关键词:陆地棉; 早熟品种; 品种更替; 冠层结构; 产量; 新疆 Development of Cotton Canopy Structure Characteristics of Cotton Varieties Grown in Different Decades in Northern Xinjiang YANG Yan-Long1, XIAO Fei2, XU Shou-Zhen1, WANG Yu-Xuan1, ZUO Wen-Qing1, LIANG Fu-Bin1, ZHANG Wang-Feng1,* 1College of Agriculture, Shihezi University / Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, China
2College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
Fund:This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1203283). AbstractWidespread cultivated early maturing upland cotton varieties bred in Xinjiang in different decades (1990s, 2000s, and 2010s) were used as experimental materials under mulching drip irrigation conditions. Canopy openness, mean foliage titled angle and canopy light distribution at different growing stages were measured to analyze cotton canopy structural characteristics, which provides a theoretical basis for breeding new cotton varieties and optimizing cultivation management. In the cotton varieties replacement process with yield increase, there was no significant difference in growth stage among different decades, and the growth stage of varieties grown in 2010s was relatively long. In the growth period from full boll stage to boll opening stage, the canopy openness was more reasonable and the light absorption rate was higher for the varieties in 2010s than in 1990s and 2000s; in the late growth period, the canopy openness and canopy light absorption rate for the varieties in 2010s were averagely 1.06% to 5.94% higher than those in 1990s and 2000s. Furthermore, dry matter accumulation of varieties in 2010s was averagely 11.51% to 15.59% higher than that in 1990s and 2000s, with an increasing trend in various organs. There was a consistent changing trend in leaf inclination angle for different varieties, but with a great difference among varieties and closely relating to leaf size. Therefore, with cotton varieties replacing, the appropriate leaf area index and canopy openness at the middle and later stages of cotton growth have been up to about 90% of light absorption now and got more dry matter accumulation, resulting in increased yield.
Keyword:Upland cotton; Early maturing variety; Variety renew; Canopy structure; Yield; Xinjiang Show Figures Show Figures
表2 不同年代棉花品种生育期及植株形态特征的变化 Table 2 Changes of growth stage and morphological characters of cotton varieties grown in different decades
试验年份 Year
主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
生育期 Growth stage (d)
株高 Plant height (cm)
倒四叶宽 Width of the fourth blade from top (cm)
果枝节间长度 Fruiting node length (cm)
节枝比 Ratio of node/ branch
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
120
42.50± 2.20 c
12.06± 0.94 b
3.32± 0.09 b
1.61± 0.10 a
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
123
53.85± 3.50 b
13.06± 0.68 a
3.63± 0.06 b
1.71± 0.04 a
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
117
47.58± 4.04 c
9.31± 0.26 d
3.72± 0.16 b
1.52± 0.04 b
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
118
59.54± 3.90 a
10.94± 0.42 c
5.79± 0.09 a
1.68± 0.02 a
平均 Average
119
53.66± 5.98
11.10± 1.88
4.38± 1.22
1.64± 0.10
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
124
54.88± 4.74 a
11.50± 0.60 b
2.88± 0.34 c
1.56± 0.06 b
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
125
54.90± 2.21 a
10.81± 0.46 c
5.89± 0.07 a
1.77± 0.12 a
平均 Average
125
54.89± 0.01
11.16± 0.49
4.39± 2.13
1.67± 0.15
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
122
46.40± 1.95 c
12.40± 0.22 b
3.75± 0.30 b
1.21± 0.11 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
125
50.80± 3.49 c
12.90± 0.42 a
4.06± 0.23 b
1.20± 0.02 b
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
116
43.80± 1.30 d
9.30± 0.27 d
3.97± 0.33 b
1.27± 0.08 b
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
121
61.00± 2.35 a
11.90± 0.42 c
5.86± 0.38 a
1.53± 0.03 a
平均 Average
121
51.87± 8.65
11.37± 1.86
4.63± 1.07
1.33± 0.17
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
125
59.30± 3.46 b
13.30± 0.27 a
2.69± 0.15 c
1.36± 0.02 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
126
65.60± 0.74 a
11.90± 0.22 c
6.04± 0.11 a
1.57± 0.15 a
平均 Average
126
62.45± 4.45
12.60± 0.99
4.37± 2.37
1.47± 0.15
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表2 不同年代棉花品种生育期及植株形态特征的变化 Table 2 Changes of growth stage and morphological characters of cotton varieties grown in different decades
表3 不同年代棉花品种叶面积指数的生育期变化 Table 3 Changes of leaf area index at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades
试验年份 Year
品种主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
盛花期 Full flowering stage
盛铃期 Full boll stage
吐絮期 Boll opening stage
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
4.15± 0.06 a
4.60± 0.21 a
2.44± 0.11 c
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
3.76± 0.08 b
3.62± 0.08 b
3.50± 0.18 a
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
3.19± 0.10 c
2.57± 0.09 d
2.37± 0.04 c
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
2.90± 0.08 c
3.04± 0.20 c
3.02± 0.10 b
平均 Average
3.28± 0.43
3.08± 0.53
2.96± 0.57
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
3.05± 0.14 c
3.70± 0.07 b
3.12± 0.07 b
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
2.76± 0.18 d
3.19± 0.03 c
3.17± 0.02 b
平均 Average
2.91± 0.21
3.45± 0.36
3.15± 0.04
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
3.78± 0.06 a
6.46± 0.10 a
4.04± 0.09 a
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
2.23± 0.07 c
6.11± 0.14 a
4.37± 0.31 a
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
2.73± 0.16 b
3.72± 0.03 c
3.00± 0.21 b
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
2.01± 0.08 d
5.29± 0.24 b
3.28± 0.11 b
平均 Average
2.32± 0.37
5.04± 1.21
3.55± 0.72
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
2.37± 0.04 c
5.51± 0.26 b
3.92± 0.18 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
2.35± 0.08 c
5.12± 0.10 b
3.13± 0.08 b
平均 Average
2.36± 0.01
5.32± 0.28
3.53± 0.56
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表3 不同年代棉花品种叶面积指数的生育期变化 Table 3 Changes of leaf area index at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades
表4 不同年代棉花品种叶倾角的生育期变化 Table 4 Changes of mean foliage title angle at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades
试验年份 Year
品种主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
盛花期 Full flowering stage
盛铃期 Full boll stage
吐絮期 Boll opening stage
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
42.67± 0.58 a
48.42± 0.88 b
46.33± 0.58 a
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
42.67± 0.58 a
44.80± 1.44 c
42.67± 0.58 c
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
43.33± 0.58 a
52.67± 1.53 a
48.33± 2.89 a
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
43.33± 2.08 a
50.00± 1.73 a
43.33± 0.58 b
平均 Average
43.11± 0.38
49.16± 4.00
44.78± 3.10
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
45.17± 0.29 a
48.67± 1.53 b
47.17± 0.29 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
39.33± 0.58 b
47.48± 0.32 b
44.33± 1.53 b
平均 Average
42.25± 4.13
48.08± 0.84
45.75± 2.01
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
43.33± 1.53 b
46.00± 2.00 b
40.00± 1.73 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
43.00± 1.00 b
46.00± 1.00 b
42.33± 0.58 b
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
55.33± 0.58 a
60.00± 1.00 a
45.33± 0.58 a
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
44.67± 2.52 b
57.00± 1.73 a
40.00± 1.00 b
平均 Average
47.67± 6.69
54.33± 7.37
42.55± 2.66
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
41.33± 1.53 c
43.00± 1.73 b
39.67± 1.15 b
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
45.33± 0.58 b
56.67± 1.53 a
42.33± 0.58 b
平均 Average
43.33± 2.83
49.84± 9.67
41.00± 1.88
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表4 不同年代棉花品种叶倾角的生育期变化 Table 4 Changes of mean foliage title angle at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades
表5 不同年代棉花品种冠层开度的生育期变化 Table 5 Changes of diffuse none-interceptance at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades
试验年份 Year
主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
盛花期 Full flowering stage
盛铃期 Full boll stage
吐絮期 Boll opening stage
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
0.030± 0.003 d
0.019± 0.003 d
0.144± 0.004 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
0.050± 0.008 c
0.043± 0.004 c
0.059± 0.007 e
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
0.119± 0.002 a
0.142± 0.006 a
0.175± 0.005 a
新陆早13号Xinluzao 13
0.088± 0.005 b
0.069± 0.004 b
0.075± 0.003 d
平均 Average
0.086± 0.035
0.085± 0.051
0.103± 0.063
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
0.085± 0.003 b
0.053± 0.003 c
0.091± 0.004 c
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
0.096± 0.009 b
0.050± 0.007 c
0.095± 0.004 c
平均 Average
0.091± 0.007
0.052± 0.002
0.093± 0.003
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
0.290± 0.014 a
0.012± 0.001 b
0.030± 0.007 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
0.181± 0.019 b
0.006± 0.001 c
0.044± 0.003 b
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
0.287± 0.013 a
0.052± 0.004 a
0.074± 0.010 a
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
0.210± 0.009 b
0.012± 0.003 b
0.070± 0.006 a
平均 Average
0.226± 0.055
0.023± 0.025
0.063± 0.016
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
0.164± 0.006 c
0.014± 0.003 b
0.045± 0.004 b
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
0.155± 0.006 c
0.015± 0.003 b
0.073± 0.001 a
平均 Average
0.160± 0.009
0.015± 0.001
0.060± 0.020
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表5 不同年代棉花品种冠层开度的生育期变化 Table 5 Changes of diffuse none-interceptance at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades
表6 不同年代棉花品种光吸收率的生育期变化 Table 6 Changes of light absorption rate at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades (%)
试验年份 Year
品种主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
盛花期 Full flowering stage
盛铃期 Full boll stage
吐絮期 Boll opening stage
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
78.41± 1.10 c
82.92± 0.24 c
78.75± 0.59 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
86.35± 0.92 a
88.72± 0.70 a
80.63± 1.50 b
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
84.06± 0.79 b
79.05± 0.84 d
70.95± 0.57 c
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
82.93± 0.42 b
90.39± 0.94 a
83.95± 0.07 a
平均 Average
84.45± 1.74
86.05± 6.12
78.51± 6.75
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
82.69± 1.37 b
88.70± 0.05 a
85.23± 1.53 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
82.22± 0.77 b
87.58± 0.15 b
83.85± 0.51 a
平均 Average
82.46± 0.33
88.14± 0.79
84.54± 0.98
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
93.71± 0.23 a
95.25± 0.07 b
91.56± 0.38 a
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
90.89± 0.60 b
95.32± 0.06 b
92.69± 0.47 a
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
86.35± 0.59 d
93.50± 0.21 c
83.95± 0.21 d
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
90.84± 0.78 b
95.44± 0.10 b
90.04± 0.23 c
平均 Average
89.36± 2.61
94.75± 1.09
88.89± 1.48
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
93.26± 0.33 a
95.88± 0.17 a
92.88± 0.33 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
89.16± 0.60 c
95.23± 0.09 b
90.30± 1.03 b
平均 Average
91.21± 2.90
95.56± 0.46
91.59± 1.82
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表6 不同年代棉花品种光吸收率的生育期变化 Table 6 Changes of light absorption rate at different growth stages in cotton varieties grown in different decades (%)
表7 不同年代棉花品种单株干物质积累与分配的变化 Table 7 Changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution in plant of cotton varieties grown in different decades (g)
试验年份 Year
主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
茎秆 Stem
叶片 Leaf
棉铃 Boll
地上部总干物质 DMAG
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
11.67± 0.58 c
13.93± 0.90 b
42.82± 3.09 b
68.42± 4.10 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
16.72± 0.79 a
19.64± 0.80 a
48.69± 2.05 a
85.04± 2.27 a
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
10.84± 1.02 d
10.97± 0.59 d
28.49± 1.68 d
50.30± 2.30 c
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
13.73± 1.01 b
14.21± 0.55 b
35.77± 3.04 c
63.71± 3.35 b
平均 Average
13.76± 2.94
14.94± 4.38
37.65± 10.23
66.35± 17.52
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
16.77± 0.46 a
19.74± 0.86 a
49.22± 0.93 a
85.73± 1.16 a
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
13.38± 0.86 b
15.50± 0.97 b
41.13± 2.98 b
70.00± 3.66 b
平均 Average
15.08± 2.40
17.62± 3.00
45.18± 5.72
77.87± 11.12
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
21.71± 0.92 c
22.98± 0.37 c
60.30± 0.84 c
104.99± 1.66 d
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
31.50± 1.96 a
25.18± 1.11 a
78.89± 2.54 a
135.57± 1.90 a
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
16.35± 0.85 d
15.82± 0.82 d
32.94± 1.25 d
65.12± 1.03 e
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
24.47± 0.28 c
24.62± 0.36 b
69.32± 2.65 b
118.41± 2.54 b
平均 Average
24.11± 7.58
21.87± 5.25
60.38± 24.24
106.37± 36.74
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
27.81± 0.72 b
24.98± 0.68 a
61.41± 2.38 c
114.20± 2.63 c
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
29.96± 0.54 a
26.69± 0.56 a
64.82± 1.01 b
121.47± 1.19 b
平均 Average
28.89± 1.52
25.84± 1.21
63.12± 2.41
117.84± 5.14
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. DMAG: dry matter accumulation above ground. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表7 不同年代棉花品种单株干物质积累与分配的变化 Table 7 Changes of dry matter accumulation and distribution in plant of cotton varieties grown in different decades (g)
表8 不同年代棉花品种产量及产量构成因素 Table 8 Yield and yield component of cotton varieties grown in different decades
试验年份 Year
品种主栽年代 Planting time
品种 Variety
单株结铃数 Boll number per plant
单铃重 Boll weight (g)
衣分 Lint percentage (%)
实收籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg hm-2)
2015
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
5.25 c
5.42 a
39.42 c
4802.56 b
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
5.33 b
5.55 a
42.68 a
4935.97 b
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
4.92 d
5.62 a
41.49 b
4535.75 c
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
5.75 a
5.12 b
41.99 b
5247.24 a
平均 Average
5.33
5.43
42.05
4906.33
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
5.17 c
5.66 a
40.20 b
4735.86 b
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
5.67 a
5.34 a
42.48 b
5736.39 a
平均 Average
5.42
5.50
41.34
5236.13
2016
1990s
新陆早1号 Xinluzao 1
6.30 b
5.32 c
36.56 d
4279.99 c
2000s
新陆早6号 Xinluzao 6
5.60 d
5.42 b
39.88 b
4140.99 c
新陆早7号 Xinluzao 7
5.70 c
4.83 d
39.14 c
4616.83 b
新陆早13号 Xinluzao 13
7.17 a
5.56 b
41.63 a
5221.63 a
平均 Average
6.16
5.27
40.22
4659.82
2010s
新陆早33号 Xinluzao 33
6.64 a
6.14 a
39.41 c
4668.58 b
新陆早45号 Xinluzao 45
6.71 a
5.70 b
41.96 a
5373.15 a
平均 Average
6.68
5.92
40.69
5020.87
Values followed by different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability level within a column in the same year. 同一列不同字母表示在同一年内0.05水平上差异显著。
表8 不同年代棉花品种产量及产量构成因素 Table 8 Yield and yield component of cotton varieties grown in different decades
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