Effects of Irrigation Time and Ratio on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize Under Monoculture and Intercropping
PENG Xiao, PU Tian, YANG Feng, YANG WenYu, WANG XiaoChun,College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation, Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130
Received:2019-03-17Accepted:2019-05-16Online:2019-11-08 作者简介 About authors 彭霄,E-mail: 969119853@qq.com。
摘要 目的 探究不同灌水比例和灌水时间对单套作玉米产量及其水分利用效率的影响,为构建套作复合群体水分高效管理技术提供依据。方法 采用自动式遮雨棚水分精量控制,2016—2017年连续2年在灌溉定额4 050 m 3·hm -2条件下,设置2种种植模式(单作A1、套作A2)、3种灌水比例(播种水25%+拔节水25%+抽雄水25%+灌浆水25%,B1;播种水25%+拔节水25%+抽雄水15%+灌浆水35%,B2;播种水25%+拔节水35%+灌浆水40%,B3)两因素随机区组试验。研究不同种植模式下灌水时间和灌水比例对玉米生育期内土壤含水量、棵间蒸发量、耗水特征、产量及水分利用效率的影响。 结果 相同的灌溉定额下,玉米拔节后单作土壤含水量比套作平均高出16.60%,拔节期—成熟期套作棵间蒸发量平均较单作高出23.60%;单套作耗水强度高峰期均为拔节—抽雄期,日耗水强度最高达到7.21 mm·d -1,耗水量占全生育期21.62%—31.67%,拔节期后套作阶段耗水强度均显著高于单作,平均高出3.68%;单作玉米产量在播种水25%+拔节水35%+灌浆水40%时达最高,平均较单作其他处理提高16.49%,水分利用效率平均提高11.71%,而套作则在灌水处理为播种水25%+拔节水25%+抽雄水15%+灌浆水35%时,穗粒数、有效穗数平均较其他灌水处理增加4.47%、6.97%,从而使产量平均增加22.07%,水分利用效率平均提高19.11%。 结论 本试验灌溉定额为4 050 m 3·hm -2下,播种、拔节期、灌浆期分别灌水25%、35%、40%有利于提高单作玉米产量,而套作玉米采用宽窄行带状栽培则需要增加一次灌水时间,在播种、拔节期、抽雄期、灌浆期分别灌水25%、25%、15%、35%有利于提高其产量及水分利用效率。 关键词:套作;玉米;棵间蒸发量;产量;水分利用效率
Abstract The effects of different irrigation proportion and irrigation time on yield and water use efficiency of monoculture and intercropping maize were studied to provide a basis for the high efficient water management technology for intercropped maize. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted with two factors randomized block by using automatic rain shelter from 2016-2017, the planting mode and irrigation ratio under the irrigation quota of 4 050 m 3·hm -2. Planting mode included monoculture and intercropping. The irrigation ratio included B1(sowing water (25%) + jointing water (25%) + tasseling water (25%) + filling water (25%)), B2(sowing water (25%) + jointing water (25%) + tasseling water (15%) + filling water (35%)), and B3(sowing water (25%) + jointing water (35%) + filling water (40%)). the effects of irrigation time and proportion on soil water content, inter-plant evaporation, water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of maize in different planting patterns were studied. 【Result】 The results showed that under the same irrigation quota, the soil moisture content for the monoculture maize at the jointing stage was 16.60% higher while it was 23.60% lower from jointing stage to maturity stage than that of intercropped maize. The peak stage of water consumption intensity of monoculture and intercropping was at jointing-tasseling stage, and the maximum daily water consumption intensity reached 7.21 mm·d -1, occupied by 21.62%-31.67% of the whole growth period. However, the water consumption intensity of intercropping after jointing stage was significantly higher than that of monoculture by 3.68%. The yield of monoculture maize reached the highest in B3 treatment, it was 16.49% higher than other monoculture treatments, and the water use efficiency was 11.71% higher. However, for intercropped maize, the kernels per spike and effective spike in B2 treatment was 4.47% and 6.97% higher than other irrigation treatments which lead the average yield increased 22.07%, and WUE increased 19.11%. 【Conclusion】 Under the irrigation quota of 4 050 m 3·hm -2 in this experiment, the monoculture maize get the highest yield when irrigated with 25%, 35% and 40% water at sowing, jointing and filling stages, respectively. For intercropped maize with wide and narrow rows and strips, the yield and water use efficiency get the highest, when the irrigated with 25%, 25%, 15% and 35% water at sowing, jointing, tasseling and filling stages, respectively. Keywords:intercropping;maize;soil evaporation;yield;water use efficiency
PDF (439KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 彭霄, 蒲甜, 杨峰, 杨文钰, 王小春. 灌水时间和灌水比例对单套作玉米产量 及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(21): 3763-3772 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.005 PENG Xiao, PU Tian, YANG Feng, YANG WenYu, WANG XiaoChun. Effects of Irrigation Time and Ratio on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize Under Monoculture and Intercropping[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(21): 3763-3772 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.21.005
Table 1 表1 表1不同处理对玉米各生育阶段棵间蒸发量的影响 Table 1Effects of different treatments on evaporation of maize at different growth stages of maize (mm·d-1)
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
播种—拔节期 Sowing-Jointing stage
拔节—抽雄期 Jointing-Tasseling stage
抽雄—灌浆期 Tasseling-Filling stage
灌浆—成熟期 Filling-Mature stage
2016
A1B1
0.94a
3.55e
0.65b
0.54c
A1B2
0.98a
3.67e
0.64b
0.63b
A1B3
1.01a
3.74d
0.17d
0.70a
A2B1
0.96a
4.72c
0.71a
0.60b
A2B2
0.97a
5.35b
0.75a
0.66b
A2B3
0.95a
5.56a
0.27c
0.77a
F值F-value
A
0.74
2425.63**
2.9*
3.60*
B
0.69
95.75**
79.69**
14.13**
A×B
1.62
39.45**
4.27*
0.36
2017
A1B1
0.65a
0.62d
0.90b
0.60d
A1B2
0.68a
0.60d
0.86b
0.68c
A1B3
0.67a
0.67c
0.73c
0.79b
A2B1
0.58ab
0.74b
1.05a
0.80b
A2B2
0.70a
0.73b
0.92b
0.82b
A2B3
0.47b
0.86a
0.59d
0.91a
F值F-value
A
11.74
102.07**
1.98
135.07**
B
8.06
11.56**
108.17**
45.34**
A×B
6.33
1.89
23.80**
4.02
Different small letters and * mean significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level, ** mean significant differences among treatments at 0.01 level . The same as below 不同小写字母、*表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05),**表示处理间差异显著(P<0.01)。下同
Table 3 表3 表32016年不同处理对玉米不同生育阶段土壤水分消耗量的影响 Table 3Effects of different treatments on soil water consumption at different growth stages of maize in 2016 (mm)
Table 4 表4 表4不同处理对玉米生育阶段耗水量、耗水模系数和耗水强度的影响 Table 4Effects of different treatments on water consumption, water consumption percentage and diurnal water consumption at different growth stages of maize (2016)
处理 Treatment
播种—拔节期 Sowing-Jointing stage
拔节—抽雄期 Jointing-Tasseling stage
抽雄—灌浆期 Tasseling-Filling stage
灌浆—成熟期 Filling-Mature stage
CA (mm)
CP (%)
CD (mm)
CA (mm)
CP (%)
CD (mm)
CA (mm)
CP (%)
CD (mm)
CA (mm)
CP (%)
CD (mm)
A1B1
139.19a
29.60c
3.02a
101.67d
21.62c
4.84d
98.88b
21.03b
4.30b
129.56d
27.55d
4.18d
A1B2
138.59a
29.98ab
3.02a
102.27d
22.13b
4.87d
65.57d
14.19d
2.85d
155.77c
33.70c
5.03c
A1B3
138.74a
30.31a
3.02a
144.21b
31.51a
6.87b
2.31e
0.50e
0.10e
172.41b
37.67b
5.56b
A2B1
138.92a
29.81bc
3.03a
103.14c
22.13c
4.96c
107.12a
22.99a
4.66a
120.07e
25.77e
3.87e
A2B2
138.80a
29.87bc
3.01a
103.02c
22.17c
4.91c
72.04c
15.50c
3.13c
154.91c
33.33c
5.00c
A2B3
138.73a
29.00d
3.02a
151.48a
31.67a
7.21a
0.82f
0.17f
0.04f
188.97a
39.50a
6.10a
F值F-value
A
0.01
38.89**
0.00
7.49*
158.30**
6.90*
630.32**
283.92**
779.54**
630.32**
0.79
8.13*
B
1.39
6.46*
1.15
49574.85**
54821.90**
42507.89**
152512.30**
47811.32**
144910.63**
152512.30**
3227.87**
1937.71**
A×B
0.51
50.93**
0.38
588.30**
100.80**
507.30**
526.91**
137.67**
368.76**
526.91**
74.84**
110.18**
Different small letters mean significant differences among treatments at 0.05 level. CA: Water consumption; CP: Water consumption percentage; CD: Diurnal water consumption 不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。CA:耗水量;CP:耗水模系数;CD:耗水强度
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