Responses of Soil Diazotroph Community to Rice Straw, Glucose and Nitrogen Addition During Chinese Milk Vetch Growth
YANG Lu1,2, ZENG NaoHua2, BAI JinShun2, ZHOU Xing3, ZHOU GuoPeng1,2, GAO SongJuan4, NIE Jun5, CAO WeiDong,2,41 Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 2 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081 3 Crop Research Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125 4 College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 5 Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125
Received:2019-04-19Accepted:2019-05-29Online:2020-01-01 作者简介 About authors 杨璐,E-mail:luckyyl_520@163.com。
摘要 【目的】分析不同外源有机物料(稻草、葡萄糖)及氮素投入对紫云英季土壤固氮微生物的调控作用,为我国南方紫云英-水稻轮作体系中秸秆还田及化肥减施增效提供支持。【方法】采用盆栽试验,共设7个处理,即CK(对照,不添加有机物料和氮)、稻草等量添加并配施不同量氮素(分别表示为Rs、RsN1和RsN2,对应C/N比分别为66、25和13);等秸秆碳量添加葡萄糖并配施不同量氮素(即Glc、GlcN1、GlcN2)、调整C/N比与秸秆添加相应处理保持一致。采集紫云英快速生长期土壤样品,利用Illumina Miseq PE300高通量测序和绝对定量PCR技术分析固氮功能基因nifH及固氮微生物群落特征。【结果】单独添加外源秸秆或葡萄糖处理的土壤C/N与对照无明显差异,但增施氮肥后C/N比呈下降趋势,GlcN2处理土壤C/N显著低于对照;对于土壤速效养分,Rs和RsN1处理土壤NO3--N含量与CK类似,但RsN2处理明显增加了60%;而添加葡萄糖处理土壤NO3--N含量整体较高(增幅为35%—79%);稻草单独添加或与氮素配施对土壤速效磷含量无明显影响,添加葡萄糖处理则显著降低其含量,降幅为16%—24%,但不同氮水平之间无明显差异。不同处理土壤nifH基因拷贝数为80.4×10 6—140.5×10 6 g -1土,稻草和葡萄糖添加处理nifH基因拷贝数较CK呈增加趋势,而增施氮素后有所下降。外源碳、氮添加导致固氮微生物α-多样性较CK整体降低,但α-多样性对氮素的响应因碳源种类而异,即稻草添加后增加氮素供应(RsN1和RsN2)处理土壤固氮微生物物种数目和Chao 1指数较Rs显著降低,降低幅度分别为6%—11%和13%—15%,而添加葡萄糖后增施氮肥则对α-多样性有一定促进作用。PCoA结果显示土壤固氮微生物群落结构主要因碳源种类差异而聚集为不同组别,受氮水平供应的影响相对较小。属水平上不同物种对外源碳、氮添加的响应存在明显差异:慢生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium)相对丰度最高,而外源碳、氮添加后较CK明显降低,且稻草添加处理的降低幅度(12.3%—19.7%)小于葡萄糖添加处理(31.6%—40.5%);第二优势菌属(地杆菌,Geobacter)对碳源添加的响应趋势与Bradyrhizobium相反,与CK相比,葡萄糖添加处理Geobacter相对丰度的增加幅度(170%—270%)明显大于秸秆添加处理(25.0%—54.6%)。同时,多元回归树、RDA及相关性分析表明土壤固氮微生物丰度、多样性和群落结构组成主要受土壤NO3--N和速效磷的影响较大。【结论】氮素供应对固氮微生物多样性和群落结构的调控作用受碳源种类(或秸秆和葡萄糖中碳源有效性差异)影响;同时,不同碳源添加后造成土壤速效磷含量的差异也可能是影响紫云英季土壤固氮微生物群落组成的重要环境因子。 关键词:固氮微生物;水稻秸秆;葡萄糖;氮;紫云英;nifH
Abstract 【Objective】This study was to reveal the regulating roles of carbon (C) sources (rice straw vs. glucose) and nitrogen (N) addition in soil diazotroph community during growth of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.), which is crucial for the management of crop residue and mineral fertilizer application in Chinese milk vetch - rice rotation system in southern China. 【Method】A pot experiment was conducted with seven treatments, including CK (no exogenous C and N addition), rice straw (Rs) plus various rates of N inputs (Rs, RsN1 and RsN2, corresponding to C/N ratios of 66, 25 and 13, respectively), and glucose (Glc) addition plus different N rates (Glc, GlcN1, and GlcN2) with same C quantity and C/N ratios in Rs-included treatments. Soils were sampled during the fast-growing phase of Chinese milk vetch, and destined for characterization of nifH gene marker and diazotroph community by using the Illumina Miseq PE300 sequencing and PCR techniques.【Result】Soil C/N ratios were similar between the CK and the treatments with straw or glucose addition alone, while tended to decrease with increasing N input, and significant decrease was observed in the GlcN2 relative to CK. Regarding to the available nutrients, comparable soil NO3--N contents were observed under treatments of CK, Rs, and RsN1, but it was significantly increased by 60% under the RsN2 treatment. Compared to the CK, Glc-included treatments increased soil NO3--N content by 35%-79%. There were limited variations of soil available phosphorous (P) content under the CK and Rs-included treatments. 16%-24% decrease of soil available P content was found in the Glc-included treatments than that under CK, but not affected by N rates. The copy number of nifH gene ranged from 80.4×10 6—140.5×10 6 g -1soil under all treatments. Compared to the CK, nifH gene copy number tended to increase under treatments with both Rs and Glc addition, while a downward trend was observed with increasing N inputs. Exogenous C and N addition resulted in an overall decrease of diazotroph α-diversity than that under the CK. The responses of diazotroph α-diversity to N supply differed between C sources (Rs vs. Glc). Compared to Rs alone, RsN1 and RsN2 had less observed species (decreased by 6%-11%) and Chao 1 index (decreased by 13%-15%), however, GlcN1 and GlcN2 enhanced α-diversity to some extent relative to Glc alone. PCoA showed that diazotroph community structure was clustered into different groups depending upon C sources, and was marginally affected by N inputs. Bradyrhizobium was the most abundant genus in all treatments, and its relative abundance was significantly reduced by C and N addition in comparison with CK, however, the magnitude of reduction was obviously less in Rs-included treatments than in Glc-included treatments (12.3%-19.7% vs. 31.6%-40.5%). In contrasting to Bradyrhizobium, the relative abundance of the second most dominant genus (Geobacter) was markedly increased by C addition relative to the CK, with greater magnitude observed in Glc-included vs. Rs-included treatments (by 170%-270% vs. 25.0%-54.6%, respectively). Meanwhile, Multivariate regression tree analysis, RDA, and Mantel analysis revealed that the diazotroph abundance, diversity and community structure were closely associated with soil NO3--N and available P concentrations. 【Conclusion】The results suggested that effects of N supply on soil diazotroph abundance, diversity and structure were regulated by C sources or the C availability of rice straw and glucose amendments. Meanwhile, the resulted differences of soil available P availability by various C additions might be a key driving factor of reshaping soil diazotroph community during Chinese milk vetch growth. Keywords:soil diazotroph;rice straw;glucose;nitrogen;Chinese milk vetch;nifH
PDF (1393KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 杨璐, 曾闹华, 白金顺, 周兴, 周国朋, 高嵩涓, 聂军, 曹卫东. 紫云英季土壤固氮微生物对外源碳氮投入的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(1): 105-116 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.010 YANG Lu, ZENG NaoHua, BAI JinShun, ZHOU Xing, ZHOU GuoPeng, GAO SongJuan, NIE Jun, CAO WeiDong. Responses of Soil Diazotroph Community to Rice Straw, Glucose and Nitrogen Addition During Chinese Milk Vetch Growth[J]. Scientia Acricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(1): 105-116 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.01.010
Table 1 表1 表1各处理外源有机物料及氮磷钾添加量(每盆装10 kg风干土) Table 1Amounts of exogenous addition of organic materials and mineral nutrients for each treatment (10 kg air dried soil in each pot)
Table 2 表2 表2外源C、N添加对紫云英快速生长期土壤理化性状的影响 Table 2Effects of exogenous C and N addition on soil physicochemical properties at fast growing stage of Chinese milk vetch
处理 Treatment
pH
有机质 SOM (g·kg-1)
全氮 TN (g·kg-1)
C/N
NO3--N (mg·kg-1)
NH4+-N (mg·kg-1)
速效磷 AP (mg·kg-1)
速效钾 AK (mg·kg-1)
CK
7.93±0.02ab
34.04±0.17b
2.13±0.02bc
11.05±0.11abc
4.56±0.69b
1.02±0.16b
20.90±0.39a
118.52±3.91a
Rs
7.99±0.04a
34.54±0.30ab
2.11±0.03c
11.29±0.13ab
4.42±0.73b
1.14±0.09ab
20.98±0.31a
118.87±4.80a
RsN1
7.97±0.02a
34.78±0.24ab
2.11±0.03c
11.34±0.16a
4.70±0.53b
1.42±0.13a
21.88±0.98a
109.91±3.39ab
RsN2
7.94±0.02ab
35.07±0.34a
2.23±0.03a
10.80±0.20cd
7.29±0.96a
1.34±0.12ab
20.30±0.86a
102.85±4.51b
Glc
7.89±0.03b
34.95±0.21a
2.20±0.02abc
10.94±0.09bcd
6.15±0.62ab
1.27±0.05ab
17.43±0.36b
118.36±2.53a
GlcN1
7.97±0.02a
35.02±0.15a
2.21±0.04ab
10.89±0.18cd
8.16±0.85a
1.20±0.02ab
17.33±0.67b
114.86±2.25a
GlcN2
7.93±0.02ab
34.87±0.43ab
2.26±0.04a
10.64±0.15d
7.06±0.43a
1.28±0.20ab
15.93±0.23b
110.19±3.77ab
表格中表格数据为平均值 ± 标准误,n = 4;同一列不同字母表示处理之间差异显著(P<0.05) Data are means ± SE, n=4. Means with no letter in common are significantly different among treatments at P<0.05 level
Table 3 表3 表3外源碳、氮添加对土壤固氮微生物nifH基因拷贝数及α-多样性的影响 Table 3Diazotroph nifH gene copy number and α-diversity as affected by rice straw, glucose, and nitrogen addition
处理 Treatment
nifH 基因拷贝数 nifH Copy number (×106·g-1 soil)
物种数目 Observed species
Chao 1指数 Chao 1 value
香农指数 Shannon index
CK
80.4±7.7b
1506±41ab
1958±62b
8.30±0.09a
Rs
140.5±33.3ab
1557±21a
2101±34a
8.42±0.02a
RsN1
120.3±20.1ab
1456±39bcd
1838±60bc
8.29±0.09a
RsN2
114.5±24.6ab
1383±12d
1783±41c
8.17±0.05ab
Glc
167.8±16.5a
1420±13cd
1915±21b
7.98±0.17b
GlcN1
116.2±28.2ab
1439±10bcd
1904±16bc
8.20±0.07ab
GlcN2
119.7±26.4ab
1483±35abc
1934±41b
8.38±0.08a
数据为平均值±标准误(n = 4)。图中不同字母表示各处理之间差异显著(P<0.05) Data are means±SE (n=4). Means with no letter in common indicate significant differences among treatments (P<0.05)
Fig. 3Diazotroph community structure assessed by principal coordinate analysis (A) and redundancy analysis (B) of the structure affected by soil physicochemical variables
本研究中PCoA结果表明,土壤固氮微生物群落因添加碳源不同(葡萄糖、秸秆)而聚集为不同组别(图3-A)。通常,革兰氏阳性菌倾向于利用相对复杂的碳底物[37],而革兰氏阴性菌则喜好利用简单结构的碳源[38]。葡萄糖较秸秆是一种更容易利用的C源,更容易被微生物吸收利用,微生物对其响应也可能更为敏感。与对照(CK)比较,葡萄糖添加处理Bradyrhizobium相对丰度平均降低了35.8%,降低幅度明显大于添加秸秆处理(15.3%);而第二优势菌属Geobcter相对丰度的增加幅度却远远大于秸秆添加处理(124.8% vs. 26.7%);同时,秸秆添加有增加Ectothiorhodospira相对丰度的趋势,而葡萄糖添加则表现为降低。其他研究也发现厌氧固氮菌对葡萄糖和纤维素的响应不一致[21],进一步表明秸秆和葡萄糖添加后,由于二者所含碳水化合物结构复杂程度悬殊,导致碳源有效性明显不同,进而影响土壤固氮微生物群落结构和组成。
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