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薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选

本站小编 Free考研考试/2021-12-26

汪灿1,2,*, 周棱波1,2,*, 张国兵1,2, 张立异1, 徐燕1, 高旭1, 姜讷1, 邵明波1,2,*
1 贵州省农业科学院旱粮研究所, 贵州贵阳 550006

2 贵州粱丰农业科技有限公司, 贵州贵阳 550006

*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 邵明波, E-mail:563189433@qq.com
**同等贡献(Contributed equally to the work) 第一作者联系方式: 汪灿, E-mail:wangc.1989@163.com; 周棱波, E-mail:81977709@qq.com
收稿日期:2017-01-14 接受日期:2017-04-20网络出版日期:2017-04-27基金:本研究由贵州省农业攻关计划项目(黔科合机农字[2013]4025号)和贵州省农业动植物育种专项资金项目(黔农育专字[2012]023号)资助

摘要以50份薏苡种质为材料, 设置正常灌水和干旱胁迫2个处理, 测定株高、茎粗、分枝数、主茎节数、分蘖数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和产量, 采用抗旱性度量值(D值)、综合抗旱系数(CDC值)、加权抗旱系数(WDC)、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析和逐步回归分析相结合的方法, 对其进行成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选。结果表明, 各指标对干旱胁迫的反应及关联程度各异。6个公因子可代表薏苡抗旱性90.80%的原始数据信息量。基于D值、CDC值和WDC值的供试薏苡种质抗旱性排序相近。供试薏苡种质产量抗旱系数(Y值)与D值、CDC值和WDC值均呈极显著正相关。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的薏苡种质有yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2。分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重可作为薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性评价的直观指标。

关键词:薏苡; 成株期; 抗旱性; 抗旱指标; 综合评价
Identification and Indices Screening of Drought Resistance at Adult Plant Stage in Job’s Tears Germplasm Resources
WANG Can1,2,*, ZHOU Ling-Bo1,2,*, ZHANG Guo-Bing1,2, ZHANG Li-Yi1, XU Yan1, GAO Xu1, JIANG Ne1, SHAO Ming-Bo1,2,*
1 Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 55006, China

2 Guizhou Liangfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550006, China

Fund:This study was supported by the Guizhou Agricultural Research Plan Project (QKHJNZ[2013]4025) and the Special Funds for Guizhou Agricultural Animal and Plant Breeding (QNYZZ[2012]023)
AbstractDrought is one of the major problems for Job’s tears production. The plant height, culm diameter, branch number, culm node number, tiller number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, and yield of 50 accessions of Job’s tears germplasm were measured in normal irrigation and drought stress treatments. Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value (D value), comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC value), and weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC value) were used in correlation analysis, frequency analysis, principal component analysis, grey relational analysis, subordinate function analysis, clustering analysis, and stepwise regression analysis to identify and screen drought resistance indices at adult plant stage of tested Job’s tears germplasm. There were differences in response to drought stress and correlations between all indices. Six common factors could represent 90.80% of the original information of Job’s tears drought resistance data. The ranks of drought resistance of tested Job’s tears germplasm based on D value, CDC value, and WDC value were similar. The yield drought resistance coefficient (Y value) of tested Job’s tears germplasm had significant and positive correlation with D value, CDC value, and WDC value. Liangfengyi 14-2, yy03-8, and yy18-1 were identified as drought resistant Job’s tears germplasm at adult plant stage. Tiller number, grain weight per plant, and 1000-grain weight could be used as the intuitive identification indices for drought resistance in Job’s tears germplasm resources at adult plant stage.

Keyword:Job’s tears; Adult plant stage; Drought resistance; Drought resistance indices; Comprehensive evaluation
Show Figures
Show Figures




薏苡(Coxi lacryma-jobi L.)是禾本科(Gramineae)薏苡属(Coix)一年生草本植物, 是传统药食兼用经济作物, 因其具有极高的营养价值和重要的药用价值, 越来越受到人们的喜爱[1, 2]。薏苡主要食用和药用部位为种仁, 是一种高蛋白质、中脂肪、中糖的绿色食品, 具有健脾利湿、除脾止泻、清热解毒等功效, 其营养堪称“ 禾本科植物之王” [3, 4]。我国是薏苡的生产大国, 主产区集中在西南和华南地区, 其中以贵州省兴仁县种植面积最大, 是全国乃至东南亚地区的薏苡加工销售集散地[5, 6]。随着全球气候的变暖和生态平衡的破坏, 干旱已成为我国乃至世界广大粮食产区农业生产长期面临的主要制约因素[7]。在我国的大多数薏苡产区, 虽然雨量充沛, 但雨量不均, 土壤保水能力较差, 具不同程度春旱和伏旱的威胁, 干旱已成为制约薏苡生产的主要限制条件[8]。因此, 对薏苡种质资源进行成株期抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选, 对薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱资源利用及品种的生产应用与合理布局具有重要意义。作物抗旱性属于复杂的数量性状, 由多基因遗传控制, 受环境条件影响较大[9]。作物抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选需要将形态、生理、产量等指标相结合, 对各个时期进行综合评价[10]。因此, 简单有效的鉴定指标及其评价方法的合理选择是作物抗旱性鉴定的关键[11, 12]。长期以来, 国内外****在作物抗旱性方面开展了大量研究工作, 提出了多种抗旱性鉴定方法和评价指标[13, 14, 15, 16]。近年来, 随着作物抗旱性研究的发展, 采用相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析、灰色关联度分析和逐步回归分析等相结合的方法综合评价, 可以避免单一指标的片面性和不稳定性, 已在绿豆[17, 18, 19]、大豆[20, 21]、胡麻[22, 23, 24]、谷子[25, 26]、高粱[27, 28]、油菜[29, 30]、棉花[31]等作物抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选上被广泛应用。目前, 关于薏苡种质资源抗旱性鉴定及抗旱指标筛选的研究鲜见报道, 仅有陈宁和钱晓刚[8]对9份薏苡种质萌发期抗旱性能的初步探索。为此, 本研究在旱棚条件下研究了50份薏苡种质的株高、茎粗、分枝数、主茎节数、分蘖数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和产量的变化, 以期为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机制及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料与评价指标。
1 材料与方法1.1 供试材料薏苡种质50份, 包括野生种3份、国审品种2份、黔薏苡1号选系3份、黔薏苡2号选系3份、云南地方品种3份、广西地方品种5份、四川地方品种3份、盘县地方品种10份、晴隆地方品种5份、兴仁地方品种5份、正安地方品种4份、安龙地方品种4份(表1)。
表1
Table 1
表1(Table 1)
表1 50份薏苡种质信息 Table 1 Information of 50 accessions of Job’ s tears germplasm
编号
Number
名称
Name
来源
Origin
YG01yy13-1野生种 Wild species
YG02yy13-2野生种 Wild species
YG03yy13-3野生种 Wild species
YG04粱丰薏16-2 Liangfengyi 16-2黔薏苡2号选系 Derived from Qianyiyi 2
YG05黔薏苡1号 Qianyiyi 1国审品种 National authorized cultivar
YG06黔薏苡16-1 Qianyiyi 16-1黔薏苡1号选系 Derived from Qianyiyi 1
YG07粱丰薏16-1 Liangfengyi 16-1黔薏苡1号选系 Derived from Qianyiyi 1
YG08黔薏苡16-2 Qianyiyi 16-2黔薏苡2号选系 Derived from Qianyiyi 2
YG09粱丰薏14-1 Liangfengyi 14-1黔薏苡1号选系 Derived from Qianyiyi 1
YG10粱丰薏14-2 Liangfengyi 14-2黔薏苡2号选系 Derived from Qianyiyi 2
YG11yy07-8盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG12yy12-1正安地方品种 Landrace in Zheng’ an
YG13yy04-2云南地方品种 Landrace in Yunnan
YG14yy07-2盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG15yy04-7云南地方品种 Landrace in Yunnan
YG16yy07-3盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG17yy03-6晴隆地方品种 Landrace in Qinglong
YG18yy07-5盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG19yy11-2广西地方品种 Landrace in Guangxi
YG20yy07-1盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG21黔薏苡2号 Qianyiyi 2国审品种 National authorized cultivar
YG22yy11-8广西地方品种 Landrace in Guangxi
YG23yy08-9安龙地方品种 Landrace in Anlong
YG24yy18-2兴仁地方品种 Landrace in Xingren
YG25yy07-4盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG26yy03-4晴隆地方品种 Landrace in Qinglong
YG27yy18-1兴仁地方品种 Landrace in Xingren
YG28yy12-2正安地方品种 Landrace in Zheng’ an
YG29yy14-5广西地方品种 Landrace in Guangxi
YG30yy08-4安龙地方品种 Landrace in Anlong
YG31yy14-2广西地方品种 Landrace in Guangxi
YG32yy16-3兴仁地方品种 Landrace in Xingren
YG33yy07-6盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG34yy14-6广西地方品种 Landrace in Guangxi
YG35yy03-2晴隆地方品种 Landrace in Qinglong
YG36yy03-8晴隆地方品种 Landrace in Qinglong
YG37yy14-3四川地方品种 Landrace in Sichuan
YG38yy14-10四川地方品种 Landrace in Sichuan
YG39yy03-7晴隆地方品种 Landrace in Qinglong
YG40yy14-7四川地方品种 Landrace in Sichuan
YG41yy07-7盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG42yy06-1兴仁地方品种 Landrace in Xingren
YG43yy07-10盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG44yy12-3正安地方品种 Landrace in Zheng’ an
YG45yy04-6云南地方品种 Landrace in Yunnan
YG46yy19-8安龙地方品种 Landrace in Anlong
YG47yy18-4兴仁地方品种 Landrace in Xingren
YG48yy08-5安龙地方品种 Landrace in Anlong
YG49yy07-9盘县地方品种 Landrace in Panxian
YG50yy12-7正安地方品种 Landrace in Zheng’ an

表1 50份薏苡种质信息 Table 1 Information of 50 accessions of Job’ s tears germplasm

1.2 试验设计2015— 2016连续2年在贵州省旱粮研究所旱棚内进行田间试验。试验地土壤为黄壤土, 含有机质27.93 g kg-1、全氮1.45 g kg-1、全磷1.01 g kg-1、全钾14.23 g kg-1、碱解氮93.1 mg kg-1、有效磷31.33 mg kg-1、速效钾656.67 mg kg-1, pH 7.6。
设正常灌水(CK)和干旱胁迫(T) 2个处理, 3次重复, 对各处理供试材料采用随机区组排列, 小区面积10 m2 (2.5 m × 4.0 m), 行距50 cm, 穴距20 cm, 每穴留苗2株, 种植5行, 小区之间留一空行, 区组间隔60 cm, 播种行与区组走向垂直, 试验地四周播种3行保护行, 分别于2015年4月15日和2016年4月12日人工直播。播种前施总养分≥ 45%的高效复合肥(含N 14%、P2O5 16%、K2O 15%) 300 kg hm-2作为种肥。小区之间埋40 cm深的透明塑料薄膜防水。干旱胁迫处理分别于播种前和苗期灌水至田间持水量的80.0% (16.5%绝对含水量), 之后不再灌水, 使其充分受旱。对照处理按当地大田生产管理, 分别于播种前、苗期、孕穗期、抽穗期和灌浆期灌水至田间持水量的80.0% (16.5%绝对含水量), 以满足正常生长发育的水分需求。
1.3 测定项目与方法于成熟期收获前3 d, 从每小区随机选择10株植株, 量取主茎自地面至植株顶端总苞的距离, 即为株高(plant height, PH); 用游标卡尺量取主茎中部最长节间中部的直径(不包括叶鞘), 即为茎粗(culm diameter, CD); 调查植株地上部节位叶芽萌生的能够结实的一级分枝数目, 即为分枝数(branch number, BN); 调查主茎具有的可见实际节数, 即为主茎节数(culm node number, CNN); 调查单株一级分蘖总数(包括有效分蘖和无效分蘖), 即为分蘖数(tiller number, TN)。人工脱粒后调查单株粒数(grain number per plant, GNPP), 待自然充分干燥后测定单株粒重(grain weight per plant, GWPP)、千粒重(1000-grain weight, TGW)和产量(yield, Y)。
1.4 数据处理与分析用Microsoft Excel 2013整理数据, 用SPSS 19统计分析。以2015和2016两年的平均值作为基础数据, 参照兰巨生[32]、尹利等[33]、祁旭升等[22]、张彦军等[23]、罗俊杰等[24]的方法, 采用配对处理t检验对各指标测定值进行平均数差异显著性检测。按公式(1)和(2)分别计算单项抗旱系数(drought resistance coefficient, DC)和综合抗旱系数(comprehensive drought resistance coefficient, CDC)。式中xi和CKi分别表示干旱胁迫和正常灌水处理的指标测定值。
$DC=\frac{{{x}_{i}}}{\text{C}{{\text{K}}_{i}}}$ (1)
$CDC=\frac{1}{n}\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{DC}$ (2)
针对各指标DC值, 进行简单相关分析、连续变数次数分布统计分析和主成分分析。按公式(3)、(4)和(5)分别计算因子权重系数(ω i)、各基因型各综合指标的隶属函数值[μ (xi)]和抗旱性度量值(drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value, D)。式中Pi为第i个综合指标贡献率, 表示第i个指标在所有指标中的重要程度, xiximaxximin分别表示第i个综合指标及第i个综合指标的最大值和最小值。
${{\omega }_{i}}={{P}_{i}}\div \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{P}_{i}}}$ (3)
$\mu ({{x}_{i}})=\frac{{{x}_{i}}-{{x}_{imin}}}{{{x}_{imax}}-{{x}_{imin}}}$ (4)
$D=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{\left[ \mu ({{x}_{i}})\times \left( {{P}_{i}}\div \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{P}_{i}}} \right) \right]}$ (5)
以各指标DC值为比较序列, D值为参考序列进行灰色关联度分析, 获得各指标DC值与D值间的关联度(γ D), 按公式(6)和(7)分别计算各指标权重系数[ω i(γ )]和加权抗旱系数(weight drought resistance coefficient, WDC)。式中γ i为各指标关联度。
${{\omega }_{i(\gamma )}}={{\gamma }_{i}}\div \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{\gamma }_{i}}}$ (6)
$WDC=\sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{\left[ DC\times \left( {{\gamma }_{i}}\div \sum\limits_{i=1}^{n}{{{\gamma }_{i}}} \right) \right]}$ (7)
以各指标DC值为比较序列, WDC值为参考序列进行灰色关联度分析, 获得各指标DC值与WDC值间的关联度(γ WDC)。最后针对供试薏苡种质D值, 采用欧氏距离和加权配对算术平均法(weighted pair group method average, WPGMA)进行聚类分析, 划分抗旱级别, 并分别以D值、CDC值和WDC值为参考序列, 对各指标DC值进行逐步回归分析, 求取回归方程。

2 结果与分析2.1 供试种质的代表性及其指标测定值分析干旱胁迫对供试种质各指标测定值均有显著影响, 处理间和种质间的差异均达显著水平(表2)。种质间变异系数介于0.071~0.478之间, 说明本试验所选薏苡种质类型丰富, 所选指标对干旱胁迫反应较敏感, 干旱胁迫处理效果好, 具有较好的代表性。此外, 供试种质各指标在干旱胁迫和正常灌水处理下测定值的相关系数介于0.174~0.848之间, 进一步说明各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性存在差异, 采用各指标测定值难以直接考察其抗旱性。
表2
Table 2
表2(Table 2)
表2 干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下供试薏苡种质各指标测定值及其均值差异性分析 Table 2 Measured values of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm under drought stress and normal irrigation and its mean variance analysis
编号
Code
株高
PH
(cm)
茎粗
CD
(mm)
分枝数
BN
(number)
主茎节数
CNN
(node)
分蘖数
TN
(number)
单株粒数
GNPP
(grain)
单株粒重
GWPP
(g)
千粒重
TGW
(g)
产量
Y
(kg hm-2)
CKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKT
YG01194.68124.688.683.396.675.2710.578.074.774.19103.1959.7296.2378.1589.8375.244975.283694.67
YG02212.36167.139.237.677.155.0612.5811.235.854.2897.4669.2289.8375.2485.6047.354840.283346.82
YG03224.78196.239.036.754.942.436.584.496.274.1295.3266.2285.6047.35101.5049.044625.363879.40
YG04209.87183.2210.114.334.642.237.034.134.071.81126.0397.07106.5869.2581.1324.804524.113209.25
YG05235.09210.886.813.384.942.666.973.133.261.31106.4064.8381.1324.80111.6524.335920.064533.46
YG06183.64109.277.705.504.703.177.794.034.122.57127.1056.49107.3360.4899.8147.914353.593093.30
YG07193.2284.247.102.424.192.406.614.533.671.95120.2561.23111.4676.7491.3535.195200.862737.59
YG08211.49151.008.445.912.611.938.683.982.291.57112.9562.7496.0977.2772.7453.164920.212967.53
YG09209.71169.0310.559.622.021.546.223.542.781.26110.4875.91113.3491.71104.5573.374621.803040.24
YG10212.36191.5510.498.713.322.009.926.452.911.6399.2377.7589.4782.35111.6556.524520.563678.95
YG11198.75142.1110.329.343.713.107.115.153.262.5299.8688.02108.5351.49110.9793.214378.463450.98
YG12193.24103.969.918.902.831.928.465.542.481.56115.7494.0987.7869.25116.0553.535106.724176.16
YG13180.3876.6610.429.003.942.729.024.923.462.21103.9086.9699.4545.1682.8962.514584.503859.75
YG14209.44164.629.588.584.313.048.337.283.782.46123.7487.13104.5569.65104.5569.655459.973867.11
YG15210.56169.297.393.743.052.4210.139.562.681.97114.8049.85114.1039.47114.1039.475065.302212.73
YG16201.49144.879.807.883.472.3311.7910.043.041.89106.6684.4493.2536.1793.2526.175062.313835.72
YG17198.76106.938.956.547.634.779.497.585.322.14108.4483.15109.5979.80109.5979.804639.693776.92
YG18223.47188.8310.529.977.504.336.705.466.693.88109.9659.29109.2442.39109.2442.394851.612768.79
YG19235.86190.817.826.294.363.147.653.986.583.52125.8455.20109.3437.58109.5933.995972.392578.08
YG20215.77161.619.868.154.823.546.165.013.822.56102.7570.48109.5933.99112.2893.614876.873035.42
YG21205.78171.009.267.384.833.516.165.144.222.8899.4175.59112.2893.61101.4053.894717.943255.48
YG22214.59135.6210.485.694.763.186.666.014.242.85127.03105.04101.4053.8997.5863.926029.084905.70
YG23209.87149.859.444.474.091.667.043.224.182.58104.4579.0897.5863.9287.5847.204957.513832.24
YG24224.68136.838.847.825.695.2711.4610.623.581.35121.4680.4987.5847.20100.5752.635911.343759.12
YG25198.76136.557.855.445.013.968.416.044.393.2296.2050.92100.5752.6385.2428.894523.902390.96
YG26204.43151.6910.068.244.363.2210.407.043.832.6193.8366.3185.2428.8999.9366.674693.922644.20
YG27224.89219.9410.7310.595.445.288.108.094.994.62118.37108.6193.2987.39100.1597.506133.965680.05
YG28213.54115.109.593.723.401.7510.297.982.981.4287.0435.8999.9366.67113.1650.284370.521795.40
YG29224.98111.827.853.103.811.9810.556.683.341.6188.3838.24113.1650.2888.1868.064882.423032.97
YG30209.8783.747.315.022.691.8612.208.122.361.13102.8764.5988.1868.0692.2950.284590.432825.84
YG31214.33114.888.454.845.433.5711.256.514.772.9096.7265.6192.2950.2885.8257.785396.742578.08
YG32178.43117.417.874.306.073.169.268.105.332.57113.7155.2085.8257.78109.9034.105780.514027.96
YG33209.89126.149.548.934.192.059.026.973.681.67121.7986.25109.9034.10105.1082.895096.603784.14
YG34215.76129.2410.064.076.725.407.856.185.894.39107.3887.86105.1082.8994.3553.064967.423608.27
YG35223.46186.148.305.247.736.489.797.797.075.57114.6683.7894.3553.0692.5875.004523.903285.17
YG36249.31227.879.949.436.406.149.508.996.525.9394.5083.37110.25102.1993.2988.394463.723906.92
YG37214.59150.438.165.532.631.4210.617.992.311.1699.9776.2892.5875.0095.5056.134668.052988.26
YG38234.07203.878.306.473.732.867.646.143.272.3282.3169.38103.1729.17116.1893.195091.243690.35
YG39215.87127.1510.105.517.024.428.645.156.163.59109.5382.62108.1368.5893.7569.604988.813149.72
YG40205.78105.368.323.374.213.719.267.803.693.01106.5565.7595.5056.1397.0071.304927.993054.27
YG41214.96114.5710.564.722.772.038.206.722.431.22103.8367.24116.1893.19105.2136.525261.552897.46
编号
Code
株高
PH
(cm)
茎粗
CD
(mm)
分枝数
BN
(number)
主茎节数
CNN
(node)
分蘖数
TN
(number)
单株粒数
GNPP
(grain)
单株粒重
GWPP
(g)
千粒重
TGW
(g)
产量
Y
(kg hm-2)
CKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKTCKT
YG42211.41139.119.254.744.853.267.075.184.262.65119.2565.2893.7569.60128.5996.955374.934193.39
YG43187.7574.728.546.785.684.978.136.404.984.04121.8294.4897.0071.30107.2989.284873.053261.44
YG44208.5186.537.494.968.017.359.494.895.544.53102.6771.80105.2146.5285.9551.134643.181957.45
YG45214.98116.528.096.513.841.6110.215.643.951.3097.8343.09108.5956.9597.0343.874817.933825.92
YG46179.4970.189.352.245.351.8712.404.152.930.93120.8846.35117.5732.3294.9420.004303.991685.37
YG47223.49166.509.353.977.135.9011.137.476.264.79101.5169.6885.9551.13103.1729.174332.831983.52
YG48211.67133.148.837.186.626.1312.918.595.814.9891.2936.1397.0343.87117.5732.324950.233110.52
YG49193.2788.717.826.225.764.3010.985.355.063.49104.3056.65107.2989.28108.1368.584571.701886.11
YG50198.8859.477.111.274.820.9812.722.824.970.9796.3234.3594.9420.00109.2419.205736.902164.48
Ave.209.84139.748.996.084.883.389.106.324.282.71107.1269.91100.4559.68100.3856.584961.643258.07
CV0.0710.2970.1230.3720.3130.4570.2120.3140.3090.4780.1060.2530.0970.3410.1130.3870.0980.248
SE4.5680.2580.1210.2640.1062.3472.9633.2021.929
t15.3511.3012.2810.5414.8115.8513.7613.6816.83
P0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001* * 0.0001
r0.7270.6000.8480.5440.8370.4150.1740.1910.478
PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant; Data are the mean across 2015 and 2016. CK: normal water supply treatments; T: repeated drought treatments. * * : significantly different at P < 0.01.
数据为2015和2016两年的平均值。CK: 正常供水处理; T: 反复干旱处理。* * 表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。

表2 干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下供试薏苡种质各指标测定值及其均值差异性分析 Table 2 Measured values of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm under drought stress and normal irrigation and its mean variance analysis

2.2 单项指标分析与正常灌水处理相比, 供试种质在干旱胁迫处理后, 各指标均发生不同程度变化(表3)。同一指标各种质的DC值差异明显, 变异系数介于0.216~ 0.372之间, 但不同种质间DC值所反映的抗旱性不同, 且同一种质各指标的DC值存在较大差异, 说明各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性各异。
表3
Table 3
表3(Table 3)
表3 供试薏苡种质各指标的抗旱系数 Table 3 Drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
编号
Code
株高
PH
茎粗
CD
分枝数
BN
主茎节数
CNN
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数
GNPP
单株粒重
GWPP
千粒重
TGW
产量
Y
YG010.6400.3910.7900.7640.8790.5790.8120.8380.743
YG020.7870.8310.7090.8930.7320.7100.8380.5530.691
YG030.8730.7480.4920.6820.6570.6950.5530.4830.839
YG040.8730.4280.4800.5870.4450.7700.6500.3060.709
YG050.8970.4960.5370.4490.4020.6090.3060.2180.766
YG060.5950.7140.6740.5170.6250.4440.5630.4800.711
YG070.4360.3420.5730.6850.5310.5090.6880.3850.526
YG080.7140.7010.7370.4590.6830.5550.8040.7310.603
YG090.8060.9120.7630.5700.4520.6870.8090.7020.658
YG100.9020.8310.6020.6510.5580.7840.9200.5060.814
YG110.7150.9050.8340.7250.7730.8810.4740.8400.788
YG120.5380.8980.6780.6540.6290.8130.7890.4610.818
YG130.4250.8640.6890.5450.6390.8370.4540.7540.842
YG140.7860.8960.7050.8740.6490.7040.6660.6660.708
YG150.8040.5060.7930.9440.7350.4340.3460.3460.437
YG160.7190.8050.6710.8510.6220.7920.3880.2810.758
编号
Code
株高
PH
茎粗
CD
分枝数
BN
主茎节数
CNN
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数
GNPP
单株粒重
GWPP
千粒重
TGW
产量
Y
YG170.5380.7310.6250.7990.4010.7670.7280.7280.814
YG180.8450.9480.5770.8140.5800.5390.3880.3880.571
YG190.8090.8050.7220.5210.5350.4390.3440.3100.432
YG200.7490.8260.7360.8120.6690.6860.3100.8340.622
YG210.8310.7970.7260.8340.6820.7600.8340.5310.690
YG220.6320.5430.6680.9030.6730.8270.5310.6550.814
YG230.7140.4740.4060.4580.6190.7570.6550.5390.773
YG240.6090.8850.9260.9260.3770.6630.5390.5230.636
YG250.6870.6940.7920.7190.7340.5290.5230.3390.529
YG260.7420.8190.7370.6770.6830.7070.3390.6670.563
YG270.9780.9870.9710.9980.9260.9180.9370.9740.926
YG280.5390.3880.5150.7760.4770.4120.6670.4440.411
YG290.4970.3960.5200.6330.4820.4330.4440.7720.621
YG300.3990.6870.6910.6660.4770.6280.7720.5450.616
YG310.5360.5720.6570.5790.6090.6780.5450.6730.478
YG320.6580.5470.5200.8750.4820.4850.6730.3100.697
YG330.6010.9360.4890.7720.4530.7080.3100.7890.742
YG340.5990.4050.8050.7860.7460.8180.7890.5620.726
YG350.8330.6310.8380.7960.7880.7310.5620.8100.726
YG360.9140.9490.9600.9470.9090.8820.9270.9470.875
YG370.7010.6780.5410.7530.5010.7630.8100.5880.640
YG380.8710.7790.7670.8040.7110.8430.2830.8020.725
YG390.5890.5450.6290.5960.5830.7540.6340.7420.631
YG400.5120.4060.8800.8420.8160.6170.5880.7350.620
YG410.5330.4470.7330.8190.5020.6480.8020.3470.551
YG420.6580.5130.6710.7330.6220.5470.7420.7540.780
YG430.3980.7940.8760.7870.8120.7760.7350.8320.669
YG440.4150.6620.9180.5150.8180.6990.4420.5950.422
YG450.5420.8050.4180.5520.3280.4400.5240.4520.794
YG460.3910.2390.3500.3350.3180.3830.2750.2110.392
YG470.7450.4250.8260.6710.7660.6860.5950.2830.458
YG480.6290.8130.9250.6650.8580.3960.4520.2750.628
YG490.4590.7960.7450.4870.6910.5430.8320.6340.413
YG500.2990.1780.2030.2220.1950.3570.2110.1760.377
平均值 Ave.0.6590.6670.6820.6980.6170.6520.5960.5660.655
变异系数 CV0.2510.3120.2410.2390.2640.2310.3320.3720.216
PH: plant height; SD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.

表3 供试薏苡种质各指标的抗旱系数 Table 3 Drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

相关分析表明(表4), 各指标都至少与一个其他指标呈显著或极显著相关。其中, 产量与主茎节数、分蘖数、单株粒数、单株粒重和千粒重呈极显著正相关, 与茎粗呈显著正相关, 与株高和分枝数不相关。此外, 同一区间各指标DC值分布次数和频率相差较大(表5)。DC > 0.6的株高、茎粗、分枝数、主茎节数、分蘖数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重和产量的分布频率分别为62%、62%、72%、70%、60%、66%、48%、44%和72%, 各指标对干旱胁迫的敏感性由强至弱依次为千粒重、单株粒重、分蘖数、茎粗、株高、单株粒数、主茎节数、产量和分枝数。因此, 直接采用这些指标会由于指标间信息重叠, 很难客观、准确地评价各种质的抗旱性, 从而影响抗旱鉴定结果。
表4
Table 4
表4(Table 4)
表4 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数的相关性 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标
Index
株高
PH
茎粗
CD
分枝数
BN
主茎节数
CNN
分蘖数
TN
单株粒数
GNPP
单株粒重
GWPP
千粒重
TGW
茎粗 CD0.409* *
分枝数 BN0.2350.431* *
主茎节数 CNN0.396* * 0.347* 0.531* *
分蘖数 TN0.317* 0.286* 0.481* * 0.452* *
单株粒数 GNPP0.365* * 0.446* * 0.378* * 0.408* * 0.401* *
单株粒重 GWPP0.1300.1440.290* 0.298* 0.282* 0.348*
千粒重 TGW0.1100.390* * 0.450* * 0.358* * 0.481* * 0.445* * 0.316*
产量 Y0.2120.341* 0.1220.372* * 0.417* * 0.433* * 0.442* * 0.452* *
* and * * are significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. PH: plant height; SD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.
* * * 分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。

表4 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数的相关性 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

表5
Table 5
表5(Table 5)
表5 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数在不同区间的分布 Table 5 Distributions in different DC intervals for drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标
Index
0 < DC < 0.20.2 < DC < 0.40.4 < DC < 0.60.6 < DC < 0.80.8 < DC < 1
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
次数
Times
频率
Freq. (%)
株高 PH0048153018361326
茎粗 CD12510132613261836
分枝数 BN0024122425501122
主茎节数 CNN0024132620401530
分蘖数 TN123616322346714
单株粒数 GNPP003614282550816
单株粒重 GWPP001122153013261122
千粒重 TGW12132614281428816
产量 Y002412242856816
Freq.: frequency. PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.

表5 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数在不同区间的分布 Table 5 Distributions in different DC intervals for drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

2.3 主成分分析各因子特征值中前6个因子的累计贡献率达90.80%, 其特征根λ > 0.530 (表6)。因此, 抽取前6个因子, 将具有相同本质的变量归为一类, 可将原来各单项指标转换成6个新的相互独立的综合指标(分别用F1、F2、F3、F4、F5和F6表示)。F1在单株粒数上有较高载荷量, F2在分枝数、分蘖数和产量上有较高载荷量, F3在株高和单株粒重上有较高载荷量, F4在千粒重上有较高载荷量, F5在茎粗上有较高载荷量, F6在主茎节数上有较高载荷量。
表6
Table 6
表6(Table 6)
表6 供试薏苡种质各指标主成分的特征向量及贡献率 Table 6 Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标
Index
因子载荷 Factor loading
F1F2F3F4F5F6
株高 PH0.2720.289-0.5890.351-0.0760.381
茎粗 CD0.3250.190-0.295-0.4030.713-0.164
分枝数 BN0.360-0.534-0.119-0.0570.1560.028
主茎节数 CNN0.349-0.109-0.1840.329-0.263-0.789
分蘖数 TN0.360-0.473-0.0750.010-0.1990.408
单株粒数 GNPP0.3830.2610.176-0.144-0.2490.163
单株粒重 GWPP0.2480.0060.5570.6170.4720.098
千粒重 TGW0.350-0.0540.388-0.450-0.183-0.047
产量 Y0.3310.5370.147-0.009-0.187-0.005
特征根 Characteristic root4.0121.2551.0080.8000.5660.530
贡献率 Contribution rate (%)44.5813.9411.208.896.295.89
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate (%)44.5858.5269.7278.6184.9090.80
因子权重 Factor weight0.4910.1540.1230.0980.0690.065
PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.

表6 供试薏苡种质各指标主成分的特征向量及贡献率 Table 6 Eigenvectors and contribution rates of principal components of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

2.4 供试种质抗旱性的综合评价供试种质CDC值和WDC值分别介于0.246~0.957之间和0.244~0.956之间, 平均值分别为0.644和0.640, 变异系数分别为0.179和0.182, 根据CDC值和WDC值的大小对供试种质进行抗旱性排序, 其结果基本相同(表7)。其中, 抗旱性强的种质有yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2, 抗旱性弱的种质有yy19-8和yy12-7, 其余种质介于两者之间。
表7
Table 7
表7(Table 7)
表7 供试薏苡种质抗旱性评价的CDC值、WDC值及D值 Table 7 CDC value, WDC value, and D value of drought resistance evaluation in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
编号
Code
隶属函数 Subordinate function valueCDC值
CDC value
排序
Rank
D值
D value
排序
Rank
WDC值
WDC value
排序
Rank
μ 1μ 2μ 3μ 4μ 5μ 6
YG010.6610.2670.9580.7850.1700.7050.715110.618150.71611
YG020.6990.5760.5530.8650.6120.4790.74940.65870.7465
YG030.5980.9560.4040.6700.3480.7370.669200.628120.66224
YG040.4780.9810.5540.9450.2690.8360.583410.619140.57840
YG050.3991.0000.2040.6520.2670.9020.520460.515340.50648
YG060.4790.5430.5900.5050.6710.6950.591400.533310.58639
YG070.3820.3880.8800.8440.3970.4170.519470.493400.51746
YG080.5670.4490.7890.5730.7590.9570.665230.615170.67019
YG090.6220.7460.6590.5550.9230.6950.706120.66560.70812
YG100.6640.9880.6530.8830.7270.7920.77130.74730.7693
YG110.7560.6010.5620.1820.3440.6630.730100.617160.7299
YG120.6380.7720.8380.5510.7420.5790.698130.67840.69713
YG130.6180.7330.8940.0000.4420.6090.672190.597200.67418
YG140.6880.6540.4750.6160.5620.3950.74080.622130.7358
YG150.5000.1270.0000.8450.2210.3590.594380.386480.57741
YG160.6000.7530.2330.5810.3300.3930.654260.544300.64127
YG170.6100.8680.9670.5240.4860.2090.681170.65180.68217
YG180.5310.6680.0150.5740.6330.3760.628290.489410.61630
YG190.4130.4360.0260.4960.7790.7300.546430.423470.53543
YG200.6390.5050.3320.2140.2750.4210.694150.500380.68916
YG210.6920.6360.5460.8700.6010.5780.74360.66950.7407
YG220.6560.6670.7120.5910.0000.3670.694140.594220.68915
YG230.5000.9240.8510.6500.2391.0000.599360.637100.60235
YG240.6080.5200.4240.5130.7060.0000.676180.530330.66523
YG250.5240.2720.2910.6910.5760.6010.616320.482420.60734
YG260.5900.4780.3090.2580.4030.6350.659250.496390.65525
YG271.0000.6080.6190.7130.4670.6300.95710.80410.9561
YG280.3610.3620.7070.9060.4530.2720.514480.458450.51147
YG290.4000.5290.8430.4260.1990.3930.533450.463430.53245
YG300.5020.5110.9780.5730.7370.3440.609340.575240.61133
YG310.4860.3850.7770.3990.4220.6520.592390.504360.59537
YG320.4680.7020.5431.0000.4420.2120.583420.547280.57242
YG330.5650.9130.5350.0920.3880.1910.644270.532320.64126
YG340.6470.4220.9150.8400.1760.6380.693160.631110.69214
YG350.7140.4570.5170.5530.1810.6850.74650.596210.7426
YG360.9510.5450.6670.6880.5020.6430.92320.77720.9232
YG370.5760.7810.7930.7780.5360.4830.664240.64590.66621
编号
Code
隶属函数 Subordinate function valueCDC值
CDC value
排序
Rank
D值
D value
排序
Rank
WDC值
WDC value
排序
Rank
μ 1μ 2μ 3μ 4μ 5μ 6
YG380.7060.6460.2670.2550.0810.6020.73290.549270.72510
YG390.5470.5930.9070.4660.3290.6800.634280.584230.63828
YG400.6120.0970.8000.6030.1120.4560.668220.510350.66522
YG410.4950.4080.7980.9790.4950.3230.598370.556250.59438
YG420.5880.5840.8640.7210.3380.5240.669210.613180.66720
YG430.7060.2461.0000.3380.5270.4280.74270.605190.7474
YG440.5280.0000.6760.1860.5160.8010.610330.448460.61232
YG450.3980.9900.6600.4490.7380.3570.540440.547290.53344
YG460.1070.5470.6610.4990.3440.6390.322490.332490.31849
YG470.5200.2050.3980.8850.3320.8560.606350.501370.60036
YG480.5440.1390.1770.5690.7140.6570.627300.458440.61231
YG490.5030.1910.9020.4801.0000.7420.622310.552260.63029
YG500.0000.6820.7710.4050.3320.6350.246500.304500.24450
平均值 Ave.0.6440.5620.640
变异系数 CV0.1790.1780.182
μ 1, μ 2, μ 3, μ 4, μ 5, and μ 6 are subordinate function values of six factors, respectively.
μ 1μ 2μ 3μ 4μ 5μ 6分别表示6个因子的隶属函数值。

表7 供试薏苡种质抗旱性评价的CDC值、WDC值及D值 Table 7 CDC value, WDC value, and D value of drought resistance evaluation in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

供试种质D值介于0.304~0.804之间, 平均值为0.562, 变异系数为0.178, 根据D值的大小对供试种质进行抗旱性排序, 其抗旱性强的种质有yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2, 抗旱性弱的种质有yy19-8和yy12-7, 其余种质介于两者之间(表7)。这与基于CDC值和WDC值的供试种质抗旱性评价结果基本吻合。
2.5 灰色关联度分析各指标DC值与D值间的关联度大小依次为千粒重、单株粒重、单株粒数、分蘖数、茎粗、株高、分枝数、主茎节数和产量(表8)。说明各指标DC值与D值的密切程度依次为千粒重、单株粒重、单株粒数、分蘖数、茎粗、株高、分枝数、主茎节数和产量。这与各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性基本吻合。
表8
Table 8
表8(Table 8)
表8 供试薏苡种质各指标DC值与D值和WDC值的关联度及各指标权重 Table 8 Correlation degree between DC value of all indices and D value together with WDC value and indices weight in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标
Index
关联度
γ D
排序
Rank
权重系数
Weight
关联度
γ WDC
排序
Rank
株高 PH0.49960.1010.4717
茎粗 CD0.55450.1120.5604
分枝数 BN0.49370.1000.5096
主茎节数 CNN0.47980.0970.4448
分蘖数 TN0.56740.1150.5145
单株粒数 GNPP0.62030.1250.5982
单株粒重 GWPP0.62420.1260.5843
千粒重 TGW0.62910.1270.6951
产量 Y0.47590.0960.4109
PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.

表8 供试薏苡种质各指标DC值与D值和WDC值的关联度及各指标权重 Table 8 Correlation degree between DC value of all indices and D value together with WDC value and indices weight in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

各指标DC值与WDC值间的关联度大小依次为千粒重、单株粒数、单株粒重、茎粗、分蘖数、分枝数、株高、主茎节数和产量(表8)。说明各指标DC值与WDC值的密切程度依次为千粒重、单株粒数、单株粒重、茎粗、分蘖数、分枝数、株高、主茎节数和产量。这与各指标DC值与D值的密切程度基本吻合。
2.6 聚类分析及抗旱级别的划分在λ = 10处将50份供试种质分为5类(图1)。其中第I类为高度抗旱型种质, 有yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2共3份, 占总数的6%; 第II类为抗旱型种质, 共20份, 占总数的40%; 第III类为中等抗旱型种质, 共19份, 占总数的38%; 第IV类为敏感型种质, 共6份, 占总数的12%; 第V类为高度敏感型种质, 有yy19-8和yy12-7共2份, 占总数的4%。
图1
Fig. 1
Figure OptionViewDownloadNew Window
图1 基于D值的供试薏苡种质抗旱性系统聚类图
I、II、III、IV、V表示不同抗旱级别。代码同表1Fig. 1 Fuzzy clustering dendrogram of drought resistance in tested Job’ s tears germplasm based on D value
I, II, III, IV, and V represent different drought resistance levels. Codes correspond with those given in Table 1.

根据供试种质的抗旱性聚类分析及抗旱级别划分结果, 对供试种质抗旱性评价指标进行分级统计, 结果表明(表9), 除分枝数和主茎节数外, 其余指标的隶属函数值、CDC值、D值和WDC值均随抗旱级别的升高而增大。此外, CDC值、D值和WDC值在不同抗旱级别上的差异较大, 可为其他薏苡种质抗旱级别的划分提供依据。
表9
Table 9
表9(Table 9)
表9 供试薏苡种质抗旱性评价指标的分级 Table 9 Classification of drought resistance evaluation indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标
Index
隶属函数 Subordinate function value
IIIIIIIVV
株高 PH0.9310.5630.5000.4660.243
茎粗 CD0.9200.6260.6210.5150.231
分枝数 BN0.8350.6350.6230.6890.210
主茎节数 CNN0.8290.6260.6310.5840.277
分蘖数 TN0.8250.6310.6240.5290.196
单株粒数 GNPP0.8990.6750.4670.2570.200
单株粒重 GWPP0.9880.6570.4320.3290.305
千粒重 TGW0.7940.6040.4190.3520.187
产量 Y0.9010.6580.4420.2090.168
CDC值 CDC value0.8700.6930.6190.5710.411
D值 D value0.7760.6260.5240.4390.427
WDC值 WDC value0.8690.6920.6130.5630.409
I, II, III, IV, and V represent different drought resistance levels. PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.
I、II、III、IV、V表示不同抗旱级别。

表9 供试薏苡种质抗旱性评价指标的分级 Table 9 Classification of drought resistance evaluation indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

2.7 抗旱指标的筛选分别以D值、CDC值和WDC值为参考序列, 对各指标DC值进行逐步回归分析, 得到的3个回归方程的决定系数R2 ≈ 1, F检验均达极显著水平(表10)。说明模型拟合度好, 回归方程最优, 其解释能力强, 预测精度高, 用这3个方程进行薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性评价效果好。
表1
Table 1
表1(Table 1)
表10 供试薏苡种质抗旱性模型预测 Table 10 Model predict of drought resistance in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
因变量
Dependent variable
多元逐步回归方程
Multiple stepwise regression equation
决定系数
R2
F
F value
统计量
Statistic
P
P value
相关系数 R
CDC值
CDC value
WDC值
WDC value
产量
Y
D值 D valuey=0.05+0.25x5+0.16x7+0.27x80.995837.73* * 1.940.00010.813* * 0.796* * 0.868* *
CDC值 CDC valuey=0.03+0.14x5+0.15x7+0.12x8+0.13x90.995542.08* * 2.250.00010.938* * 0.824* *
WDC值 WDC valuey=0.03+0.12x5+0.16x7+0.14x8+0.14x90.996715.65* * 2.240.00010.826* *
x5: tiller number; x7: grain weight per plant; x8: 1000-grain weight; x9: yield. * * : significant correlation at P < 0.01.
x5: 分蘖数; x7: 单株粒重; x8: 千粒重; x9: 产量。* * 表示在P < 0.01水平显著相关。

表10 供试薏苡种质抗旱性模型预测 Table 10 Model predict of drought resistance in tested Job’ s tears germplasm

根据D值与各指标DC值的回归方程可知(表10), 在薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定中, 有选择性地测定与D值密切相关的指标, 如分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重, 可有效鉴定薏苡种质资源的抗旱性, 从而使鉴定工作简化。此外, 相关分析还表明, 供试种质产量、D值、CDC值和WDC值两两之间均呈极显著正相关。

3 讨论3.1 薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性评价方法的选择作物抗旱性的综合评价需要选择适宜的评价指标, 多指标多方法相结合的综合评价比较可靠[34, 35, 36, 37]。对于作物抗旱性评价的方法, 大多数采用等权重的评价方法, 却忽视了各项指标的不同重要程度。本研究采用D值、CDC值和WDC值等综合评价指标, 结合单项指标抗旱系数、相关分析、频次分析、主成分分析、灰色关联度分析、隶属函数分析、聚类分析及逐步回归分析, 对薏苡种质资源成株期的抗旱性综合评价值作出评判, 消除因各指标单位不同带来的差异, 同时结合指标变异系数来确定每一个指标在抗旱性评价体系中的权重, 对与抗旱性相关密切的指标分配较高的比重, 以D值为评价指标的评价方法, 既考虑了各指标的重要性, 又考虑到各指标间的相互关系, 评价结果客观、可靠。
3.2 薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性的鉴定作物抗旱性鉴定的最终结果是要划分供试种质的抗旱等级, 以此来判定其抗旱能力[29]。目前, 关于薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱性鉴定的研究还未见报道。在本研究中, 针对D值, 将供试薏苡种质划分为高度抗旱型种质、抗旱型种质、中等抗旱型种质、敏感型种质和高度敏感型种质5类, 这与赵美令[38]在玉米上的研究结果基本一致。此外, 在本研究中, 鉴定出抗旱性强的种质有yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2, 抗旱性弱的种质有yy19-8和yy12-7, 其余种质介于两者之间。这些成株期抗旱性强的薏苡种质可为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。
3.3 薏苡种质资源成株期抗旱指标的筛选作物的抗旱性是复杂的数量性状, 是众多因素、多种机制共同作用的结果, 最终通过各种指标在不同生育时期的一系列变化表现出来[29]。因此, 指标的合理选择是作物抗旱性鉴定的关键。目前, 国内外****在作物成株期抗旱指标筛选方面开展了大量研究工作, 并针对不同的作物筛选出了不同的抗旱指标[19, 21, 22, 24, 25]。本研究中, 由于各指标受干旱胁迫影响的程度不同, 且各指标间存在一定程度的相关性。因此, 直接利用这些指标很难客观、准确地评价各种质的抗旱性, 从而影响抗旱性鉴定结果。各指标与D值的密切程度与各指标对干旱胁迫反应的敏感性及各指标与WDC值的密切程度基本吻合。通过逐步回归分析, 得到与D值密切相关的指标有分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重, 且产量与分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重呈极显著正相关。因此, 分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重可作为薏苡种质资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。

4 结论干旱胁迫对薏苡种质资源成株期各指标均有极显著影响。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的薏苡种质分别为yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2, 可为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重可作为薏苡种质资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.


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