Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Photosynthesis Production Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Proso Millet
GONG XiangWei1, DANG Ke1, LI Jing1, LUO Yan1, ZHAO Guan1, YANG Pu1,2, GAO XiaoLi1,2, GAO JinFeng1,2, WANG PengKe1,2, FENG BaiLi,1,21 College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi; 2 Shaanxi Research Station of Crop Gene Resources & Germplasm Enhancement, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi;
Abstract 【Objective】The propose of this study was to select the suitable proso millet-mung bean intercropping patterns in semi-arid region of northwest through studying the effects of different intercropping systems on the photosynthetic production and water use efficiency of proso millet, which can provide the basis for high yield, high efficiency production and ecological environmental protection.【Method】Field experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Yulin Modern Agriculture Demonstration Garden, Shaanxi. Four intercropping patterns were designed, 2 rows proso millet and 2 rows mung bean (2P2M), 4 rows proso millet and 2 rows mung bean (4P2M), 4 rows proso millet and 4 rows mung bean (4P4M), 2 rows proso millet and 4 rows mung bean (2P4M). The treatments containing proso millet (SP) and mung bean (SM) served as the controls. Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves of proso millet as well as soil water distribution and utilization efficiency were conducted and the yield benefit was analyzed.【Result】The chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of the flag leaf at anthesis stage was increased by 2.9%-13.5%, 5.0%-32.3%, 1.3%-6.3%, and 2.1%-8.7% than the single-plant systems, and thus the production capacity in the leaves of proso millet was improved. Meanwhile, proso millet//mung bean intercropping significantly increased the maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm), the photochemical quenching coefficient (qL), the actual PSII efficiency (ΦPSII) and decreased non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ). This led to enhance the ability to capture and transform light energy, reducing ineffective light leakage loss and heat loss, and improving the utilization ability of high intensity light for intercropping systems. The soil water content was significantly reduced and the reduction in the middle layer (60-140 cm) was significantly higher than that in the upper layer (0-40 cm) and the lower layer (160-200 cm). The changes in soil deep structure were related to the root depth collocation. Intercropping could improve the water use efficiency, and 2P2M, 4P2M, 4P4M and 2P4M increased by 11.5%, 2.3%, 20.8% and 30.1% compared with monoculture, respectively. Further, the biomass and yield of proso millet under intercropping were also significantly increased. The yield under 4P2M and 2P4M intercropping was 6.7% and 36.8% higher than the monoculture.【Conclusion】Photosynthetic production capacity of proso millet could be promoted by proso millet//mung bean intercropping, and land use efficiency in the semi-arid region of northwest could be improved. Under this experimental condition, 2P4M intercropping system was the suitable combination for the northwest dry farming areas to promote the application. Keywords:proso millet;intercropping;photosynthesis characteristics;chlorophyll fluorescence;water use efficiency
PDF (3504KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 宫香伟, 党科, 李境, 罗艳, 赵冠, 杨璞, 高小丽, 高金锋, 王鹏科, 冯佰利. 糜子绿豆间作模式下糜子光合物质生产及水分利用效率[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(22): 4139-4153 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.018 GONG XiangWei, DANG Ke, LI Jing, LUO Yan, ZHAO Guan, YANG Pu, GAO XiaoLi, GAO JinFeng, WANG PengKe, FENG BaiLi. Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Photosynthesis Production Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Proso Millet[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(22): 4139-4153 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.22.018
Table 1 表1 表1不同间作模式对糜子产量及构成因素的影响 Table 1Effects of different intercropping patterns on yield and components of proso millet
年份 Year
处理 Treatment
单株穗数 Panicles number (No./plant)
穗长 Panicle length (cm)
单株粒重 Grain weight (g/plant)
千粒重 1000-grain weight(g)
产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2)
2017
SP
4.0±0.7d
39.2±1.3cd
24.0±1.9e
8.61±0.0d
4448.6±135.5d
2P2M
4.8±0.8bc
41.2±2.1c
35.3±1.1c
8.89±0.1bc
4968.9±87.2bc
4P2M
4.3±0.4c
40.1±1.0c
32.5±1.6d
8.81±0.0c
4696.2±76.8c
4P4M
4.9±0.2b
42.2±0.8b
40.9±0.4b
8.92±0.1b
5131.6±73.5b
2P4M
5.8±0.4a
44.0±1.8a
46.6±2.5a
9.02±0.0a
5367.8±56.8a
2018
SP
3.4±0.9b
46.4±2.2a
29.0±1.3d
8.66±0.1c
4205.7±257.7d
2P2M
4.6±2.0ab
47.0±2.5a
41.8±0.8b
9.00±0.0b
5153.8±150.7b
4P2M
4.4±1.1ab
46.6±2.6a
36.7±0.7c
9.03±0.1ab
4539.8±144.6c
4P4M
5.2±1.5ab
47.2±1.9a
43.2±0.7b
9.10±0.1ab
5249.6±147.3b
2P4M
6.2±1.1a
47.2±1.6a
50.4±1.2a
9.18±0.0a
6471.2±236.6a
变异来源Variation source
年份Year
NS
**
**
**
*
处理Treatment
**
*
**
**
*
年份×处理Year × Treatment
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
Means of replicates ± standard error, values followed by different small letters in the same column mean significant difference at 0.05 level. *: Significant difference at the 0.05 level; **: Significant difference at the 0.01 level; NS: No significant difference. The same as below 表中数据为平均值±标准误;同列数据后不同小写字母表示处理间差异达5%显著水平。*:在0.05水平下差异显著;**:在0.01水平下差异显著;NS:不显著。下同
Table 3 表3 表3不同间作模式对作物经济效益及土地当量比的影响 Table 3Effects of different intercropping patterns on crop economic benefits and LER
年份Year
处理 Treatment
经济效益Economic benefits
土地当量比 Land equivalent ratio
农资总投入 Total material input (Yuan/hm2)
总产值 Output value (Yuan/hm2)
经济效益 Economic benefit (Yuan/hm2)
产投比 Input-output ratio
2017
SP
900
10676.4±325.3a
9776.4±325.3a
11.9±0.4a
—
SM
1500
10378.8±83.0b
8878.8±83.0c
6.9±0.1f
—
2P2M
1200
9385.3±122.6d
8185.3±122.6d
7.8±0.1d
1.59±0.03c
4P2M
1100
10294.5±167.2bc
9194.5±167.2b
9.4±0.2b
1.50±0.02d
4P4M
1200
10037.7±93.6c
8873.7±93.6c
8.4±0.1c
1.71±0.04b
2P4M
1300
9519.0±68.1d
8219.0±68.1d
7.3±0.1e
1.86±0.02a
2018
SP
850
10934.8±670.0bc
10084.8±670.0a
12.9±0.8a
—
SM
1700
11869.7±292.1a
10169.7±292.1a
7.0±0.2d
—
2P2M
1275
10842.0±346.7bc
9567.0±346.7a
8.5±0.3c
1.86±0.18b
4P2M
1133
10593.9±415.3c
9460.9±415.3a
9.4±0.4b
1.71±0.20b
4P4M
1275
11133.62±365.7bc
9858.6±365.7a
8.7±0.3bc
1.91±0.18ab
2P4M
1558
11449.3±522.5ab
9891.3±522.5a
7.3±0.3d
2.22±0.29a
In 2017, the price of proso millet was 2.8 yuan/kg, the seeds were 150 yuan/km2, the fertilizers and pesticides were 350 yuan/km2, the labor, machinery and others were 400 yuan/km2; the price of mung bean was 8 yuan/kg, the seeds were 300 yuan/km2, the fertilizers and pesticides were 600 yuan/km2, the labor, machinery and others were 600 yuan/km2. In 2018, the price of proso millet was 2.6 yuan/kg, the seeds were 100 yuan/km2, the fertilizers and pesticides were 400 yuan/km2, the labor, machinery and others were 400 yuan/km2; the price of mung bean was 9 yuan/kg, the seeds were 350 yuan/km2, the fertilizers and pesticides were 650 yuan/km2, the labor, machinery and others were 700 yuan/km2 2017年糜子价格为2.4元/kg,种子费用为150元/km2,化肥农药为350元/km2,人工、机械及其他为400元/km2;绿豆价格为8元/kg,种子费用为300元/km2,化肥农药为600元/km2,人工、机械及其他为600元/km2。2018年糜子价格为2.6元/kg,种子费用为100元/km2,化肥农药为400元/km2,人工、机械及其他为400元/km2;绿豆价格为9元/kg,种子费用为350元/km2,化肥农药为650元/km2,人工、机械及其他为700元/km2
Table 4 表4 表4糜子光合物质生产及水分利用与产量的相关性分析 Table 4Correlation coefficients between photosynthetic production, water use efficiency and grain yield of proso millet
指标 Index
叶绿素相对含量 SPAD
净光合速率 Pn
最大光化学效率 Fv/Fm
实际光化学效率 ΦPSⅡ
生物量 Biomass
水分利用效率 WUE
单株穗数Panicles number
0.734**
0.612*
0.618*
0.723**
0.642*
0.570*
穗长Panicle length
0.573*
0.657*
0.577*
0.530*
0.614*
0.567*
单株粒重Grain weight
0.946**
0.958**
0.917**
0.956**
0.982**
0.941**
千粒重1000-grain weight
0.820**
0.822**
0.720**
0.820**
0.838**
0.716*
产量Grain yield
0.940**
0.945**
0.895**
0.908**
0.964**
0.975**
*和**表示处理间差异达5%和1%显著水平 * and ** represent significances at 0.05 and 0.01 levels
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