The Slaughter Characteristics and Meat Quality of Holstein Bulls Grain-Fed Under Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels
ZHAO YangYang1, LI Yan2, HAN YongSheng3, WANG XiaoLing4, LI JianGuo1, GAO YanXia1, CAO YuFeng,1, LI QiuFeng,11 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, Hebei 3 Heilongjiang Institute of Animal Husbandry, Qiqihaer 161000, Heilongjiang 4 Heilongjiang Honneur Animal Husbandry Co.Ltd., Qiqihaer 161000, Heilongjiang
Abstract 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to study the slaughter characteristics and meat quality of Holstein bulls grain-fed under different dietary crude protein levels. To provide a reference for improving beef quality research.【Method】 Ninety Holstein bulls with body weight of about 197 kg and similar body condition were randomly divided into three groups with 30 calves in each group. Group I, II and III were fed diets with low, medium and high crude protein level, respectively. The dietary comprehensive net energy level in each group was the same, and the ratio of concentrate to roughage (dry matter basis) was 90﹕10. The pre-trial period lasted 10 d and the formal trial period lasted 193 d. 【Result】 The results showed as follows: (1) The longissimus muscle area in group III was significantly increased by 6.69% (P>0.05) compared with group I, while there were no effects on dressing, meat-bone ratio, net meat percentage and carcass yield among the groups (P>0.05). (2) The dehydration rates in group Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in group I by 9.01% (P<0.05); with the increasing of dietary crude protein level, the shear stress and cooking loss decreased slightly, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), and there were no significant differences in meat pH, meat color, chroma and hue angle among groups (P>0.05). (3) Dietary crude protein levels had no significant effect on conventional ingredients of longissimus muscle (P>0.05). (4) The concentration of saturated fatty acid (SFA) of longissimus dorsi in group III was 14.58% (P<0.01) and 9.68% (P<0.05) lower than that in group I and group II, respectively, and the palmitic acid (C16:0) concentration in group III was significantly lower than that in group I (P<0.05). Compared with groupⅠ, the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in group II and group III was increased by 14.16% and 17.42% (P<0.01), respectively, and the oleic acid (C18:1n9c) concentration was increased by 28.89% and 30.19% (P<0.01), respectively; the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (M/S) in group II was significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.05), and the M/S in group III was significantly higher than that in groupⅠ(P<0.01).【Conclusion】In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, diets with high crude protein level could increase longissimus muscle area of Holstein bulls, increase MUFA content and decrease SFA content of longissimus dorsi, and improve meat quality in dairy bulls. Keywords:crude protein;dairy bulls;slaughter characteristics;meat quality
PDF (441KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 赵洋洋, 李妍, 韩永胜, 王晓玲, 李建国, 高艳霞, 曹玉凤, 李秋凤. 谷饲饲粮粗蛋白质水平对荷斯坦公牛屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(2): 431-439 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.017 ZHAO YangYang, LI Yan, HAN YongSheng, WANG XiaoLing, LI JianGuo, GAO YanXia, CAO YuFeng, LI QiuFeng. The Slaughter Characteristics and Meat Quality of Holstein Bulls Grain-Fed Under Different Dietary Crude Protein Levels[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(2): 431-439 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.02.017
Table 1 表1 表1试验饲粮组成及营养水平(干物质基础) Table 1The composition and nutrient levels of the experimental diet (%,DM basis)
项目 Item
200-300 kg体重阶段 200-300 kg live weight
300-400 kg体重阶段 300-400 kg live weight
400-500 kg体重阶段 400-500 kg live weight
组别 Group
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
蒸汽压片玉米 Steam-flaked corn
55.00
55.00
55.00
60.00
60.00
60.00
65.00
65.00
65.00
浓缩颗粒料 Concentrated pellets1)
35.00
35.00
35.00
30.00
30.00
30.00
25.00
25.00
25.00
羊草 Guinea grass
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
10.00
合计 Total
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels2)
综合净能 NEmf (MJ·kg-1)
7.05
7.05
7.05
7.10
7.10
7.10
7.16
7.16
7.16
粗蛋白 CP
14.05
15.00
16.04
13.03
14.01
15.00
12.01
13.01
14.00
钙 Ca
0.61
0.61
0.61
0.65
0.65
0.65
0.61
0.61
0.61
磷 P
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.38
0.38
0.38
中性洗涤纤维 NDF
22.33
21.70
21.02
20.71
20.02
19.61
19.52
18.80
18.39
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF
9.41
9.32
9.23
8.77
8.67
8.66
8.28
8.17
8.12
1)浓缩颗粒料均由不同比例的玉米、麸皮、豆粕等原料组成,各组各阶段浓缩饲料均按照不同阶段营养水平单独配制 The concentrated pellets were composed of different proportions of corn, bran, soybean meal and other raw materials in the above table, the concentrated feeds in each stage of each group were prepared separately according to the nutritional levels of different stages. 2)综合净能为计算值,其他为实测值 NEmf was a calculated value, while the others were measured values
Table 2 表2 表2不同粗蛋白质水平饲粮对奶公牛屠宰性能的影响 Table 2Effects of different dietary crude protein levels on slaughter characteristics of Holstein bulls
项目 Item
组别Group
SEM
P值 P value
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
宰前活重 Live weight (kg)
501.40±2.96
503.60±3.82
514.00±2.00
4.01
0.06
热胴体重 Hot carcass weight (kg)
273.36±3.83
278.92±3.04
284.00±4.47
5.41
0.19
屠宰率 Dressing (%)
54.52±0.64
55.38±0.28
55.25±0.87
0.91
0.61
骨重 Bone weight (kg)
46.42±0.70
48.36±2.30
49.55±1.18
2.19
0.38
胴体肉重 Carcass meat weight (kg)
226.94±4.00
230.56±2.61
234.45±4.93
5.60
0.43
肉骨比 Meat/Bone
4.83±0.15
4.86±0.08
4.84±0.23
0.23
0.99
净肉率 Net meat percentage (%)
45.26±0.65
45.79±0.47
45.61±0.98
1.03
0.87
胴体产肉率 Carcass yield (%)
82.73±0.32
82.94±0.16
82.94±0.49
0.49
0.88
眼肌面积 Longissimus muscle area (cm2)
77.12±1.53b
80.66±1.01ab
82.28±1.66a
2.02
0.03
背膘厚度 Back fat thickness (mm)
6.33±0.75
6.34±0.60
6.16±0.23
0.81
0.97
脂肪色 Fat color
2.00±0.20
1.80±0.20
1.60±0.24
0.26
0.34
同行数据标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05),不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),相同或无字母表示差异不显著(P>0.05)。下同 In the same row, values with different small letter mean significant difference (P<0.05), values with different capital letter mean extremely significant difference (P<0.01), while with the same or no letter mean no significant difference (P>0.05). The same as below
Table 4 表4 表4不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对奶公牛背最长肌常规成分的影响(鲜重基础) Table 4Effects of different dietary crude protein levels on conventional ingredients of longissimus muscle of Holstein bulls (%, FW basis)
Table 5 表5 表5不同饲粮粗蛋白质水平对奶公牛背最长肌脂肪酸组成的影响(干物质基础) Table 5Effects of different dietary crude protein levels on fatty acids of longissimus muscle of Holstein bulls (%, DM basis)
项目 Item
组别Group
SEM
P值 P value
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
饱和脂肪酸 SFA
45.87±0.57Aa
43.38±1.12ABa
39.18±1.06Bb
1.34
<0.01
C4:0
2.43±0.01
2.41±0.16
2.31±0.02
0.13
0.63
C6:0
11.35±0.44
10.84±0.60
9.64±0.44
0.71
0.12
C11:0
0.38±0.03
0.38±0.02
0.36±0.01
0.03
0.80
C15:0
4.26±0.09
4.25±0.20
4.00±0.20
0.25
0.54
C16:0
25.34±0.94a
23.33±1.03ab
20.49±0.29b
1.16
0.02
C18:0
2.16±0.18
2.12±0.04
2.05±0.09
0.17
0.80
单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)
39.62±1.30Bb
45.23±0.31Aa
46.52±1.22Aa
1.48
<0.01
C15:1
0.77±0.07
0.83±0.08
0.65±0.10
0.11
0.35
C16:1
3.74±0.21
3.81±0.11
3.81±0.08
0.20
0.92
C17:1
15.59±1.18
15.75±0.58
17.35±0.87
1.29
0.38
C20:1
0.55±0.06
0.54±0.01
0.55±0.01
0.05
0.97
C18:1n9t
1.36±0.04
1.35±0.04
1.40±0.14
0.13
0.89
C18:1n9c
17.72±0.41Bb
22.84±0.90Aa
23.07±0.78Aa
1.03
<0.01
多不饱和脂肪酸 PUFA
14.32±0.69
13.76±0.22
13.52±0.24
0.62
0.47
C18:3n3
0.66±0.02
0.70±0.02
0.69±0.01
0.02
0.27
C18:2n6c
6.85±0.37
6.70±0.29
6.63±0.09
0.39
0.86
C18:4n6
0.66±0.04
0.64±0.02
0.65±0.01
0.04
0.74
C18:3n6
0.81±0.04
0.76±0.03
0.77±0.10
0.09
0.85
C20:3n3
0.78±0.05
0.70±0.01
0.69±0.01
0.04
0.13
C20:4n6
4.56±0.47
4.26±0.14
4.10±0.17
0.42
0.57
M/S1)
0.86±0.04Bb
1.04±0.03ABa
1.19±0.06Aa
0.06
<0.01
P/S2)
0.31±0.02
0.32±0.01
0.35±0.02
0.02
0.24
1)M/S:单不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸之比 M/S: The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids 2)P/S:多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸之比 P/S: The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids
ZHANG BY, LUO YZ, WANG JQ . Analysis of veal production with Holstein bull calves under different feeding conditions Journal of Gansu Agricultural University, 2010,45(6):23-27. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
WANGM, SUN BZ, ZHANG LY . Development status of calf meat at domestic and foreign. Food and Nutrition in China, 2005(7):36-37. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
VASCONCELOS JT, GALYEAN ML . Nutritional recommendations of feedlot consulting nutritionists: The 2007 Texas Tech University survey , 2007,85(10):2772-2781. [本文引用: 1]
GALYEAN ML, DEFOOR PJ . Effects of roughage source and level on intake by feedlot cattle , 2003,81(14, supplement 1):E8-16. [本文引用: 1]
HORTON G MJ, KEELER EH, BASSENDOWSKI KA . Performance of lambs and steers given monensin with different levels of barley , 1981,32(3):267-274. [本文引用: 1]
BEACOM SE, MIRZ . A comparison of monensin and chlortetracycline in high-concentrate and high-forage diets for implanted and nonimplanted finishing steers and heifers , 1985,65(3):705-715. [本文引用: 1]
DUCKETT SK, NEEL J PS, LEWIS RM . Effects of forage species or concentrate finishing on animal performance, carcass and meat quality1,2 , 2013,91(3):1454-1467. [本文引用: 1]
LI LY, ZHU YK, WANG XY . Effects of different dietary energy and protein levels and sex on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of F1 Angus×Chinese Xiangxi yellow cattle//China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Society Animal Nutrition Branch China Feed Nutrition Symposium. 2014. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
ROBERTSON IS, PAVERH, WILSON JC . Effect of castration and dietary protein level on growth and carcass composition in beef cattle , 1970,74(2):299-310. [本文引用: 1]
HORTON G MJ, PITMAN WD, PATE FM . Protein supplements for corn-silage diets and their effect on subsequent growth and carcass characteristics in beef cattle , 1992,72(3):595-602. [本文引用: 2]
State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration of the People’s Republic of China and China National Standards Administration Committee. GB/T19477-2018 Operational Rules for Livestock and Poultry Slaughtering-Cattle Beijing: China Standards Press Beijing: China Standards Press, 2018. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T676-2007 Beef Quality Grading Beijing: China Standards Press, 2007. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of the People’s Republic of China. NY/T1180-2006 Measurement of shear Force of Meat Beijing: China Standards Press, 2006. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
Drug Administration of the People’s Republic of China. GB 5009.168-2016 Determination of Fatty Acids in Food Beijing: China Standards Press, 2016. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
MAHMOUDZADEHH, FAZAELIH, KORDNEJADI . Response of male buffalo calves to different levels of energy and protein in finishing diets , 2007,10(9):1398-1405. [本文引用: 1]
BOONSAENP, SOE NW, MAITREEJET WL . Effects of protein levels and energy sources in total mixed ration on feedlot performance and carcass quality of Kamphaeng Saen steers , 2017,51(1):57-61. [本文引用: 1]
WANG XL, LI QF, CAO YF . Effects of nutrient levels of milk replacer on slaughter performance and meat quality of 0 to 4-month-old calves Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2016,36(2):336-342. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 2]
SOLOMON MB, ELSASSER TH . Dietary energy and protein effects on partitioning of carcass components in beef cattle , 1991,29(4):365-373. [本文引用: 1]
KADIM IT, MAHGOUBO, AL-MARZOOQIW, KHALAFS, AL-SINAWI S SH, AL-AMRI IS . Effects of transportation during the hot season and low voltage electrical stimulation on histochemical and meat quality characteristics of sheep longissimus muscle , 2009,126(1):154-161. [本文引用: 1]
LI XM . Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on linear fattening performance and beef quality of holstein bulls [D]. , 2015. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
MA TW, WANGQ, WANGF . Effects of different nutrition levels on growth performance, serum indexes, slaughter performance and meat traits of Hu lamb Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2016,39(6):1003-1009. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HUANGP, LUY, MAO DG, SHI FX . Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on meat quality of livestock and poultry Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2008,40(12):93-95. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 2]
QIAOM, FLETCHER DL, SMITH DP . The effect of broiler breast meat color on pH, moisture, water-holding capacity, and emulsification capacity , 2001,80(5):676-680. [本文引用: 1]
LI DG, XIA XL, ZHU LL . Effect of different nutrient levels on beef quality Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2011(9):57-59. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HU DW, SUNF, WUM, MIAO SJ, WANG JH, LI HY . Study on the slaughtering experiment and meat quality of dairy bull calves China Cattle Science, 2011,37(4): 10-14+29. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
TANGP, WANG YY, WANG GJ . Effects of dietary energy and protein levels on growth performance, serum biochemical index, slaughtering performance and meat quality of northern Shanxi white cashmere goats Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2018,30(6):2194-2201. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HUO YJ, ZHAN JS, YU TS . The effect of diet with different crude protein levels on growth performance, meat quality and serum parameters in Huai pigs Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015,24(6):133-141. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HAN YS, QU YL, YUANX, WANG ZB, YIN XH, LIW, PAN QQ, WANGG, GAOY . Effects of rumen-protected methionine and lysine supplementations on growth performance and carcass chemical composition of holstein bulls Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016,28(2):418-425. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HU CH, WANGX, YAN XM . Comparative study on beef quality of different species and month age Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, 2010(13):391-392. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
LI XM, LI QF, CAO YF . Influence of dietary energy and protein levels on meat quality of holstein bulls Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2015,51(19):38-43. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
LI QF, CAO YF, LI JG . Effects of different energy and protein levels on growth performance and beef quality in the bull Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2015,47(4):15-19. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
HAOD, JING YQ, CAO BH . Effects of dietary protein level and cottonseed meal substitution for soybean meal on quality of heza beef China Herbivore Science, 2013,33(3):30-33. (in Chinese) [本文引用: 1]
DAVIDB, WESTERLING andH. B . HEDRICK. Fatty acid composition of bovine lipids as influenced by diet, sex and anatomical location and relationship to sensory characteristics , 1979,48(6):1343-1348. [本文引用: 1]