄腐酸和有机肥活化黑土磷素机制
植物营养与肥料学报, 2012,18(4):893-899.

DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2012.11380 URL [本文引用: 1]

为了评价长期施用化肥条件下黄土丘陵区坡耕地作物轮作系统的可持续性，本文基于三角形面积法，采样测定了长期施肥试验小区（17年）的土壤理化属性及作物产量，将所测定的18项指标划分并转化为土壤物理指数、养分指数和作物指数，并计算出可持续性指数（三角形面积）。结果表明: 1）与对照（N0P0）相比，长期施用化肥可以提高系统的可持续性，物理指数、养分指数、作物指数及可持续性指数平均增加19.3 %、19.6 %、200.6 % 和 139.6 %； 2）单施氮磷处理，可持续性指数随着施肥量的增加（N0P0→N1P0\N0P1→N2P0\N0P2）而增加，分别较对照（0.53）增加了17.7 %、84.7 %和76.8 %、88.9 %，但低于临界值（1.3）52.0 %、26.6 %和27.8 %、22.8 %，单施化肥处理的坡耕地作物轮作系统不可持续； 3）氮磷配施可持续性指数平均比临界值（1.3）高27.4 %，坡耕地作物轮作系统具有较好的可持续性。系统可持续顺序依次为N1P2 （1.98） > N2P1（1.74） > N2P2 （1.47） > N1P1（1.44）。处理N1P2（施N55.2 kg/hm2，P2O5 90 kg/hm2）是该研究区坡耕地可持续作物轮作系统的最优化肥施用模式。

TANG X

, LI Z

, MA

, LIANG Y

. Mechanism of fulvic acid-and organic manure-mediated phosphorus mobilization in black soil at low temperature
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2012,18(4):893-899. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2012.11380 URL [本文引用: 1]

李志坚, 林治安, 赵秉强, 袁亮, 李燕婷, 温延臣. 增值磷肥对潮土无机磷形态及其变化的影响
植物营养与肥料学报, 2013,19(5):1183-1191.

DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0518 URL [本文引用: 1]

在实验室条件下制备了海藻酸磷肥、腐植酸磷肥和氨基酸磷肥3种增值磷肥，利用室内土壤培养试验研究增值磷肥对潮土无机磷组分及其变化的影响。结果表明， 1）培养180 d后，普通磷肥（磷酸一铵,下同）和增值磷肥均显著提高了土壤速效磷含量，并降低了土壤pH；施用增值磷肥提高土壤速效磷的幅度为34.6～41.92 mg/kg，高于普通磷肥；施用增值磷肥降低土壤pH的幅度为0.23～0.36个单位,高于普通磷肥。2) 与普通磷肥相比，增值磷肥明显降低土壤对磷的固定，腐植酸、海藻酸和谷氨酸增值磷肥处理的固定率分别比普通磷肥降低7.32%、7.13%和11.99%。3）培养180 d后，与普通磷肥处理相比，增值磷肥均提高土壤Ca₂-P、 Ca₈-P 和 Al-P含量，减缓Al-P 向 Fe-P 的转化。

LI Z

, LIN Z

, ZHAO B

, YUAN

, LI Y

, WEN Y

. Effects of value-added phosphate fertilizers on transformation of inorganic phosphorus in calcareous soils
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2013,19(5):1183-1191. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0518 URL [本文引用: 1]

张丽丽, 刘德兴, 史庆华, 巩彪. 黄腐酸对番茄幼苗适应低磷胁迫的生理调控作用
中国农业科学, 2018,51(8):1547-1555.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.012 URL [本文引用: 4]

【Objective】Phosphorus is one of the key elements of plant growth and development. Phosphorus deficiency can seriously affect crop yield and quality. Fulvic acid, as a natural organic compound, can promote plant growth and improve plant stress resistance. In order to ascertain the physiological regulatory mechanisms of fulvic acid on stress tolerance of tomato seedlings against phosphate deficiency, we will execute this experiment to explain the mitigative mechanisms of “genetic phosphate deficiency” by fulvic acid in tomato seedlings. It has launched the experiment to study on physiological control of tomato seedlings adapting to low phosphorus stress by fulvic acid. 【Method】Tomato cultivar of ‘JinPeng No.1’ was used as the tested cultivar, and Hogland nutrient solution hydroponics was used in this experiment. When the tomato seedlings grew to three leaves, they were moved to the hydroponic basin for seven days. We studied the roles of applying different concentrations of exogenous fulvic acid (0, 0.04, 0.08, 0.12, 0.16, and 0.20 g·L^-1; T0-T5 ) on the growth of tomato seedlings, root development, ability of photosynthesis, uptake and distribution of phosphate, accumulation and secretion of organic acid, and so on under hydroponic environment of phosphate deficiency.【Result】With the increase of the amount of fulvic acid (T1-T5), the physiological indexes of tomato seedlings showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing under low-phosphorus stress. Application of fulvic acid to 0.08 g·L^-1 had a significant effect on increasing ratio of root to shoot; improving chlorophyll content, photosynthetic performance of leaves, enhancing phosphorus accumulation, distribution and transport in different tissues of tomato,phosphorus transporter-related gene's expression (PT1 and PHO1). PT1 can promote the roots of tomato seedlings to the environment in the uptake of phosphate alleviate low phosphorus stress and PHO1 can promote phosphate from root to stem and leaf distribution in order to effectively alleviate the shoot phosphorus deficiency. It can also improve the accumulation and secretion of organic acid (oxalate, malate, citrate, succinate, and tartrate), reducing the roots of anaerobic respiration products of lactic acid and acetic acid, promoting the proton pump gene (HA1) expression that can effectively change the environment of insoluble phosphorus to soluble phosphate and increased soluble phosphate content in the environment to promote plant root phosphorus content, improving growth- and development-related gene's expression (GRAS1) as well as decreasing the anthocyanin accumulation. 【Conclusion】Adding fulvic acid at a certain concentration under low-phosphorus stress can significantly improve shoot growth and root development of tomato seedlings. It indicates that the addition of fulvic acid can alleviate the phosphorus deficiency symptoms of plants to a certain extent and reveal the regulation of fulvic acid physiological mechanism of tomato actively against phosphorus deficiency.

ZHANG L

, LIU D

, SHI Q

, GONG

. Physiological regulatory effects of fulvic acid on stress tolerance of tomato seedlings against phosphate deficiency
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(8):1547-1555. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.08.012 URL [本文引用: 4]

刘佳欢, 王倩, 罗人杰, 陈喜, 孙淑娟. 黄腐酸肥料对小麦根际土壤微生物多样性和酶活性的影响
植物营养与肥料学报, 2019,25(10):1808-1816.

LIU J

, WANG

, LUO R

, CHEN

, SUN S

. Effect of fulvic acid fertilizer on microbial diversity and enzyme activity in wheat rhizosphere soil
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2019,25(10):1808-1816. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[13]

李亚杰, 罗磊, 姚彦红, 王娟, 李丰先, 李城德, 边彩燕, 董爱云, 刘惠霞, 马瑞, 李德明. 黄腐酸菌肥与常规肥料配比对西北旱作区马铃薯根系形态及土壤酶活性的影响
土壤与作物, 2019,8(3):293-301.

LI Y

, LUO

, YAO Y

, WANG

, LI F

, LI C

, BIAN C

, DONG A

, LIU H

, MA

, LI D

. The effects of fulvic acid fertilizer and conventional fertilizer ratio on potato root development and soil enzyme activity in arid land of northwest China
Soil and Crop, 2019,8(3):293-301. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 2]

[14]

张彦才, 李若楠, 王丽英, 刘孟朝, 武雪萍, 吴会军, 李银坤. 磷肥对日光温室番茄磷营养和产量及土壤酶活性的影响
植物营养与肥料学报, 2008,14(6):1193-1199.

DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2008.0626 URL [本文引用: 1]

采用盆栽方法进行了不同施磷（P₂O₅）水平下，日光温室番茄产量、不同生育期番茄磷素分配、干物质积累、土壤速效磷含量和酶活性研究，并确定了适宜番茄生长的最佳施磷量与土壤速效磷含量。结果表明，随着磷肥施用量的增加，土壤速效磷含量及番茄各组织含磷量相应增加；当施用P₂O₅达到0.53 g/kg（处理5），土壤速效磷含量在60～77 mg/kg时，较适宜番茄生长，番茄产量和单果重达最高，根系和茎叶干物质积累也达到最好水平。当施磷量超过0.53 g/kg时，造成土壤和植株磷累积过高，易引起土壤盐害，降低土壤酶活性，从而降低干物质积累和番茄产量，影响土壤的可持续利用。

ZHANG Y

, LI R

, WANG L

, LIU M

, WU X

, WU H

, LI Y

. Effect of phosphorus fertilization on tomato phosporous nutrition, yield and soil enzyme activities
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2008,14(6):1193-1199. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.11674/zwyf.2008.0626 URL [本文引用: 1]

GONG

, LI

, VANDENLANGENBERG K

, WEN

, SUN S

, WEI

, LI

, YANG F

, SHI Q

, WANG X

. Overexpression of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase increased tomato tolerance to alkali stress through polyamine metabolism
Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2014,12(6):694-708.

DOI:10.1111/pbi.12173 URLPMID:24605920 [本文引用: 1]

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) synthetase is the key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of SAM, which serves as a common precursor for polyamines (PAs) and ethylene. A SAM synthetase cDNA (SlSAMS1) was introduced into the tomato genome using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation method. Transgenic plants overexpressing SlSAMS1 exhibited a significant increase in tolerance to alkali stress and maintained nutrient balance, higher photosynthetic capacity and lower oxidative stress compared with WT lines. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that the function of SlSAMS1 mainly depended on the accumulation of Spd and Spm in the transgenic lines. A grafting experiment showed that rootstocks from SlSAMS1-overexpressing plants provided a stronger root system, increased PAs accumulation, essential elements absorption, and decreased Na(+) absorption in the scions under alkali stress. As a result, fruit set and yield were significantly enhanced. To our knowledge, this is the first report to provide evidence that SlSAMS1 positively regulates tomato tolerance to alkali stress and plays a major role in modulating polyamine metabolism, resulting in maintainability of nutrient and ROS balance.

[16]

区惠平, 周柳强, 黄金生, 曾艳, 朱晓晖, 谢如林, 谭宏伟, 黄碧燕. 长期不同施肥对甘蔗产量稳定性、肥料贡献率及养分流失的影响
中国农业科学, 2018,51(10):1931-1939.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.012 URL [本文引用: 1]

【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore the response of the sugarcane yield stability, fertilizer contribution rate and N, P loss in runoff under long-term different fertilization, with an aim to provide scientific references for establishing the optimal fertilization pattern and promoting the sustainable production of sugarcane as well as the quality of agroecosystem improvement.【Method】 Four different fertilization treatments (non-fertilization (CK), optimum fertilization (OPT), application of 50% N increase based on OPT (OPT+N) and application of 50% P₂O₅ increase based on OPT (OPT+P)) were chosen from an 8-years fertilization filed experiment. The changes of annual sugarcane stem yield, fertilizer contribution rate and N, P loss in runoff were investigated. 【Result】 At the first 4 years of planting, sugarcane yield declined sharply, and then kept equilibrium around 50 t·hm^-2, while fertilization treatments showed a fluctuation in different years, and kept the same trend in the same year. Fertilization significantly increased the sugarcane yield and its stability. With an average of 8 years, sugarcane yield under fertilizer treatments was 70% higher than that under CK. However, there was no significant increase between OPT and OPT+N treatments in sugarcane yield, while OPT was higher than OPT+N treatment. There was no significant difference among fertilizer treatments in sugarcane yield stability. The soil contribution rate in sugarcane field declined sharply at the first 4 years of planting, while fertilizer contribution rate showed the opposite trend, and then both of them basically stabled at around 50%. Both of fertilizer contribution rate and agronomic efficiency in OPT treatment were significantly higher than or equal to OPT+N and OPT+P treatments. Fertilization significantly increased N and P runoff loss. Excessive application of N and P fertilizer significantly increased the corresponding N and P loss, but not N (P) fertilizer loss rate. 【Conclusion】 Excessive application of N and P not only had no advantage in sugarcane yield and its stability, but also resulted in waste of resources and increase of nutrient loss. OPT treatment was a better fertilization model for high and stable yield of sugarcane, high fertilizer contribution rate and low nutrient loss.

QU H

, ZHOU L

, HUANG J

, ZENG

, ZHU X

, XIE R

, TAN H

, HUANG B

. Effects of long-term different fertilization on sugarcane yield stability, fertilizer contribution rate and nutrient loss
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(10):1931-1939. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.012 URL [本文引用: 1]

曹兵, 倪小会, 肖强, 徐凯, 杨俊刚, 衣文平, 李丽霞. 包膜尿素对温室番茄产量、品质和经济效益的影响
植物营养与肥料学报, 2014,20(2):389-395.

采用田间小区和试验示范研究了包膜尿素对番茄产量、品质和施肥经济效益的影响，包膜尿素20%的氮混入育苗基质，剩余80%在移栽时条施（总施氮量为常规施氮量的50%）。结果表明，包膜尿素接触施肥的番茄壮苗指数比常规育苗提高了47.9%；与普通尿素底施加3次追肥相比，施用包膜尿素的番茄产量较等氮量普通尿素（N 180 kg/hm2）和常规施氮量（N 360kg/hm2）处理分别增加了5.1%和9.7%，氮肥利用率提高了9.0～10.2个百分点；相比普通尿素，包膜尿素改善了番茄品质，其中可溶性糖含量提高6.5%～9.4%，Vc含量提高10%～11.3%。与常规施氮相比，包膜尿素在氮肥投入略低的情况下（减少44 Yuan/hm2），番茄单位面积产值和净收益（扣除肥料投入）比常规施氮量增加了33.8 %。施用包膜尿素的表层（0—20 cm）土壤硝态氮含量相对普通尿素起到了削峰填谷作用，降低了硝态氮的淋失风险。

CAO

, NI X

, XIAO

, XU

, YANG J

, YI W

, LI L

. Impact of coated urea on yield, quality and economic returns of greenhouse tomato
Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014,20(2):389-395. (in Chinese)

高方胜, 王磊, 徐坤. 砧木与嫁接番茄产量品质关系的综合评价
中国农业科学, 2014,47(3):605-612.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.020 URL [本文引用: 1]

【Objective】Grafting has been used in protected tomato to limit successive obstacle, a lot of studies have been done on resistance against environmental stress, disease and yield increase by grafting, however, the effects of grafting on vegetable quality were yet not systematical and far from being completed. Therefore, in order to further make clear biological effect of tomato grafting, comprehensive evaluation of the effects of grafting on yield and quality in greenhouse tomato was studied to provide a theoretical basis for application of grafting.【Method】The change characteristics of the seedling quality, plant growth vigor, yield and fruit quality were measured by the same scion grafted on ten different rootstocks and the self-root grafting scion ‘Jinpeng No.1’ as control, and effects of grafting on seedling quality and fruit quality were evaluated on the basis of membership values of seedling quality and fruit quality calculated by the method of membership function.【Result】There was a significant difference in seedling growth of grafting plants among different rootstocks, whose coefficient of variation of leaf area and dry matter of root were 18.24% and 15.21% respectively. These grafting seedlings with rootstock of ‘MIKADO’ and ‘Kagemusha’ had higher seedlings quality with method of membership function, but the grafting survival rates on all rootstocks were higher than 90%. Plant growth vigor and yield of grafting tomato were significantly different among different rootstocks. Although the average rate of increasing yield was 34.87%, the coefficient of variation of yield was 17.16%. Except for yield on ‘Vespa’, other grafted plant yields were significantly higher than that of CK, which the increasing yield rate of grafting on ‘MIKADO’ and ‘Magnet’ were 66.82% and 57.56%, respectively. Fruit rigidity was significantly improved and fruit index was changed with grafting, and fresh mass of single fruit of grafting tomatoes were higher than that of CK except for those on ‘Vespa’, ‘Anka-T’ and ‘Support’. Grafting has a significant effect on fruit nutrient quality of tomato, higher effect on Vitamine C, lower effect on soluble solid, whose coefficients of variation were 69.16% and 8.87%, respectively. Fruit dry matter and the contents of soluble solid, soluble protein and titratable acid in all grafting treatments were improved, whereas the change value and direction of other indexes, such as fruit index, Vc, lycopene, soluble sugar and ratio of sugar to acid were dissimilar. The fruit quality was evaluated synthetically by calculating membership values of fruit nutrient quality indexes with membership function, which showed that the membership values of all grafting fruits were higher than the values of CK, and thus confirmed that fruit quality was improved by grafting.【Conclusion】The grafting seedling quality, plant growth vigor, fruit characteristics, yield and quality were significantly different with different rootstocks. Among the ten rootstocks determined, grafted plant yields were significantly higher than that of CK except for that of ‘Vespa’, higher increasing yield rate of ‘MIKADO’ and ‘Magnet’ rootstocks. Although the effects of grafting on fruit quality indexes showed differences in connect with different rootstocks, fruit quality of all grafting unions was improved synthetically, especially higher fruit quality was observed on rootstocks of ‘Anka-T’, ‘Vespa’ and ‘Rootstock 001’.

GAO F

, WANG

, XU

. Comprehensive evaluation of relationship between rootstock and yield and quality in grafting tomato
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014,47(3):605-612. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.03.020 URL [本文引用: 1]

张钧恒, 马乐乐, 李建明. 全有机营养肥水耦合对番茄品质、产量及水分利用效率的影响
中国农业科学, 2018,51(14):2788-2798.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.015 URL [本文引用: 1]

【Objective】Under the organic substrate cultivation, the research on organic nutrient solution coupling with water is the important way to actualize the organic cultivation. 【Method】The cherry tomato was used as the test material, and the organic substrate in bag was selected as the cultivation method. In contrast to Japanese garden general formula (F3), 2 organic nutrient solutions (F1: Organic nutrient solution formula 1; F2: Organic nutrient solution formula 2) were set, and 2 irrigation amount levels (W1: 100% ET at seedling period and rainy days, 120% ET at other times; W2: 120% ET at seedling period and rainy days, 150% ET at other times) were set. 【Result】The results indicated that two organic nutrient solutions significantly increased the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaves, and reduced the nitrate content in fruits, whereas the contents of soluble protein, soluble sugar and lycopene were improved, comparing with the inorganic nutrient solution. Meanwhile, with the increase of irrigation amount, the photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of tomato leaves increased significantly, and the yield of tomato increased significantly too, while the fruit quality indexes showed the dilution effect. The comprehensive quality evaluation showed that F2W1 treatment was the best. Among different fertilizer and water treatments, F2W2 treatment had the highest yield, which was significantly higher than those under other treatments, except for the insignificant difference compared with F1W2 treatment. F2W1 treatment had the highest water use efficiency. 【Conclusion】Generally, F2W1 (Organic nutrient solution formula 2 with 100% ET at seedling period and rainy days, 120% ET at other times) was considered as the optimal fertilizer and water coupling treatment, which could be used as the all-organic nutrient solution and water management indicator.

ZHNAG J

, MA L

, LI J

. Effects of all-organic nutrient solution and water coupling on quality, yield and water use efficiency of tomato
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018,51(14):2788-2798. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.14.015 URL [本文引用: 1]

谷端银, 王秀峰, 杨凤娟, 焦娟, 魏珉, 史庆华. 纯化腐植酸对低氮胁迫下黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响
应用生态学报, 2016,27(8):2535-2542.

Taking ‘Xintaimici’ and ‘Jinyou 1’ as experimental cucumber cultivars, this paper studied the effects of watering purified humic acid (PHA) at different levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 mg·L^-1) on growth and nutrient absorption of cucumber seedlings under low nitrogen stress (1 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^-) in sand culture pots. The results showed that, under low N condition, PHA could significantly increase the total root length, root surface area, root tip number and root volume of cucumber seedlings, and promote plant height, stem diameter and leaf area. Proline and soluble sugar contents in cucumber leaves were significantly increased by PHA. The absorption of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe in cucumber seedlings was promoted. According to the response of the two cucumber cultivars to PHA under low N stress, some traits of two cultivars showed different sensitivity to PHA level. The comprehensive analysis of the above results inferred that the PHA level from 100 mg·L^-1 to 150 mg·L^-1 could significantly enhance the growth and nutrient absorption of cucumber seedlings.

GU D

, WANG X

, YANG F

, JIAO

, WEI

, SHI Q

. Effects of purified humic acid on growth and nutrient absorption of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) seedlings under low nitrogen stress
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016,27(8):2535-2542. (in Chinese)

刘德兴, 荆鑫, 焦娟, 魏珉, 隋申利, 赵利华, 李艳玮, 赵娜, 巩彪, 史庆华. 嫁接对番茄产量、品质及耐盐性影响的综合评价
园艺学报, 2017,44(6):1094-1104.

LIU D

, JING

, JIAO

, WEI

, SUI S

, ZHAO L

, LI Y

, ZHAO

, GONG

, SHI Q

. Comprehensive evaluation of yield, quality and salt tolerance in grafting tomato
Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2017,44(6):1094-1104. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 2]

[22]

GONG

, WEN

, WANG X

, WEI

, YANG F

, LI

, SHI Q

. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-modulated redox signaling controls sodic alkaline stress responses in Solanum lycopersicum L
Plant and Cell Physiology, 2015,56(4):790-802.

URLPMID:25634962 [本文引用: 1]

[23]

张瑜, 王若楠, 邱小倩, 杨金水, 李宝珍, 袁红莉. 生物刺激素腐植酸对植物生理代谢的影响
腐植酸, 2019(3):1-6, 33.

ZHANG

, WANG R

, QIU X

, YANG J

, LI B

, YUAN H

. Effects of biostimulant humic acid on physiological metabolism of plant
Humic Acid, 2019(3):1-6, 33. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 2]

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ZHANG X

, SCHMIDT R

. Hormone-containing products' impact on antioxidant status of tall fescue and creeping bentgrass subjected to drought
Crop Science, 2000,40(5):1344-1349.

[本文引用: 1]

[25]

回振龙, 李朝周, 史文煊, 张俊莲, 王蒂. 黄腐酸改善连作马铃薯生长发育及抗性生理的研究
草业学报, 2013,22(4):130-136.

HUI Z

, LI C

, SHI W

, ZHANG J

, WANG

. A study on the use of fulvic acid to improve growth and resistance in continuous cropping of potato
Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013,22(4):130-136. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[26]

杨凯, 关连珠, 颜丽, 朱教君, 贺婧. 外源腐殖酸对三种土壤磷吸附与解吸特性的影响
生态学杂志, 2009,28(7):1303-1307.

YANG

, GUAN L

, YAN

, ZHU J

, HE

. Effects of exogenous humic acids on soil phosphorus adsorption and desorption
Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009,28(7):1303-1307. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[27]

李粉茹, 于群英, 邹长明. 设施菜地土壤pH值、酶活性和氮磷养分含量的变化
农业工程学报, 2009,25(1):217-222.

LI F

, YU Q

, ZOU C

. Variations of pH value, enzyme activity and nitrogen phosphorus content in protected vegetable soils
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009,25(1):217-222. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[28]

陈宝成, 周华敏, 梁海, 王桂伟, 韩哲, 满晟群. 黄腐酸复合肥对盐碱地小麦生长、产量、效益及土壤理化性质的影响
腐植酸, 2019(3):19-24.

CHEN B

, ZHOU H

, LIANG

, WANG G

, HAN

, MAN S

. Effects of fulvic acid compound fertilizer on growth, yield, benefit of wheat and soil physicochemical properties in saline-alkali soil
Humic Acid, 2019(3):19-24. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[29]

王艳丹, 方海东, 李建查, 张明忠, 岳学文, 张雷, 潘志贤, 李坤, 史亮涛. 不同水肥管理对番茄品质和产量的影响
农学学报, 2019,9(6):39-45.

WANG Y

, FANG H

, LI J

, ZHANG M

, YUE X

, ZHANG

, PAN Z

, LI

, SHI L

. Effects of water and fertilizer management modes on quality and yield of tomato
Journal of Agriculture, 2019,9(6):39-45. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[30]

李邵, 苏炜宣, 宋少恒, 孙小进, 丁小明, 常军盛, 李树辉. 光温耦合对日光温室番茄生长、产量与品质的影响
中国农学通报, 2019,35(6):122-128.

, SU W

, SONG S

, SUN X

, DING X

, CHANG J

, LI S

. Effects of light-temperature coupling on growth, yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouse
Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2019,35(6):122-128. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 2]

[31]

黄立华, 梁正伟, 陈渊. 苏打盐碱胁迫对番茄果实品质的影响
吉林农业大学学报, 2007,29(1):74-77.

HUANG L

, LIANG Z

, CHEN

. Effect of saline-sodic stress on quality of tomato fruit
Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 2007,29(1):74-77. (in Chinese)