Abstract 【Objective】 Scientific and objective evaluation of the comprehensive effect of straw returning is important to improve the utilization rate of straw resources and to promote the green and sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, a field located experiment was conducted in wheat-maize cropping system on the North China Plain, to clarify the responses of different genotypes summer maize to various straw returning amounts. The purpose of this paper was to provide support for the comprehensive evaluation of the straw returning technology and for the optimization of straw returning amount. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted from October 2017 to October 2018 at Yuanyang, Henan province. The experimental design was a split plot. The main plot was four straw returning amount, no straw returning to field (S0), 50% amount of straw returning to field (S1), 100% amount of straw returning to field (S2) and 200% amount of straw returning to field (S3), and the subplot was genotype, including XD20 and ZD958. The differences in leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation and transfer, and grain yield under different treatments were analyzed. 【Result】 Compared with no straw returning to field, the straw returning increased LAI after silking, and there was a significant interaction between genotypes and straw returning amount on LAI. At anthesis stage, the LAI of XD20 and ZD958 increased with the increasing of straw returning amount, and were the highest under S3 treatment. At maturity stage, with the increasing of straw returning amount, the decline in LAI for XD20 and ZD958 showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and was the lowest under S1 for XD20 and S2 for ZD958. In addition, the LAI of XD20 and ZD958 at maturity stage showed a trend of first rising and then falling with the increasing of straw returning amount, and were the highest under S1 for XD20 and S2 for ZD958. Higher post-silking LAI was conducive to maintain higher post-silking dry matter production capacity, eventually significantly increased post-silking dry matter accumulation and optimize dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics. The interaction of genotype and straw returning amount significantly affected the dry matter remobilization (DMR), dry matter remobilization efficiency (DMRE), contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain (DMRCG), dry matter accumulation after anthesis (DMAA) and contribution of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain (DMAACG). With the increasing of straw returning amount, DMR, DMRE and DMRCG of the vegetative organs (stem sheath + leaf) in XD20 firstly decreased and then increased, and were the lowest under S1 treatment. Meanwhile, DMAA and DMAACG showed an increasing trend first and then a decreasing trend, which were the highest under S1 treatment. The DMR, DMRE, DMRCG and DMAA of the vegetative organs (stem sheath + leaf) of ZD958 all showed an ascending and then descending trend with increasing of straw returning amount, and those were the highest under S2 treatment. The increase of dry matter accumulation was beneficial to increase grain weight and grain yield. Compared with S0 treatment, S1, S2 and S3 treatment improved the grain yield, but the grain yield did not increase continuously with the increasing of straw returning amount. For XD20, the highest grain yield was obtained under S1 treatment, which was 3.5% to 17.7% averagely higher than other treatments. For ZD958, the highest grain yield was achieved under S2 treatment, which was 0.4% to 16.8% averagely higher than other treatments. 【Conclusion】 Our results showed that, for wheat-maize cropping system on the North China Plain, appropriate amount of straw to the field could delay the leaf senescence process in the later growth stage of maize, optimize the dry matter accumulation and distribution characteristics, improve the post-silking dry matter accumulation and grain weight, and thereby improve the grain yield of maize. However, the responses of different maize cultivars to straw returning amount vary greatly. When promoting straw returning to the field, the effects of crop genetic factors on straw returning should also be considered. Keywords:straw returning amount;summer maize;genotypes;dry matter;remobilization
PDF (474KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 穆心愿, 赵霞, 谷利敏, 冀保毅, 丁勇, 张凤启, 张君, 齐建双, 马智艳, 夏来坤, 唐保军. 秸秆还田量对不同基因型夏玉米产量及干物质转运的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(1): 29-41 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.003 MU XinYuan, ZHAO Xia, GU LiMin, JI BaoYi, DING Yong, ZHANG FengQi, ZHANG Jun, QI JianShuang, MA ZhiYan, XIA LaiKun, TANG BaoJun. Effects of Straw Returning Amount on Grain Yield, Dry Matter Accumulation and Transfer in Summer Maize with Different Genotypes[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 29-41 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.003
Table 2 表2 表2秸秆还田量对不同基因型夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)的影响 Table 2LAI as affected by the summer maize genotypes and straw returning amount
基因型 Genotype
秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount
2017
2018
LAIa
LAIm
LAIa
LAIm
浚单20 XD20
S0
3.42±0.31b
0.66±0.08b
3.30±0.19a
0.75±0.02b
S1
4.11±0.49ab
1.16±0.06a
3.58±0.18a
1.31±0.05a
S2
4.10±0.28ab
1.02±0.03ab
3.60±0.33a
1.25±0.07a
S3
4.63±0.20a
0.79±0.04ab
3.64±0.31a
0.77±0.03b
均值 Mean
4.06
0.91
3.53
1.02
郑单958 ZD958
S0
3.32±0.08a
1.86±0.07b
3.11±0.13b
1.74±0.11b
S1
3.71±0.09a
2.11±0.13ab
3.49±0.30ab
2.27±0.25a
S2
3.75±0.37a
2.21±0.28ab
3.57±0.10ab
2.64±0.07a
S3
4.05±0.17a
2.26±0.01a
3.89±0.11a
2.43±0.21a
均值 Mean
3.70
2.11
3.52
2.27
方差分析 ANOVA (F-value)
G
3.22
190.38**
0.01
188.16**
S
3.99*
3.61*
1.99
11.05**
G×S
0.25
1.65
0.52
3.33*
LAIa:开花期叶面积指数;LAIm:成熟期叶面积指数;G:基因型主效应;S:秸秆还田量主效应;G×S:基因型与秸秆还田量的交互效应。不同小写字母表示同一列同一品种下不同秸秆处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。*,**分别表示在0.05、0.01水平上差异显著。下同 LAIa: LAI at anthesis stage; LAIm: LAI at maturity stage; G: Main effect of genotypes; S: Main effect of straw returning amount; G×S: Interaction effect of genotypes and straw returning amount. Different letters in the same column mean significant differences among straw treatments under the same cultivar at 0.05 level. *and** represent significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels. The same as below
Table 4 表4 表4秸秆还田量对不同基因型夏玉米开花前后营养器官干物质转运的影响 Table 4Dry matter transfer before and after anthesis and their contribution to grain dry matter as affected by the summer maize genotypes and straw returning amount
基因型 Genotype
秸秆还田量 Straw returning amount
花前 Before anthesis
花后 After anthesis
叶片 Leaf
茎鞘 Stem+sheath
DMR (g/plant)
DMRE (%)
DMRCG (%)
DMR (g/plant)
DMRE (%)
DMRCG (%)
DMAA (g/plant)
DMAACG (%)
浚单20 XD20
S0
14.1±1.9b
39.2±4.6b
11.9±1.7b
1.0±0.4b
2.4±0.3b
0.8±0.1b
114.4±9.0b
87.3±2.0a
S1
12.6±0.6b
30.9±1.3b
8.2±0.7b
2.0±0.8b
4.1±0.1b
1.4±0.4b
156.4±9.3a
90.5±1.3a
S2
13.8±2.2b
33.4±5.0b
9.7±1.6b
2.3±0.3b
4.6±0.6b
1.6±0.2b
140.4±5.6ab
88.8±1.4a
S3
20.5±3.0a
49.6±5.3a
16.9±3.2a
14.4±2.0a
27.5±1.2a
12.0±1.0a
97.2±8.9c
71.1±3.8b
均值 Mean
15.3
38.3
11.6
4.9
9.7
4.0
126.9
84.4
郑单958 ZD958
S0
3.2±0.9a
9.3±1.2a
2.6±0.5a
1.5±0.3c
3.5±0.5c
1.1±0.1c
145.4±6.9b
96.3±0.9a
S1
3.9±0.7a
11.1±1.1a
2.9±0.4a
2.3±0.4bc
5.7±0.5bc
1.7±0.3bc
159.4±2.9b
95.3±0.7a
S2
5.3±0.7a
12.5±1.9a
3.2±0.7a
4.6±0.5ab
7.8±0.9ab
2.8±0.4ab
183.8±1.5a
94.0±0.5a
S3
3.3±0.5a
8.1±1.2a
2.0±0.3a
5.4±0.6a
9.2±1.6a
3.4±0.7a
164.8±6.0a
94.6±2.3a
均值 Mean
3.9
10.3
2.7
3.5
6.5
2.3
163.4
95.0
方差分析 ANOVA (F-value)
G
103.05**
151.40**
75.22**
5.83*
27.52**
22.35**
27.86**
61.89**
S
2.11
2.14
2.69
42.75**
135.89**
78.46**
4.41*
11.81**
G×S
3.30*
4.89*
4.34*
18.26**
72.52**
43.98**
10.07**
10.50**
DMR:干物质转运量;DMRE:干物质转运率;DMRCG:干物质转运对籽粒干物质积累贡献率;DMAA:花后干物质积累量;DMACG:花后干物质积累对籽粒干物质积累贡献率 DMR: Dry matter remobilization; DMRE: Dry matter remobilization efficiency; DMRCG: Contribution of dry matter remobilization to grain; DMAA: Dry matter accumulation after anthesis; DMAACG: Contribution of dry matter accumulation after anthesis to grain
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