架式和新梢间距对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质的影响

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冀晓昊, 刘凤之, 史祥宾, 王宝亮, 刘培培, 王海波^,中国农业科学院果树研究所/农业部园艺作物种质资源利用重点实验室/辽宁省落叶果树矿质营养与肥料高效利用重点实验室,辽宁兴城 125100

The Effects of Different Training Systems and Shoot Spacing on the Fruit Quality of ‘Kyoho’ Grape

JI XiaoHao, LIU FengZhi, SHI XiangBin, WANG BaoLiang, LIU PeiPei, WANG HaiBo^,Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources Utilization of Horticultural Crops/Key Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition and Efficient Fertilization for Deciduous Fruits, Xingcheng 125100, Liaoning

通讯作者: 王海波,Tel：13591963796;E-mail： haibo8316@163.com

收稿日期:2018-08-1接受日期:2018-10-31网络出版日期:2019-04-01

基金资助:

国家科技支撑计划.2014BAD16B05-2
国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项.nycytx-29-zp
中国农业科学院创新工程.CAAS- ASTIP-2015-RIP-04
农业部“948”重点项目.2011-G28

Received:2018-08-1Accepted:2018-10-31Online:2019-04-01
作者简介 About authors
冀晓昊,Tel：13610890936;E-mail： jixiaohao2006@163.com。

摘要
【目的】探明架式和新梢间距对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质的影响,为‘巨峰’葡萄叶幕分布标准化管理提供理论依据。【方法】以6年生‘贝达’砧‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,采用Y型架和龙干型水平架两种架式,通过定梢绳控制新梢间距分别为10、15和20 cm,研究架式和新梢间距对成熟期‘巨峰’葡萄单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、花青苷和香气等果实品质的影响。【结果】单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和维生素C含量仅与架式存在显著性相关,而与新梢间距不存在显著性相关,花青苷含量与架式和新梢间距均存在显著性相关;香气总含量与架式存在显著性相关,而与新梢间距不存在显著性相关,其中醛类、醇类和萜烯类香气物质含量与香气总含量规律一致,而酯类香气物质含量仅与新梢间距存在一定相关性;对6个处理的单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、花青苷、酯类、醛类、萜烯类和醇类香气含量等9个指标进行Topsis综合评价分析,结果表明水平架配合新梢间距15 cm得分最高。【结论】建议‘巨峰’葡萄在生产中采用斜干水平龙干型配合水平叶幕,定梢绳间距15 cm。
关键词： 架式;新梢间距;葡萄;果实品质

Abstract

【Objective】The aim of this study was to ascertain the effects of different training systems and shoot spacing on the fruit quality of Kyoho grape and provide the theoretical guidance for the canopy management of Kyoho grape. 【Method】 The experimental materials were six-year-old vines of Kyoho grape using Beta grape as rootstock. Two different training systems, including horizontal shoot positioning and Y-shaped training system, were applied. The distance between the shoots was 10 cm, 15 cm and 20 cm controlled by the rope, respectively. Fruit quality indexes, such as berry weight, soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin C, anthocyanin and aroma, were determined at maturity stage. 【Result】 Berry weight, soluble solids, titratable acid and vitamin C contents were significantly correlated with the training systems, but not significantly correlated with the shoot spacing. The anthocyanin content was significantly correlated with training systems and shoot spacing. The total aroma content was significantly correlated with the training systems, but not significantly correlated with the shoot spacing. Among them, the content of aldehydes, alcohols and terpenes was consistent with the total aroma content, while the content of esters was only correlated with the shoot spacing. The Topsis comprehensive evaluation analysis was conducted for 9 indicators including berry weight, soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin C, anthocyanin, ester, aldehyde, terpene and alcohol contents, and the result showed that horizontal shoot positioning training system combining with 15 cm shoot spacing scored the highest. 【Conclusion】 These data strongly suggested that horizontal shoot positioning training system combining with 15 cm shoot spacing was the most suitable for Kyoho grape production.

Keywords：trainings system;shoot spacing;grape;fruit quality

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本文引用格式
冀晓昊, 刘凤之, 史祥宾, 王宝亮, 刘培培, 王海波. 架式和新梢间距对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(7): 1164-1172 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.004
JI XiaoHao, LIU FengZhi, SHI XiangBin, WANG BaoLiang, LIU PeiPei, WANG HaiBo. The Effects of Different Training Systems and Shoot Spacing on the Fruit Quality of ‘Kyoho’ Grape[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(7): 1164-1172 doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.07.004

0 引言

【研究意义】葡萄是木质藤本植物,生产上必须采用一定的架式为其枝蔓生长提供支撑。枝蔓在架面上的分布称为叶幕（新梢）分布。架式和叶幕（新梢）分布共同影响葡萄光能利用率和果实微环境,进而影响果实品质,开展架式和叶幕分布研究对葡萄生产具有重要的指导意义。【前人研究进展】架式对葡萄光合特性、微环境、产量和品质的影响,国内外****已经进行了大量的研究。在20世纪20年代,国外****提出架式对葡萄叶片光环境具有重要影响,认为葡萄有效光照叶面积越大,遮光叶面积越小,碳同化效率最高,果实品质最好^[1]。国外葡萄架式主要是Head/cane、Head/spur、Cordon/cane和Cordon/spur 4种体系^[1]。目前,多种国外主栽葡萄品种,如维尼奥莱（Vignoles）^[2]、钱瑟勒（Chancellor）^[3]、雷司令（Riesling）^[4,5]、黑比诺（Pinot noir）^[6]、丹魄（Tempranillo）^[7]、塔明内（Traminett）^[8,9]、维欧尼（Viognier）^[10]、普里米蒂沃（Primitivo）^[11]和阿尔巴里诺（Albari?o）^[12]等,已经开展了不同架式对葡萄和葡萄酒品质的研究。我国葡萄生产上采用的架式主要分为篱架和棚架^[13,14]。国内****在巨峰^[15]、红地球^[16,17]、夏黑^[18,19]、玫瑰香^[20]、无核白^[21]、弗雷无核^[22]、紫香无核^[23]、京蜜^[24]、赤霞珠^[25,26]和北冰红^[27]等主要葡萄品种上也已经开展了不同架式对叶片光合特性、叶幕微环境、产量和果实品质影响的研究,均发现架式能够显著影响葡萄和葡萄酒的品质。【本研究切入点】前人对架式的研究仅仅关注架式本身,而没有考虑新梢在架面的分布。笔者课题组建议在架面上绑定梢绳,新梢缠绕在定梢绳上,是规范化叶幕管理的有效手段,便于葡萄的标准化生产,而新梢间距（定梢绳间距）与葡萄的果实品质的相关性也有待研究。【拟解决的关键问题】本研究以6年生‘贝达’砧‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,采用北方地区常用的Y型架和龙干型架两种架式,设置不同新梢间距,分析成熟期葡萄单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、花青苷和香气等果实品质指标与架式和新梢间距的相关性,并确定适于‘巨峰’葡萄生产的最优叶幕管理方案。

1 材料与方法

试验于2016—2017年在中国农业科学院果树研究所进行。

1.1 试验材料

试材为6年生‘贝达’砧‘巨峰’葡萄,Y型架行株距为4.0 m×0.7 m,斜干水平龙干形配合V形叶幕;水平架行株距为4.0 m×0.7 m,斜干水平龙干形配合水平叶幕。树势中等,树盘覆盖黑色地膜,行间自然生草,田间土肥水和病虫害防治同常规。花果管理采取留5.5 cm穗尖的花穗整形方式,花满开前2—3 d至花满开后2—3 d用25 mg·L^-1赤霉素处理1次,隔10—15 d再处理一次。每个新梢最多留1串果,控制产量在1 500 kg/667 m²。副梢均留一叶摘心。

1.2 试验处理

试验共设6个处理：处理1：Y型架配合新梢间距10 cm（简称V-10）;处理2：Y型架配合新梢间距15 cm（简称V-15）;处理3：Y型架配合新梢间距20 cm（简称V-20）;处理4：水平架配合新梢间距10 cm（简称L-10）;处理5：水平架配合新梢间距15 cm（简称L-15）;处理6：水平架配合新梢间距20 cm（简称L-20）。每小区3株树,3次重复,完全随机区组排列。

1.3 果实品质测定

于2016年和2017年果实成熟期（9月15日）采集果实,每处理随机剪取30个果穗,然后从果穗的上、中、下3个部位随机采集果粒180粒,用于测定单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、花青苷含量和香气含量。

单粒重的测定使用百分之一电子天平,每10粒为一组,共测定10组;可溶性固形物的测定采用数显折光仪,每30个果粒为一组,共3组,分别用匀浆机打浆,用于可溶性固形物的测定;可滴定酸含量的测定使用电位滴定仪,取10 g果浆,加入蒸馏水定容至50 mL,混匀后取30 mL匀浆进行电位滴定,可滴定酸含量按照酒石酸计,计算公式为：

可滴定酸度（%）=$\frac{C\times V \times 0.075(酒石酸)}{V0}\times \frac{50}{m}\times 100$

其中,C：氢氧化钠的浓度;V：滴定时所消耗的氢氧化钠的体积;V0：吸取滴定用的样液体积;m：样品质量;50：提取液的定容体积。

维生素C含量的测定采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚电位滴定法,称取10个果粒,加入等量的2%草酸溶液,用榨汁机进行匀浆,取30 g匀浆,用1%草酸溶液定容至100 mL,取30 mL溶液用已经标定的2,6-二氯靛酚溶液进行电位滴定,计算公式为：

每百克样品中抗坏血酸毫克数=(V×T)/W×100

其中,V：滴定时所耗去染料溶液的量（mL）;T：l mL染料溶液相当于抗坏血酸标准溶液的量（mg）;W：滴定时所取的滤液中含样品的量（g）。

花青苷含量的测定参照冀晓昊等^[28]的方法,香气含量的测定参照张克坤等^[29]的方法。

1.4 数据分析

试验数据为两年数据的平均值,采用SPSS 20.0进行Tukey方差分析和相关性分析。Topsis分析采用DPS7.5软件。

2 结果

2.1 不同处理对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质的影响

由表1可以看出,6个处理之间的单粒重、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量和花青苷含量均存在差异。由表2可以看出,单粒重、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量和维生素C含量仅与架式存在显著性相关,而与新梢间距不存在显著性相关,花青苷含量与架式和新梢间距均存在显著性相关。结合表1和表2可以看出,水平架生产的葡萄单粒重更大,水平架配合20 cm新梢间距单粒重最大;水平架生产的葡萄可溶性固形物含量更高,水平架配合新梢间距10 cm可溶性固形物含量最高;水平架生产的葡萄可滴定酸含量更低,水平架配合15 cm新梢间距可滴定酸含量最低;Y型架生产的葡萄维生素C含量优于水平架,Y形架配合15 cm新梢间距葡萄维生素C含量最高;Y型架生产的葡萄花青苷含量优于水平架,Y形架配合20 cm新梢间距葡萄花青苷含量最高。

Table 1
表1
表1不同处理对‘巨峰’葡萄果实品质的影响
Table 1Effect of training system and shoot spacing on Kyoho berry parameters at harvest

	V-10	V-15	V-20	L-10	L-15	L-20
单粒重 Berry weight (g)	9.42±0.49ab	8.24±0.19a	9.42±0.36ab	9.74±0.22b	9.57±0.21b	10.57±0.81b
可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content (%)	16.8±0.36a	16.6±0.18a	16.3±0.46a	17.9±0.51b	17.6±0.40b	17.6±0.53b
可滴定酸含量 Titrable acidity (%)	0.55±0.03ab	0.54±0.02ab	0.60±0.06b	0.55±0.03ab	0.50±0.02a	0.52±0.03a
维生素C含量 Vitamin C content (mg·kg^-1)	24.99±0.11bc	27.44±0.05d	23.20±0.10b	26.12±0.05cd	24.82±0.10a	21.09±0.03a
花青苷含量 Anthocyanin content (mg·g^-1)	2.45±0.24ab	3.80±1.10bc	5.16±1.10c	1.47±0.35a	1.67±0.29a	2.00±0.14ab

Different letters indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05. The same as below
不同小写字母表示在0.05水平存在显著性差异。下同

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Table 2
表2
表2架式和新梢间距与果实品质的相关性分析
Table 2Correlation analysis between different treatments and fruit quality

	架式 Training system	新梢间距 Shoot spacing
单粒重 Berry weight	0.546*	-0.053
可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solid content	0.712**	0.026
可滴定酸含量 Titrable acidity	-0.658**	0.662
维生素C含量 Vitamin C content	-0.525*	-0.369
花青苷含量 Anthocyanin content	-0.867**	0.843**

*Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level; ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. The same as below
*表示在0.05水平上显著相关;**表示在0.01水平上显著相关。下同

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2.2 不同处理对‘巨峰’葡萄果实香气组分含量的影响

由表3可以看出,在成熟期‘巨峰’葡萄果实中共检测到41种香气组分,主要可以分为酯类、醛类、醇类和萜烯类等4大类。乙酸乙酯是‘巨峰’葡萄含量最高的香气组分,其次是2-己烯醛、丁酸乙酯、己酸乙酯和甲酸己酯等。由图1可以看出,成熟期‘巨峰’葡萄果实酯类香气物质含量最高,其次是醛类香气物质,醇类和萜烯类香气物质含量较少,不同处理之间均表现出差异。相关性分析表明（表4）,香气总含量、醛类含量、醇类含量和萜烯类含量与架式显著性相关,表现为Y型架高于水平架,而与新梢间距相关性不强;酯类含量与架式没有显著相关性,与新梢间距有一定的相关性,表现为新梢间距越大,酯类香气物质含量略高。

Table 3
表3
表3不同处理对‘巨峰’葡萄果实香气的影响
Table 3Effects of training system and shoot spacing on Kyoho berry volatile aroma

保留时间Retention time (min)	组分含量 Constituent content (ng·g^-1 FW)						组分名称 Aroma component
保留时间Retention time (min)	V-10	V-15	V-20	L-10	L-15	L-20	组分名称 Aroma component
2.215	1344.41±294.13a	1174.55±113.31a	1287.89±86.25a	1042.11±47.52a	1387.36±154.17a	1236.74±63.24a	乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate
5.229	543.26±88.27c	411.65±75.78bc	416.43±44.61bc	175.45±36.34a	200.82±23.16a	277.23±54.1ab	丁酸乙酯 Ethyl butyrate
6.826	53.84±11.83c	40.13±11.72bc	47.78±10.32c	11.81±3.35a	39.8±2.28bc	23.3±2.56ab	2-丁烯酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-butenoate
7.056	839.51±60.72d	723.92±92.77cd	517.88±31.86bc	212.56±63.38a	140.9±6.32a	329.62±137.45ab	2-己烯醛 2-Hexenal
7.791	127.42±13.14cd	138.79±24.8d	120.28±22.61cd	47.27±10.97a	72.29±3.9ab	93.12±5.75bc	甲酸己酯 Hexyl formate
9.342	9.17±3.99abc	6.7±0.69ab	12.69±1.54c	4.71±1.57a	11.34±1.26bc	8±0.93abc	戊酸乙酯 Ethyl valerate
10.694	7.35±1.64ab	9.53±3.66b	5.59±1.41ab	3.93±1.36a	3.96±0.92a	3.65±0.78a	α-蒎烯 α-Pinene
11.161	6.75±3.19ab	5.91±3.14ab	6.6±3.02ab	0.67±0.42a	9.13±3.56b	1.79±1.24ab	3-羟基丁酸乙酯 Ethyl 3-hydroxybutyrate
11.351	13.63±3.77c	5.67±1.22ab	8.75±0.74b	2.79±0.22a	6.83±0.6ab	4.11±0.5a	惕各酸乙酯 Ethyl phthalate
12.339	7.95±1.71b	7.48±0.76b	8.57±0.59b	4.53±0.46a	4.35±0.45a	4.3±0.32a	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde
13.075	3.56±0.38c	5.59±0.47d	3.06±0.09bc	2.6±0.28ab	2.02±0.2a	1.98±0.09a	β-蒎烯 β-Pinene
13.724	3.56±1.38b	6.23±0.47c	5.22±0.66bc	1.52±0.08a	1.73±0.2a	1.57±0.06a	1-辛烯-3-醇 1-Octene-3-ol
14.341	12.18±1.85b	15.21±0.96c	12.94±1.13bc	10.36±1.15b	4.49±0.16a	11.63±0.11b	己酸 Caproic acid
14.72	4.62±0.91c	5.17±0.99c	2.59±0.25b	0.39±0.21a	1.4±0.19ab	1.4±0.03ab	2,4-庚二烯醛 2,4-Heptadienal
14.989	162.43±18bc	103.28±25.18ab	240.46±16.12d	92.47±39.22a	197.58±8.88ab	170.57±24.69c	己酸乙酯 Ethyl hexanoate
15.986	6.06±2.11cd	4.98±1.08bc	3.99±0.44bc	0.68±0.1a	8.12±0.48d	2.4±0.11ab	乙酸己酯 Hexyl acetate
16.12	11.89±2.08d	10.46±0.63cd	7.08±0.77bc	3.54±0.59a	7.6±1.81bc	5.4±0.58ab	2-己烯-1-醇乙酸酯 2-Hexen-1-ol acetate
16.413	7.8±2.97b	8.59±2.17b	3.64±2.26a	2.32±0.57a	3.39±0.86a	2.69±0.04a	柠檬烯 Limonene
16.635	0.87±0.05b	1±0.03c	1.28±0.23c	0.45±0.01a	1.17±0.26c	0.53±0.09a	桉油精 Eucalyptol
16.99	1.74±0.15bc	3.38±0.61d	2.51±0.38cd	1.34±0.05ab	3.13±0.53d	0.7±0.09a	苯甲醇 Benzyl alcohol
17.473	18.19±7.43bc	26.77±7.81c	11.39±1.11ab	10.68±1.53ab	4.29±0.08a	6.48±0.68ab	苯乙醛 Phenylacetaldehyde
17.86	17.01±2.9bc	15.92±5.17bc	25.11±2.27c	9.93±6.4a	13.56±0.47ab	13.46±2.62ab	2-己烯酸乙酯 Ethyl 2-hexenoate
19.474	1.46±0.33c	1.49±0.1c	1.64±0.12c	0.81±0.1ab	0.99±0.06b	0.52±0.11c	2-辛烯-1-醇 2-Octene-1-ol
21.183	2.74±0.59c	2.36±0.53bc	2.91±0.42c	1.08±0.3a	2.32±0.05bc	1.33±0.12ab	2,4-己二烯酸乙酯 Ethyl 2,4-hexadienoate
21.523	9.65±1.64bc	6.36±2.48ab	7.54±0.19ab	3.91±1.31a	12.34±0.82c	5.01±0.85a	庚酸乙酯 Ethyl heptanoate
保留时间Retention time (min)	组分含量 Constituent content (ng·g^-1 FW)						组分名称 Aroma component
保留时间Retention time (min)	V-10	V-15	V-20	L-10	L-15	L-20	组分名称 Aroma component
21.776	5.53±0.59ab	8.94±0.57c	6.64±0.57b	5.99±0.45ab	5.32±0.06a	5.94±0.42ab	壬醛 Nonanal
22.211	18.54±1.28a	45.98±6.11b	42.62±5.16b	17.7±2.59a	9.83±1.31a	15.67±2.31a	苯乙醇 Phenylethanol
23.888	3.91±0.66c	4.5±0.33c	4.16±0.39c	2.33±0.3b	1.21±0.35a	2.16±0.13ab	苄基腈 Benzyl nitrile
26.379	2.72±0.19b	3.01±0.5bc	3.75±0.46c	1.7±0.36a	2.52±0.29ab	1.71±0.07a	萜品烯 Terpinene
27.32	0.44±0.06bc	0.69±0.12d	0.64±0.02cd	0.16±0.04a	1.63±0.1e	0.28±0.08ab	丁二酸二乙酯 Diethyl succinate
27.471	2.38±0.2b	4.49±0.57c	2.37±0.28b	0.2±0.07a	1.73±0.21b	0.25±0a	水杨酸甲酯 Methyl salicylate
27.629	2.49±1.34bc	1.9±0.26b	2.46±0.3bc	0.44±0.19a	3.76±0.24b	1±0.34a	4-辛烯酸乙酯 Ethyl 4-octenoate
28.246	12.29±4.49ab	16.94±7.36ab	12.36±1.29ab	9.43±3.14a	20.63±1.8b	10.06±3.1ab	辛酸乙酯 Ethyl octanoate
28.665	0.91±0.09a	1.31±0.23ab	1.08±0.09ab	0.92±0.15a	1.46±0.23b	0.9±0.15a	癸醛 Capraldehyde
30.279	2.56±0.83bc	1.83±0.38b	3.25±0.51c	0.28±0.04a	1.26±0.68ab	0.27±0.09a	香茅醇 Citronellol
31.165	18.29±1.55b	17.98±6.24b	17.33±0.6b	5.55±0.84a	5.56±1.08a	7.41±0.47a	苯乙酸乙酯 Phenylacetate
31.497	2.95±1.29b	1.75±0.43ab	2.33±0.31ab	1.03±0.35a	2.39±0.23ab	0.98±0.11a	2-辛烯酸乙酯 Ethyl trans-2-octenoate
34.811	1.45±0.31b	2.33±0.52c	1.37±0.18ab	1.34±0.11ab	2.98±0.31c	0.59±0.06a	壬酸乙酯 Ethyl pelargonate
40.079	0.72±0.22ab	1.18±0.28b	1.03±0.18b	0.34±0.06a	2.15±0.15c	0.39±0.07a	4-癸烯酸乙酯 Ethyl 4-decenoate
41.115	2.95±0.69ab	2.24±0.03a	4.24±0.57b	5.92±0.65c	2.63±0.42a	2.92±0.41ab	癸酸乙酯 Ethyl caprate
45.616	3.09±0.47bc	4.73±0.76cd	5.54±0.55d	1.29±0.32a	4.13±0.93cd	1.57±0.36ab	2,4-癸二烯酸乙酯 Ethyl 2,4-decadienoate

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图1

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图1四类香气物质含量分析

同组不同小写字母表示在P<0.05水平存在显著性差异
Fig. 1Analysis of the contents of four aroma substances

Different letters in the same group indicate significant differences among treatments at P<0.05

2.3 Topsis评价

Topsis综合评价法是一种多目标决策方法,其基本思路是定义决策问题的理想解和负理想解,然后在可行方案中找到一个方案,使其与理想解的距离最近,而与负理想解的距离最远,适用于本研究最优架式和新梢间距的确定。为此,本研究对6个处理单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、花青苷、酯类香气、醛类香气、萜烯类香气和醇类香气含量进行Topsis分析（表5）,其中可滴定酸含量高,葡萄口感偏酸,不受消费者欢迎;醛类香气产生青草味,会掩盖酯类和萜烯类香气物质产生的果香味,因此,这两个指标作为低优指标,其余指标均为高优指标。经相关专家讨论,基于产量的重要性和糖酸含量给消费者直观的感官体验,单粒重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量的权重均设为最高值1。维生素C和花青苷含量并不是大多数消费者关注的品质指标,权重均设为0.1。‘巨峰’葡萄香气物质组分众多,可以分为酯类、醛类、萜烯类和醇类4大类,其中酯类、萜烯类和醇类物质具有令人愉悦的花果香味,而醛类物质主要是青草味,会掩盖酯类、萜烯类和醇类物质的果香味。基于花果香味浓郁更受消费者欢迎,本研究将酯类、萜烯类、醇类和醛类香气物质的权重分别设置为0.2、0.2、0.2和0.15。最终,按照CI指标进行排序,水平架配合新梢间距15 cm得分最高,是‘巨峰’葡萄最优的叶幕管理方案。

Table 5
表5
表5Topsis评价分析结果
Table 5Topsis comprehensive evaluation analysis

样本 Treatments	D+	D-	CI	名次 Ranking
V-10	0.1143	0.0912	0.4437	6
V-15	0.1308	0.1073	0.4506	4
V-20	0.1204	0.0978	0.4483	5
L-10	0.1166	0.1025	0.4679	3
L-15	0.1025	0.1264	0.552	1
L-20	0.1093	0.1245	0.5325	2

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3 讨论

架式是葡萄生产者首先要考虑的问题,生产上常用的葡萄架式众多,比如单篱架、双篱架、大棚架、小棚架、柱架和漏斗架等^[13]。架式决定了葡萄叶幕分布,影响葡萄光合特性,最终影响葡萄果实品质。单粒重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量是葡萄果实品质的重要指标,也是众多葡萄架式研究者关注的果实品质指标。REYNOLDS等^[3,4,5]在‘雷司令’（Riesling）上的研究表明架式对单粒重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量均有显著性影响;HOWELL等^[2]、BAEZA等^[7]、单守明等^[16]和XU等^[26]分别在‘维尼奥莱’（Vignoles）‘丹魄’（Tempranillo）‘红地球’（Red Globe）和‘赤霞珠’（Cabernet Sauvignon）葡萄上的研究结果也支持这一观点,但ZOECKLEIN等^[10]和BORDELON等^[8]分别在‘维欧尼’（Viognier）和‘塔明内’（Traminett）葡萄上的研究结果表明架式对单粒重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸等果实品质几乎没有影响。本研究结果表明,单粒重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量与架式存在显著性相关,表现为单粒重和可溶性固形物含量水平架高于Y型架,而可滴定酸含量水平架低于Y型架。赵妮等^[19]在设施‘夏黑’葡萄上的研究结果也表明葡萄单粒重和可溶性固形物含量表现为棚架高于篱架。这可能是由于不同架式能够影响葡萄叶片有效光照面积和光合速率。单守明等^[16]也发现L形整形较扇形显著提高了设施‘红提’叶片叶绿素含量、Rubisco活化酶和叶绿体ATPase等酶活性,从而提高了叶片的光合速率。

前人对架式的研究较多地关注架型。张军贤等^[25]研究了单篱架多主蔓扇形整形下新梢留量,即每延长1米架面留新梢个数,结果表明随新梢留量的增加还原糖含量呈降低趋势,而含酸量与还原糖变化趋势相反。本研究通过在架面绑定梢绳,能保证新梢在架面上均匀分布,更好地控制叶片照光面积,是规范化叶幕管理的有效手段,便于葡萄的标准化生产。本研究结果表明,单粒重、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量与新梢间距并不存在显著性相关,但花青苷含量与新梢间距和架式均存在显著性相关,表现为Y型架高于水平架,新梢间距越大,花青苷含量越高。这可能与花青苷作为次生代谢产物,其合成受光照条件显著影响有关^[30]。Y型架的光照条件优于水平架,新梢间距越大,果穗的光照条件也越好。

香气是重要的感官品质指标,影响葡萄和葡萄酒的品质。鲜食葡萄香气类型主要有草莓香型（酯类香气物质含量丰富）和玫瑰香型（萜烯类香气物质含量丰富）等。‘巨峰’葡萄是典型的草莓香型,本研究也发现‘巨峰’葡萄酯类香气物质含量远高于醛类、醇类和萜烯类等其他香气物质含量,主要是乙酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯等,这与周建梅等^[31]研究结果一致。架式对葡萄香气品质的影响越来越受到研究者的关注。JI等^[9]研究表明‘塔明内’（Traminett）葡萄的主要香气物质醛类和萜烯类物质均显著受架式的影响,VSP（Vertically shoot positioned）架式优于SH（Scott Henry）、SD（Smart-Dyson）、HC（High cordon）和GDC（Geneva double curtain）架式;FRAGASSO等^[11]认为LT（Little tree）和BG（Bilateral Guyot）架式能够提升‘普里米蒂沃’（Primitivo）葡萄香气积累和葡萄酒的感官品质;XU等^[26]研究发现M-VSP（Modified vertical shoot positioned）、F-TT（Fan training system with two trunks）和F-MT（Fan training system with multiple trunks）对‘赤霞珠’葡萄不饱和脂肪酸含量、C6和C9挥发性香气物质含量和脂氧合酶代谢途径关键基因表达都有影响;史祥宾等^[24]研究认为V形叶幕更有利于设施‘京蜜’葡萄香气品质形成,果实香气较直立叶幕和水平叶幕更浓郁;VILANOVA等^[12]研究发现‘阿尔巴里诺’（Albari?o）葡萄GDC（Geneva double curtain）架式条件下总香气含量最高,而萜烯类和C13-降异戊二烯含量在SH（Scott Henry）架式下最高。本研究表明架式对‘巨峰’葡萄香气总含量及组分含量的影响大于新梢间距,Y型架略高于水平架,这可能与脂氧合酶代谢途径关键基因表达差异有关,具体有待深入研究。

Topsis评价法是对多指标进行综合评价的一种计算方法,在金融评估、土地利用等方面应用较多,但在农业领域应用较少。韩晓等^[32,33]研究表明该方法对葡萄品种设施环境适应性和葡萄砧穗组合环境适应性的评价中优于熵值法、主成分分析法等其他综合评价法。本研究利用Topsis法对6个处理单粒重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、花青苷、酯类香气、醛类香气、萜烯类香气和醇类香气含量进行了综合评价,结果表明水平架配合新梢间距15 cm得分最高,说明水平架配合新梢间距15 cm是‘巨峰’葡萄最优的叶幕管理方案。

4 结论

架式和新梢间距对‘巨峰’葡萄单粒重、可溶性固形物、花青苷和香气含量等果实品质具有显著性影响。架面设置定梢绳是规范化叶幕管理的有效手段,建议‘巨峰’葡萄生产中采用斜干水平龙干形配合水平叶幕,定梢绳间距15 cm。

（责任编辑赵伶俐）

参考文献原文顺序
文献年度倒序
文中引用次数倒序
被引期刊影响因子

[1]

REYNOLDS A

, HEUVEL

J E V

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Training a grapevine involves a manipulation of vine form. The type of training may lead to differences in total leaf area and the percentage of leaf area well-exposed to light. Consequently, the ability for a grapevine to photosynthesize efficiently depends upon its training system and the accompanying light microclimate of its leaves. In addition to altering the light microclimate of the cano...

[2]

HOWELL G

, MILLER D

, EDSON C

, STRIEGLER R

. Influence of training system and pruning severity on yield, vine size, and fruit composition of vignoles grapevines
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DOI:10.1016/0304-4238(91)90102-5 URL [本文引用: 2]

Vignoles grapevines were trained to four training systems: (1) high cordon - a bilateral cordon at the top wire (1.8 m); (2) low cordon - a bilateral cordon at the bottom wire (1.0 m); (3) high head - a head with the trunk maintained at or just below the top wire; and (4) low head - a low head with the trunk maintained at or just above the bottom wire. In addition, three pruning severities were applied (15 + 15, 20 + 20, and 25 + 25). Data were collected over a seven-year period from 1983 through 1989. The vines were evaluated for yield, vine size maintenance, fruit quality, winter damage, and vine canopy characteristics. Vines trained to the high cordon system were superior to other training systems in yield and the equivalent or better than other systems with relation to vine size and fruit maturity indices. Tentatively, we propose that crop may be controlled via a linear pruning severity of 15 + 15.

[3]

REYNOLDS A

, WARDLE D

, NAYLOR A

. Impact of training system and vine spacing on vine performance and berry composition of Chancellor
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Own-rooted Seyval blanc vines were subjected to five training treatments [Geneva Double Curtain (GDC); Hudson River Umbrella (HRU); 6-arm Kniffin (6AK); midwire cordon (MWC); Y-trellis (YT)] and three vine spacings (1.4, 1.8, and 2.4 m). Weight of cane prunings (vine size) was lowest in GDC vines and was most optimal in HRU, 6AK, and MWC systems. Increasing vine spacing decreased vine size linearly on a per meter of row basis. Yields of divided canopies (GDC and YT) averaged 42% higher than single curtain systems, but cluster weights, berries per cluster, and berry weights were lower. The GDC system produced fruit with lowest degreeBrix, but also with lowest titratable acidity (TA) and pH and the least percentage of bunch rot. Vine spacing reduced yield linearly with increasing spacing, but it had a limited influence on fruit composition.

[4]

REYNOLDS A

, WARDLE D

, NAYLOR A

. Impact of training system, vine spacing, and basal leaf removal on Riesling. Vine performance, berry composition, canopy microclimate, and vineyard labor requirements
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DOI:10.1007/BF00223387 URL [本文引用: 2]

Own-rooted Riesling vines were subjected, over a five-year period, to five training treatments [alternate double crossarm (ADC); Lenz Moser (LM); low cordon (LC); low-V (LV); pendelbogen (PB)] and three within-row vine spacings (1.4, 1.8, and 2.4 m), with and without basal leaf removal applied to one-half of each vine at approximately 45 days post-bloom. Weight of cane prunings (vine size) was nearly optimal in ADC, LM, and PB systems, but was excessive in the other two training treatments. Increased vine spacing decreased vine size linearly on a per meter of row basis. Canopy density was optimized by ADC and PB training, and these two systems also had the least number of shaded leaves. Both ADC and LV systems tended to have the greatest number of exposed clusters. Yields of divided canopies (ADC and LV) averaged 55% higher than single curtain systems, but cluster weights were lower, and ADC berry weights were also lower. The ADC system produced fruit with lowest 掳Brix, but also with lowest titratable acidity (TA) and pH, and highest free volatile terpene (FVT) and potentially-volatile terpene (PVT) content. Leaf removal consistently reduced TA, canopy density, and shaded leaves, and significantly increased cluster exposure, FVT, and PVT. Vine spacing had a limited influence on yield and fruit composition, but interacted with training system and leaf removal on some components. ADC training led to higher leaf and cluster exposure, and higher cluster temperatures than LC training, with little difference in transpiration rate and leaf water potential. Labor requirements per m of canopy were lowest in ADC vines.

[5]

REYNOLDS A

, WARDLE D

, CLIFF M

, KING

. Impact of training system and vine spacing on vine performance, berry composition, and wine sensory attributes of Riesling
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ABSTRACT A 78-year-old Japanese man who had clinical symptoms and a flu-like illness with fever, chills, diarrhea, and arthralgia had traveled to Cambodia and Khabarovsk, Russia, before the onset of symptoms and illness. He had been bitten by an Ixodes persulcatus tick in which the DNA of Borrelia valaisiana was detected. The patient's symptoms improved rapidly after treatment with minocycline. Serologic examination detected antibodies to Lyme disease Borrelia. An flaB polymerase chain reaction with the patient's plasma amplified a DNA fragment similar to that of B. valaisiana.

[6]

PETERLUNGER

, CELOTTI

, DA DALT

, STEFANELLI

, GOLLINO

, ZIRONI

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ABSTRACT The study examined the effect of four training systems on the adaptation of Pinot noir in the Friuli hills (northeastern Italy). Simple Guyot, double Guyot, horizontal spurred cordon, and vertical spurred cordon were assessed during four years (1992 through 1995). The training systems affected yield but showed little or no impact on grape and wine composition (sugars, grape and wine phenolics). Sensory analysis could not show relevant differences among training systems. Therefore, the selection of training system may be made according to the vineyard management choices and mechanization possibilities.

[7]

BAEZA

, RUIZ

, CUEVAS

, SOTES

, LISSARRAGUE

. Ecophysiological and agronomic response of Tempranillo grapevines to four training systems
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2005,56(2):129-138.

DOI:10.1016/S0065-2164(05)57008-4 [本文引用: 2]

Four grapevine training systems (single curtain, vertical shoot-positioned, high bush, and short bush) were compared for their effects on physiological performance, yield, vegetative growth, and must composition in Vitis vinifera L. cv. Tempranillo in Mediterranean weather conditions. Net CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate were measured at the beginning of bunch closure, veraison, and maturity on fully exposed leaves. At each stage, changes in these values were measured in the morning, at midday, and in the afternoon. Differences in individual leaf responses among treatments were the result of photosynthetically active radiation levels on the outer leaves. Fully exposed leaves of the bush-trained vines had the highest stomatal conductance and transpiration rates and those of the high-bush vines had the highest photosynthetic rates. Grape yield results showed that the vertical shoot-positioned system was the most productive, adjusted for its greater pruning level. Although acceptable grape quality was obtained with all four systems, single curtain and high bush had greater total soluble solids at the expense of lower grape yield.

[8]

BORDELON B

, SKINKIS P

, HOWARD P

. Impact of training system on vine performance and fruit composition of Traminette
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2008,59(1):39-46.

DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2007.09.001 URL [本文引用: 2]

The performance of own-rooted Traminette vines was investigated over a 5-year period on three training systems: high cordon (HC), midwire cordon (MWC), and Scott Henry (SH). Yield, vine size, and canopy density were strongly influenced by training system. Berry composition (soluble solids, pH, titratable acidity and monoterpenes) was only slightly influenced by training system. Vines trained to divided-canopy SH had the highest yield and largest vine size, resulting in 5-year mean crop load (ratio of yield to cane pruning weight) of 7.8, which is at the low end of the generally accepted appropriate range of 8 to 12. Midwire cordon vines were 22% lower yielding, but with similar vine size, resulting in a lower than desired 5-year mean crop load of 6.0. High-cordon vines had moderate yield and vine size, and a 5-yr mean crop load of 8.1. Canopy density as measured by point quadrat analysis differed between training systems. High-cordon vines had dense canopies with four leaf layers, 2% gaps, and less than 20% exposed clusters, while SH and MWC vines had one to two leaf layers, approximately 10% gaps, and 40% exposed clusters. Despite differences in canopy density and crop load ratios, fruit composition at harvest was similar for all training systems.

[9]

, DAMI I

. Characterization of free flavor compounds in Traminette grape and their relationship to vineyard training system and location
Journal of Food Science, 2008,73(4):262-267.

DOI:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2008.00736.x URLPMID:18460120 [本文引用: 2]

ABSTRACT: Free volatile flavor compounds in Traminette grape were characterized and compared to those in benchmark white cultivars by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with headspace solid phase microextraction. In addition, the effects of vineyard site location (hot compared with cool based on growing degree days) and various training systems on yield components, standard characteristics (Brix, pH, and TA), and flavor compounds in Traminette grape juice were also evaluated for 2 seasons. Twenty-two free volatiles were identified in Traminette juice. The most abundant volatile compounds included hexanal, trans -2-hexenal, linalool, nerol, and geraniol. These compounds were quantified and compared with those in Chardonnay, Gew rztraminer, and Riesling juice. The hexanal concentration was the highest in Chardonnay, and trans -2-hexenal concentration was the lowest in Riesling. Traminette contained the highest amount of monoterpenes, especially geraniol. Concentrations of free volatile compounds in Traminette varied between the hot site and the cool site. In fact, the concentrations of 6-carbon aldehydes were higher in Traminette grown in the cool site than those grown in the hot site, whereas monoterpenes were higher in the hot site than in the cool site. Among the 5 training systems, vines on the vertical shoot-positioned produced the highest amount of monoterpenes, specifically geraniol. Our study suggests that Traminette is a flavorful cultivar that contains free volatile flavor compounds similar to the parent Gew眉rztraminer, but at much higher concentrations. The accumulation of odor chemicals in Traminette was affected by vineyard location and training system. Finally, geraniol was the most characteristic odor in Traminette, and its presence can be used as a quality indicator for this cultivar.

[10]

ZOECKLEIN B

, WOLF T

, PELANNE

, MILLER M

, BIRKENMAIER S

. Effect of vertical shoot-positioned, smart-dyson, and geneva double-curtain training systems on viognier grape and wine composition
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2008,59(1):9-10.

DOI:10.1016/SO065-2911(07)53004-3 URL [本文引用: 2]

Viognier grapes grown in northern Virginia and resultant wines were evaluated as a function of training system. Treatments included vertical shoot-positioned (VSP), Smart-Dyson (SD), and Geneva double curtain (GDC), with vines of all treatments spaced 2.4 m apart in 3.0 m wide rows. In addition to increased cluster numbers and crop yield, GDC training generally increased fruit zone sunlight interception and fruit exposure, while it decreased cane pruning weights per meter of cordon, compared with SD and VSP. Crop adjustments were made between bloom and veraison in six seasons, to result in average yields of 10.5 kg/vine (GDC), 9.9 kg/vine (SD), and 6.0 kg/vine (VSP), with the lower SD canopy bearing 30 to 40% less crop than the corresponding upper SD canopy. Crop loads (yield/cane pruning weight) were generally between 4 and 12; GDC crop load approached 20 in three seasons, while SD approached 14 in one. Leaf area per crop ratio was determined one season and exceeded 1.8 m(2)/kg of fruit for all systems. Fruit was harvested at similar Brix values, with differences in berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, and malic and tartaric acids among treatments generally not significant. Volatile compounds were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction GC-MS. Fruit showed consistent differences in linalool, alpha-terpineol, beta-damascenone, and n-hexanol concentrations among training systems. SD had the highest concentration of most free volatiles quantified in both juice and wines, while GDC wines frequently had the highest concentration of phenol-free glycosides. Triangle difference sensory testing demonstrated differences between GDC and SD in wine aroma and flavor and between VSP and SD in flavor. GDC wines generally had higher fruity and floral aromas compared with the other systems.

[11]

FRAGASSO

, ANTONACCI

, PATI

, TUFARIELLO

, BAIANO

, FORLEO L

, CAPUTO A

, NOTTE E

. Influence of training system on volatile and sensory profiles of primitivo grapes and wines
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 2012,63(4):477-486.

DOI:10.5344/ajev.2012.11074 URL [本文引用: 2]

[12]

VILANOVA

, GENISHEVA

, TUBIO

, ALVAREZ

, LISSARRAGUE J

, OLIVEIRA J

. Effect of Vertical Shoot-Positioned, Scott-Henry, Geneva Double-Curtain, Arch-Cane, and Parral training systems on the volatile composition of Albarino wines
Molecules, 2017,22(9):1500.

DOI:10.3390/molecules22091500 URLPMID:28885582 [本文引用: 2]

Viticultural practices influence both grape and wine quality. The influence of training systems on volatile composition was investigated for Albari09o wine from Rías Baixas AOC in Northwest Spain. The odoriferous contribution of the compounds to the wine aroma was also studied. Volatile compounds belonging to ten groups (alcohols, C6-compounds, ethyl esters, acetates, terpenols, C13-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols, volatile fatty acids, lactones and carbonyl compounds) were determined in Albari09o wines from different training systems, Vertical Shoot-Positioned (VSP), Scott-Henry (SH), Geneva Double-Curtain (GDC), Arch-Cane (AC), and Parral (P) during 2010 and 2011 vintages. Wines from GDC showed the highest total volatile composition with the highest concentrations of alcohols, ethyl esters, fatty acids, and lactones families. However, the highest levels of terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids were quantified in the SH system. A fruitier aroma was observed in Albari09o wines from GDC when odor activity values were calculated.

[13]

申艳红, 姜涛, 陈晓静 . 葡萄架式、整形、修剪及特点
中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2007(4):29-32.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7360.2007.04.008 URL [本文引用: 2]

正葡萄整形与修剪在葡萄栽培管理中占较大的工作量,葡萄的架式、整形与修剪三者之间密切相关,是影响葡萄产量和品质的决定因素,因此一直是葡萄种植管理的研究热点。1常用架式及特点[1-3]

SHEN Y

, JIANG

, CHEN X

. Grape training system, shaping, pruning and characteristic
Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine, 2007(4):29-32. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-7360.2007.04.008 URL [本文引用: 2]

正葡萄整形与修剪在葡萄栽培管理中占较大的工作量,葡萄的架式、整形与修剪三者之间密切相关,是影响葡萄产量和品质的决定因素,因此一直是葡萄种植管理的研究热点。1常用架式及特点[1-3]

[14]

李晓梅, 唐晓萍, 董志刚, 谭伟, 于静, 王新平 . 葡萄生产上几种常见架式及其应用
山西果树, 2015(2):36-38.

[本文引用: 1]

LI X

, TANG X

, DONG Z

, TAN

, YU

, WANG X

. Several common training systems and applications in grape production
Shanxi Fruits, 2015(2):36-38. (in Chinese)

[本文引用: 1]

[15]

赵海亮, 赵文东, 孙凌俊, 高圣华, 马丽, 刘晓菊 . 不同架式巨峰葡萄光合特性与叶绿素荧光参数研究
西南农业学报, 2015,28(6):2691-2694.

DOI:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2015.06.063 [本文引用: 1]

以6年生巨峰葡萄为试验材料,研究了不同架式的葡萄光合特性与叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明,立体棚架叶片的净光合速率和叶绿素含量均高于篱架和平棚架,达到极显著差异。在叶绿素荧光参数方面,巨峰葡萄叶片Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo日变化呈"V"字型特征。Fv/Fm在午间明显下降,表明其光合作用受到光抑制,且立体棚架较平棚架和篱架轻;立体棚架Fo日变化幅度低于平棚架和篱架,说明立体棚架PSII反应中心的破坏程度和可逆失活程度轻,有更好的光合特性。

ZHAO H

, ZHAO W

, SUN L

, GAO S

, MA

, LIU X

. Study on photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Kyoho grapes in different trellis
Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2015,28(6):2691-2694. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2015.06.063 [本文引用: 1]

单守明, 平吉成, 王振平, 冯美, 王文举, 张亚红 . 不同架式对设施葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响
山地农业生物学报, 2010,29(2):107-111.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0457.2010.02.004 URL [本文引用: 3]

以设施红提葡萄为试材,研究不同的整形方式对葡萄叶片光合特性和光合关键酶活性的影响.结果表明:与扇形整形方式相比,L形和FI形整形方式可明显提高叶面积;在果实迅速发育时期,L形整形方式显著提高了叶绿素含量,Rubisco及Rubisco活化酶活性显著升高;同时,叶片质膜ATPase和叶绿体膜ATPase活性也显著升高,从而提高了叶片的光合速率.L形、FI形和V形整形方式均不同程度提高了平均单果质量、可溶性固形物含量,降低了可滴定酸含量,而L形则显著地提高了果实的品质.因此,适当的整形方式可通过调节提高设施葡萄的叶绿含量、光合关键酶和ATPase活性来提高光合速率,最终提高果实的品质.

SHAN S

, PING J

, WANG Z

, FENG

, WANG W

, ZHANG Y

. The effect of different grape training structues on the photosynthetic character and fruit quality
Journal of Mountain Agriculture and Biology, 2010,29(2):107-111. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0457.2010.02.004 URL [本文引用: 3]

程建徽, 魏灵珠, 李琳, 袁金波, 吴江 . 2种架式下红地球葡萄果实着色与糖积累的比较
浙江农业科学, 2011(3):504-508.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0528-9017.2011.03.016 URL [本文引用: 1]

以红地球为试材，研究栽培架式对葡萄果实着色与糖积累的影响，结果表明，在高、宽、垂T型改良型“飞鸟”型架下红地球葡萄果实的花色素苷合成大大增加，HPLC分析表明芍药素糖苷（Pn-3-O-glucosi de）和矢车菊素糖苷（Cy-3-O-glucosi de）显著增加，分别较“V”型架式下提高3.8，2.8倍，差异极显著，促进葡萄着色，果肉中己糖含量达到140.4 mg·g-1，其中增加的为果糖，果糖/葡萄糖的比值由0.95升高到了1.05，甜度指数增加。可见，高湿弱光的南方地区红地球葡萄设施生产栽培飞鸟型架式更有利于提高果品质量。

CHENG J

, WEI L

, LI

, YUAN J

, WU

. Comparison of fruit coloration and sugar accumulation under two training system of Red Globe grapes
Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences, 2011(3):504-508. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0528-9017.2011.03.016 URL [本文引用: 1]

田益华, 奚晓军, 龚少华, 蒋爱丽 . 设施葡萄栽培架式对果实品质的影响
河北林业科技, 2014(5/6):88-96.

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-3356.2014.05.025 URL [本文引用: 1]

正整形修剪方式是葡萄重要的栽培管理技术措施之一,能平衡树体的营养生长和生殖生长,提高果实的产量和果实品质。葡萄设施环境光照条件差,湿度大,易造成葡萄旺长、树冠郁闭、叶片发育不良,叶片功能下降。采用合理的栽培架式来提高光合效率,满足葡萄正常生长发育的需求,这是提高设施葡萄品质与产量的重要途径之一。为此我们对设施栽培的葡萄开展了架式比较试验,以便于指导设施葡萄的生产,从而促进设施葡萄产业的发展。

TIAN Y

, XI X

, GONG S

, JIANG A

. Effect of training system on grape fruit quality under protected cultivation
The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology, 2014(5/6):88-96. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-3356.2014.05.025 URL [本文引用: 1]

赵妮, 郁松林, 赵宝龙, 于坤, 董明明, 杨夕 . 日光温室中不同架式对葡萄光合特性及果实品质的影响
新疆农业科学, 2016,53(11):2023-2032.

DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2016.11.008 URL [本文引用: 2]

【目的】研究日光温室中夏黑无核葡萄在不同架式下的光合特性及果实品质，对篱架和棚架在温室葡萄栽培上表现的优劣作出评价。【方法】利用Li－6400xt便携式光合测定仪测定净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）等光合参数；果实成熟期测量果实品质的各项指标，其中VC含量用2，6－二氯酚靛酚滴定法测定，果实总酸含量用NaOH 滴定法测定。【结果】棚架各时期的全天Pn值都高于篱架栽培，且叶片叶绿素含量高于篱架叶片；从果实膨大期、转色期到成熟期，两种架式的Pn日变化峰值和均值逐渐降低；Pn与其他光合因素显著相关；棚架栽培下葡萄的单粒重和可溶性固形物明显高于篱架，单穗重、总糖和VC含量也高于篱架，但差异不显著。【结论】在日光温室条件下，棚架栽培的夏黑无核葡萄的叶片光合特性及果实品质都优于篱架栽培。

ZHAO

, YU S

, ZHAO B

, YU

, DONG M

, YANG

. Effects of different training systems on photosynthesis and berry quality of grapes in solar greenhouses
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016,53(11):2023-2032. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2016.11.008 URL [本文引用: 2]

赵新节, 孙玉霞, 刘波, 王晓, 束怀瑞 . 不同架式栽培的玫瑰香葡萄成熟期挥发性物质的变化
园艺学报, 2005,32(1):87-90.

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2005.01.019 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

以7年生棚架和篱架栽培模式下的玫瑰香葡萄为试材, 采用气相色谱—质谱联机分析了挥发性物质成分相对含量在成熟期的变化。结果表明, 随着采收期推迟, 两种栽培模式下葡萄的酯类物质相对含量均明显增加, 酮醛类化合物相对含量减少, 萜类物质总的相对含量也有下降趋势; 不同形态萜类物质相对含量比例因采收时间不同而有差异, 前期结合态比例明显高于游离态, 后期两者比例相当。篱架葡萄成熟后期酯类物质相对含量高于棚架, 而酮醛类物质和萜类物质相对含量低于棚架。桉叶油素主要以结合态存在, β - 月桂烯则主要以游离态存在, 两种物质在棚架葡萄上的相对含量明显高于篱架。

ZHAO X

, SUN Y

, LIU

, WANG

, SHU H

. Changes of volatile compounds in ‘Muscat Hambourg’ for various trellis systems during maturity
Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2005,32(1):87-90. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0513-353X.2005.01.019 URL Magsci [本文引用: 1]

贾杨, 廖康, 骆强伟, 孙锋, 马微, 牛莹莹, 江振斌 . 无核白葡萄不同栽培架式叶幕微气候及产量品质差异分析
新疆农业科学, 2016,53(7):1210-1216.

DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2016.07.005 URL [本文引用: 1]

[目的]研究吐鲁番地区无核白葡萄适宜的栽培架式,提高其产量及果实品质.[方法]测定水平棚架和两种小棚架3个处理,无核白葡萄叶幕不同部位光合有效辐射、温湿度、叶面积指数差异及果实品质及产量,分析不同架式无核白葡萄的叶幕微气候及产量品质差异.[结果]水平棚架叶幕内部各部位微环境较均匀、PAR及温度高,但是LAI低,产量较低,果实总糖含量高,VC含量高;小棚架Ⅱ叶幕内部PAR及温度较低、湿度较高,尤其架中及架根部位较为明显,果实总糖含量较低,硬度大;小棚架Ⅰ叶幕受光时间长且受光面积相对大,叶幕内部温度及湿度相对较适宜无核白生长,且整体果实品质相对较好,产量较高,但架中部位果实品质略低.[结论]栽植密度大且存在微小仰角的小棚架Ⅰ,较适宜吐鲁番地区无核白葡萄的栽培.

JIA

, LIAO

, LUO Q

, SUN

, MA

, NIU Y

, JIANG Z

. Analysis on the canopy microclimate and yield and quality of the different grape cultivation trellis in Turpan
Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2016,53(7):1210-1216. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2016.07.005 URL [本文引用: 1]

马静茹, 郁松林, 崔瑜 . 不同栽培架式对设施弗雷无核葡萄产量及品质的影响
新疆农垦科技, 2015(5):17-18.

URL [本文引用: 1]

以4年生弗雷无核葡萄为试材，根据新疆塔城地区自然环境条件及生产实际情况提出V型架厂字形架式和棚架栽培模式。调查设施栽培模式下V型架厂字形、棚架和常规直立篱架3种架式栽培条件下葡萄的产量和品质。结果表明，棚架栽培模式供试葡萄的单粒重、单株产量、果实可溶性固形物含量、着色率均较对照有显著提高，而果实日灼率显著下降。因此，在葡萄设施生产过程中，采用棚架栽培模式可以有效地提高产量和品质。

MA J

, YU S

, CUI

. Effect of training systems on yield and fruit quality of Flame Seedless under protected cultivation
Xinjiang Farmland Science & Technology, 2015(5):17-18. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

文旭, 容新民, 边凤霞, 王富霞, 张勇 . 不同架式对紫香无核葡萄生长结果的影响
中国果树, 2015(2):32-35.

URL [本文引用: 1]

以葡萄品种紫香无核为试材,在新疆石河子地区研究了篱架、传统棚架、高厂形平棚架对其生长发育、产量、果实品质和用工量的影响,以期探索出适宜当地葡萄优质、简化、高效生产的架式。结果表明:高厂形平棚架的紫香无核葡萄结果枝节间粗度、单穗重、单粒重显著大于篱架、传统棚架,坐果率、产量显著高于篱架,总用工量可比篱架、传统棚架减少1/4左右。高厂形平棚架在促进紫香无核葡萄生长、提高果实品质、减少用工量等方面优势明显,可作为新疆葡萄新的栽培架式进行推广。

WEN

, RONG X

, BIAN F

, WANG F

, ZHANG

. Effect of training systems on vine performance and fruit quality of Zixiang Seedless grape
China Fruits, 2015(2):32-35. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

史祥宾, 刘凤之, 程存刚, 王孝娣, 王宝亮, 郑晓翠, 王海波 . 不同叶幕形对设施葡萄叶幕微环境、叶片质量及果实品质的影响
应用生态学报, 2015,26(12):3730-3736.

URL Magsci [本文引用: 2]

<div >以3年生‘贝达’砧木设施栽培‘京蜜’葡萄为试材,研究直立、V形和水平3种叶幕形处理下葡萄叶幕微环境、叶片质量及果实品质的差异.结果表明: 直立叶幕的总孔隙度和开度显著高于V形叶幕和水平叶幕,叶面积指数、光能截获率和叶幕昼夜温差均显著低于V形叶幕和水平叶幕,后两者间无显著差异.V形叶幕葡萄叶片的栅栏组织厚度显著大于直立叶幕,水平叶幕居中,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著高于直立叶幕和水平叶幕,后两者间无显著差异.果实品质以V形叶幕最佳,水平叶幕其次,直立叶幕最差.通过GC-MS分析发现,V形叶幕挥发性香气化合物种类最多,为29种,直立叶幕与水平形叶幕分别为17和16种.V形叶幕中‘京蜜’葡萄的特征香气组分除乙醇、反式-2-己烯-1-醇、仲辛酮和甲酸己酯含量较低外,其余含量均较高.芳樟醇(里那醇)含量在直立叶幕和V形叶幕中显著高于水平叶幕,橙花醇含量在V形叶幕中显著高于直立叶幕和水平叶幕,叶醇含量在V形叶幕和水平叶幕中显著高于直立叶幕,香茅醇仅在V形叶幕中检出.V形叶幕设施栽培葡萄的果实香气更浓,更能体现其品种特性.</div><div > </div><div > </div>

SHI X

, LIU F

, CHENG C

, WANG X

, WANG B

, ZHENG X

, WANG H

. Effects of canopy shapes of grape on canopy microenvironment, leaf and fruit quality in greenhouse
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015,26(12):3730-3736. (in Chinese)

URL Magsci [本文引用: 2]

张军贤, 张振文 . 架式与新梢留量对赤霞珠葡萄酒中单体酚的影响
中国农业科学, 2010,43(18):3784-3790.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.18.012 URL Magsci [本文引用: 2]

<P><FONT face=Verdana>【目的】研究架式与新梢留量对葡萄酒中单体酚的影响。【方法】以赤霞珠为试材,采用HPLC分析法,研究不同新梢留量、单篱架与“V”形架栽培条件下所酿干红葡萄酒中单体酚的种类及含量。新梢处理设3个水平,分别为每延长1 m架面留新梢10、13和16个。【结果】(1)单体酚总量随单位新梢留量的降低而增加(119.08—146.40 mg<I>&#</I>8226;L-1),且各处理间存在极显著差异;“V”形架栽培下的葡萄酒单体酚总量(133.47 mg<I>&#</I>8226;L-1)高于单篱架(119.08 mg<I>&#</I>8226;L-1)。(2)各处理条件下葡萄酒中非类黄酮含量(100.13—123.46 mg<I>&#</I>8226;L-1)均高于类黄酮含量(17.08—25.25 mg<I>&#</I>8226;L-1),前者占单体酚总量的81.08%—85.66%,后者占14.34%—18.92%。(3)各处理条件下均可检出待测10种单体酚,类黄酮类物质以儿茶素为主,非类黄酮类物质以没食子酸为主。【结论】降低赤霞珠葡萄单位面积留梢量可提高葡萄酒中单体酚的含量;“V”形架栽培可提高葡萄酒中单体酚的含量。<BR></FONT></P>

ZHANG J

, ZHANG Z

. Effects of trellis system and shoot density on free phenol of wine from Vitis viniferal L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon.
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2010,43(18):3784-3790. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2010.18.012 URL Magsci [本文引用: 2]

XU X

, CHENG

, DUAN L

, JIANG

, PAN Q

, DUAN C

, WANG

. Effect of training systems on fatty acids and their derived volatiles in Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and wines of the north foot of Mt. Tianshan
Food Chemistry, 2015,181:198-206.

DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.082 URLPMID:25794740 [本文引用: 3]

C6 and C9 volatiles, originated from fatty acids, are important volatiles for ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes and wines. This study evaluated the influence of different training systems including Modified Vertical Shoot Positioned, (M-VSP); Fan training system with two trunks (F-TT); Fan training system with multiple trunks (F-MT) on these volatiles and the long-chain fatty acids (>C12) of grape berries and wines in the northwest of China. The expression profiles of genes from associated metabolic pathway were also analyzed. F-MT training resulted in lower vine vigor, larger yield, higher content of unsaturated fatty acids in grapes and lower C6 esters in wines in comparison with M-VSP and F-TT. M-VSP and F-TT enhanced C6 volatiles in grape berries. The concentrations of C6 volatiles were positively correlated with the expression of VvLOXA and VvHPL1. The results expanded the knowledge of the influence of training systems on fatty acids and their derived volatiles of grapes and wines.

[27]

LIU L

, NAN L

, ZHAO X

, WANG Z

, NAN H

, LI

. Effects of two training systems on sugar metabolism and related enzymes in cv. Beibinghong (Vitis amurensis Rupr.).
Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2015,95:987-998.

DOI:10.4141/CJPS-2014-396 URL [本文引用: 1]

Liu, L., Nan, L., Zhao, X., Wang, Z., Nan, H. and Li, H. 2015. . Can. J. Plant Sci. : 987–998. Eight individual sugars and four sugar-metabolism-related enzymes were investigated in the development of Rupr. ‘Beibinghong’ grape berries. Two different training systems, vertical shoot positioning (VSP) and Y-shaped training system (Y-shape) were applied. Sucrose contents in the two training systems were significantly related to the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrosynthetic activity of sucrose synthase (SS-s) in berries before veraison. The results show that throughout the veraison period, individual sugars, such as glucose, fructose, galactose and lactose, increased. Glucose and fructose were affected by both training systems, mainly at 15 and 16 wk (weeks after fruit setting). Training systems had no significant effects on the rhamnose, arabinose, galactose and maltose contents, and barely had an effect on the lactose content. The VSP training system mainly affected the sucrose content during the harvest period, while the Y-shape affected sucrose content mainly after 9 wk. During 2011 to 2013, VSP and Y-shape strongly affected the sucrose contents before veraison, and also affected the cleavage activity of sucrose synthase (SS-c) mainly between 5 and 8 wk; however, different training systems barely affected the soluble acid invertase (SAI) activities in whole berry growth. From the perspective of the whole berry development, the results showed that different systems had no significant effects on individual sugars and enzymes.

[28]

冀晓昊, 王海波, 张克坤, 王孝娣, 史祥宾, 王宝亮, 郑晓翠, 王志强, 刘凤之 . 不同颜色果袋对葡萄花青苷合成的调控
中国农业科学, 2016,49(22):4460-4468.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.018 URL [本文引用: 1]

【目的】探明不同颜色果袋引起的光质差异对葡萄花青苷合成的影响,为葡萄专用果袋的研发提供理论依据。【方法】以5年生‘贝达’砧‘巨峰’葡萄为试材,于坐果后30 d分别套红色、绿色、蓝色和白色纸质果袋,以不套袋为对照,每8 d采样一次,直至果实成熟。利用光纤光谱仪分析不同纸袋的透射光谱,高效液相法测定果实发育过程中果皮花青苷含量变化,同时利用荧光定量PCR技术分析花青苷合成途径结构基因Vv CHS、VvLDOX、VvUFGT和调控基因VvmybA1以及光信号转录因子VvHY5的表达差异。【结果】红色纸袋、绿色纸袋和蓝色纸袋分别在红光、绿光和蓝光波段具有选择透过性,白色纸袋对光质的透过性没有选择性。不同颜色果袋对葡萄花青苷合成具有显著性影响,红色纸袋、绿色纸袋和蓝色纸袋处理明显推迟了葡萄的转色期,并延缓了花青苷的积累,但到果实完熟期,花青苷含量表现为蓝色纸袋白色纸袋对照绿色纸袋红色纸袋。基因表达分析表明,VvMYBA1、VvCHS、VvLDOX和VvUFGT表达量均表现为先升高后下降,与花青苷积累规律相一致;不同颜色果袋均延缓了花青苷合成调控基因VvMYBA1和结构基因VvCHS、VvLDOX、VvUFGT表达量在果实发育早期的升高和后期的下降,在表达高峰到来前,总体表现为对照和套白色纸袋表达量较高,其次是套蓝色纸袋,套绿色纸袋和套红色纸袋表达量较低;表达高峰之后总体表现为套蓝色纸袋和套白色纸袋表达量较高,其次是套绿色纸袋和套红色纸袋,对照表达量最低。VvHY5在果实成熟过程中在花青苷快速积累期和果实成熟后期有两次表达高峰,与花青苷的积累规律和合成调控基因VvMYBA1的表达规律基本一致,不同颜色果袋对VvHY5的诱导效应不同,蓝色纸袋诱导能力最强,红色纸袋效果最差。【结论】蓝色纸袋有利于葡萄花青苷合成,红色纸袋效果较差。不同颜色果袋对果实花青苷积累的调控可能是通过影响光信号转录因子VvHY5的表达,进而调控花青苷合成调控基因VvMYBA1和结构基因VvCHS、VvLDOX、VvUFGT等的表达,影响葡萄果皮花青苷的合成。

JI X

, WANG H

, ZHANG K

, WANG X

, SHI X

, WANG B

, ZHENG X

, WANG Z

, LIU F

. The grape anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation by different color fruit bags
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016,49(22):4460-4468. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.22.018 URL [本文引用: 1]

张克坤, 王海波, 王孝娣, 史祥宾, 王宝亮, 郑晓翠, 刘凤之 . ‘瑞都香玉’葡萄果实挥发性成分在果实发育过程中的变化
中国农业科学, 2015,48(19):3965-3978.

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.018 [本文引用: 1]

【目的】早熟、具有玫瑰香味的鲜食葡萄具有较广阔的市场前景,了解各类香气组分及相关代谢途径在果实发育过程中的变化规律,把握香气组分形成的关键时期,为早熟葡萄品种品质调控技术的提出提供理论依据。【方法】以‘贝达’嫁接的4年生早熟葡萄品种‘瑞都香玉’为试材,使用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱与质谱联用技术,测定在幼果发育期(花后第3周)至过熟期(花后第12周)果实中挥发性组分的变化。根据各组分的变化探究相关代谢途径的更替,并利用主成分分析确定发育阶段与各类香气组分间的关系。【结果】根据可溶性固形物及可滴定酸含量的变化可以确定‘瑞都香玉’葡萄在花后第5周即可进入果实转色/软化期,花后第9周进入果实成熟期。里那醇、橙花醇、香叶醇、香茅醇、萜品醇等主要呈香型萜烯类组分峰值出现的时期不同,橙花醇、香叶醇含量在成熟初期达到最大值,里那醇、萜品醇含量在成熟中期达到峰值,香茅醇含量在成熟期具有波动性。E-2-己烯醛、己醛为成熟期主要的C6化合物,其含量在转色期以后即可达到峰值,成熟期时含量降低;Z-3-己烯醛主要出现在幼果发育期,转色期时含量处于较低水平。β-紫罗兰酮、大马士酮等降异戊二烯衍生物及苯甲醛等芳香族化合物在成熟期时含量处于较低水平或消失。综合各挥发性组分的含量变化可得,萜烯类组分在各发育期均有积累,过熟期含量降低;酯类物质集中出现在幼果发育期,成熟初期含量有所升高;醛酮类物质集中出现在转色初期;C6化合物在转色期有不同程度的升高,成熟期后含量有减少趋势;醇类物质在转为成熟期后含量开始减少;芳香族化合物集中在转色期以前;酸类物质在转为成熟期后有所增加。转色期以前为酯类物质、芳香族化合物变化的关键时期,转色期为醛酮类物质变化的关键时期,转色期至成熟期为成熟期特征萜烯类物质、C6化合物、酸类物质变化的关键时期。【结论】果实发育早期亚麻酸裂解途径Z-3-己烯醛支路活跃,进入转色期后,脂肪酸代谢其他支路与萜烯类物质合成路径活跃性增强;成熟期发育过程中,主要香气成分的积累都有减弱,转色期转为成熟期时为果实香型形成的关键时期。‘瑞都香玉’主要呈香型萜烯成分的积累具有差异性,里那醇、萜品醇含量在成熟期仍有增加,综合考虑C6组分与萜烯类成分的变化,果实香气成熟期稍晚于生理成熟期,适当延迟采收有助于其特征香型的形成。

ZHANG K

, WANG H

, WANG X

, SHI X

, WANG B

, ZHENG X

, LIU F

. Evolution of volatile compounds during the berry development of ‘Ruidu Xiangyu’ grape
Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015,48(19):3965-3978. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.19.018 [本文引用: 1]

JOSE T

, RODRIGO

, ANDREA

, ALVARO P

, EDMUNDO

, PATRICIO A

, JOSE A

. Post-veraison sunlight exposure induces MYB-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of Vitis vinifera
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2009,60(3):853-867.

DOI:10.1136/gut.2005.073262 URLPMID:19129169 [本文引用: 1]

Abstract Anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols are the three major classes of flavonoid compounds found in grape berry tissues. Several viticultural practices increase flavonoid content in the fruit, but the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been completely deciphered. The impact of post-veraison sunlight exposure on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in grape berry skin and its relation to the expression of different transcriptional regulators known to be involved in flavonoid synthesis was studied. Treatments consisting of removing or moving aside the basal leaves which shade berry clusters were applied. Shading did not affect sugar accumulation or gene expression of HEXOSE TRANSPORTER 1, although in the leaf removal treatment, these events were retarded during the first weeks of ripening. Flavonols were the most drastically reduced flavonoids following shading and leaf removal treatments, related to the reduced expression of FLAVONOL SYNTHASE 4 and its putative transcriptional regulator MYB12. Anthocyanin accumulation and the expression of CHS2, LDOX, OMT, UFGT, MYBA1, and MYB5a genes were also affected. Other regulatory genes were less affected or not affected at all by these treatments. Non-transcriptional control mechanisms for flavonoid synthesis are also suggested, especially during the initial stages of ripening. Although berries from the leaf removal treatment received more light than shaded fruits, malvidin-3-glucoside and total flavonol content was reduced compared with the treatment without leaf removal. This work reveals that flavonol-related gene expression responds rapidly to field changes in light levels, as shown by the treatment in which shaded fruits were exposed to light in the late stages of ripening. Taken together, this study establishes MYB-specific responsiveness for the effect of sun exposure and sugar transport on flavonoid synthesis.

[31]

周建梅, 曹耀鹏, 贾名波, 邵小杰 . 山东不同产区巨峰葡萄香气物质分析
中外葡萄与葡萄酒, 2013(2):16-20.

URL [本文引用: 1]

对山东沂源、济宁两个产区巨峰葡萄的香气物质进行分析。结果表明，两个产区均检测到7大类香气，沂源产区检出44种香气成分，济宁产区检出47种香气成分，香气总量分别为1845．46ng／g、1326．50ng／g，酯类物质含量最高，分别占其香气总量的82．94％、74．70％。主要香气成分为（E）-2-己烯醇、2-己烯醛、乙酸乙酯、酞酸二乙酯、香叶基丙酮和二苯并呋喃，其中乙酸乙酯含量最高，2-己烯醛、丁酸乙酯和酞酸二乙酯含量也较高。沂源产区巨峰葡萄中酯类和醛类含量高于济宁产区，而醇类、烃类和杂环类含量低于济宁产区。己酸甲酯、（E）-2-戊烯酸乙酯、草酸二异丁酯等为沂源产区巨峰特有香气；（E）-3-乙基己烯醇、3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯甲醛、2-甲基-2-丁烯酸乙酯、甲酸己酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、苯甲酸苄酯等为济宁产区巨峰特有成分。产区因素影响巨峰葡萄香气物质的组成和含量，沂源产区巨峰葡萄香气更浓郁。

ZHOU J

, CAO Y

, JIA M

, SHAO X

. Analysis of aroma components in Kyoho grapes from different regions of Shandong
Sino-Overseas Grapevine & Wine, 2013(2):16-20. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

韩晓, 刘凤之, 谢计蒙, 王孝娣, 冀晓昊, 王海波 . 四种综合评价法对不同葡萄品种设施环境适应性的评价和比较
植物生理学报, 2017,53(12):2235-2243.

URL [本文引用: 1]

用Li-6400光合仪测定各葡萄(Vitis vinifera)品种的设施环境适应性参数,利用熵值法、主成分分析法、Topsis评价法、熵权Topsis评价法4种综合评价方法对其设施环境适应性进行评价。通过比较4种综合评价方法对不同葡萄品种设施环境适应性评价的差异,筛选出适宜评价葡萄设施环境适应性的综合评价方法。结果表明,Topsis综合评价法对各个葡萄品种设施环境适应性的评价结果与反映其设施环境适应性的连年丰产能力最为相近,更适宜作为环境适应性评价的方法。用该方法评价时,‘红标无核’、‘紫珍香’、‘无核早红’、‘红旗特早玫瑰’和‘87-1’的设施环境适应性好,适于设施栽培。

HAN

, LIU F

, XIE J

, WANG X

, JI X

, WANG H

. Comparision of four comprehensive evaluation methods in evaluating environmental adaptabilities of different grape cultivars
Plant Physiology Journal, 2017,53(12):2235-2243. (in Chinese)

URL [本文引用: 1]

韩晓, 刘凤之, 王孝娣, 史祥宾, 王宝亮, 郑晓翠, 王志强, 冀晓昊, 王海波 . 3种综合评价法在葡萄砧穗组合环境适应性中的应用
果树学报, 2017,34(10):1349-1356.

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170086 URL [本文引用: 1]

【目的】选择一种最适宜的数学分析方法评价设施葡萄砧穗组合的环境适应性。【方法】测定9个葡萄砧穗组合的环境适应性参数,分别用熵值法、主成分分析法、Topsis评价法3种方法进行综合评价。【结果】用熵值法进行综合评价时,‘87-1’/‘抗砧1号’组合的环境适应性最强,‘87-1’/‘华葡1号’组合最差;用主成分分析综合评价时,‘87-1’/3309C组合环境适应性最强,‘87-1’/101-14组合最差。用Topsis法进行评价时,‘87-1’/3309C组合环境适应性最强,‘87-1’/‘抗砧1号’组合最差。3种方法的结果差异主要与其计算所得的权重差异、方法理论差异、数据标准化处理差异等有关。在葡萄砧穗组合的环境适应性评价中,由于环境适应性参数数据量小,专业性强,重要参数离散程度小,结合各砧穗组合的实际表现,以Topsis评价法的评价结果更符合实际情况。【结论】葡萄砧穗组合环境适应性评价更适合采用Topsis方法,‘87-1’/3309C组合环境适应性最好。

HAN

, LIU F

, WANG X

, SHI X

, WANG B

, ZHENG X

, WANG Z

, JI X

, WANG H

. Comparison of three comprehensive evaluation methods to evaluate the grape rootstock-scion combination environmental adaptability
Journal of Fruit Science, 2017,34(10):1349-1356. (in Chinese)

DOI:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20170086 URL [本文引用: 1]