关键词:薏苡; 成株期; 抗旱性; 抗旱指标; 综合评价 Identification and Indices Screening of Drought Resistance at Adult Plant Stage in Job’s Tears Germplasm Resources WANG Can1,2,*, ZHOU Ling-Bo1,2,*, ZHANG Guo-Bing1,2, ZHANG Li-Yi1, XU Yan1, GAO Xu1, JIANG Ne1, SHAO Ming-Bo1,2,* 1 Institute of Upland Food Crops, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 55006, China
2 Guizhou Liangfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550006, China
Fund:This study was supported by the Guizhou Agricultural Research Plan Project (QKHJNZ[2013]4025) and the Special Funds for Guizhou Agricultural Animal and Plant Breeding (QNYZZ[2012]023) AbstractDrought is one of the major problems for Job’s tears production. The plant height, culm diameter, branch number, culm node number, tiller number, grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, 1000-grain weight, and yield of 50 accessions of Job’s tears germplasm were measured in normal irrigation and drought stress treatments. Drought resistance comprehensive evaluation value (D value), comprehensive drought resistance coefficient (CDC value), and weight drought resistance coefficient (WDC value) were used in correlation analysis, frequency analysis, principal component analysis, grey relational analysis, subordinate function analysis, clustering analysis, and stepwise regression analysis to identify and screen drought resistance indices at adult plant stage of tested Job’s tears germplasm. There were differences in response to drought stress and correlations between all indices. Six common factors could represent 90.80% of the original information of Job’s tears drought resistance data. The ranks of drought resistance of tested Job’s tears germplasm based on D value, CDC value, and WDC value were similar. The yield drought resistance coefficient (Y value) of tested Job’s tears germplasm had significant and positive correlation with D value, CDC value, and WDC value. Liangfengyi 14-2, yy03-8, and yy18-1 were identified as drought resistant Job’s tears germplasm at adult plant stage. Tiller number, grain weight per plant, and 1000-grain weight could be used as the intuitive identification indices for drought resistance in Job’s tears germplasm resources at adult plant stage.
Keyword:Job’s tears; Adult plant stage; Drought resistance; Drought resistance indices; Comprehensive evaluation Show Figures Show Figures
表2 干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下供试薏苡种质各指标测定值及其均值差异性分析 Table 2 Measured values of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm under drought stress and normal irrigation and its mean variance analysis
编号 Code
株高 PH (cm)
茎粗 CD (mm)
分枝数 BN (number)
主茎节数 CNN (node)
分蘖数 TN (number)
单株粒数 GNPP (grain)
单株粒重 GWPP (g)
千粒重 TGW (g)
产量 Y (kg hm-2)
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
YG01
194.68
124.68
8.68
3.39
6.67
5.27
10.57
8.07
4.77
4.19
103.19
59.72
96.23
78.15
89.83
75.24
4975.28
3694.67
YG02
212.36
167.13
9.23
7.67
7.15
5.06
12.58
11.23
5.85
4.28
97.46
69.22
89.83
75.24
85.60
47.35
4840.28
3346.82
YG03
224.78
196.23
9.03
6.75
4.94
2.43
6.58
4.49
6.27
4.12
95.32
66.22
85.60
47.35
101.50
49.04
4625.36
3879.40
YG04
209.87
183.22
10.11
4.33
4.64
2.23
7.03
4.13
4.07
1.81
126.03
97.07
106.58
69.25
81.13
24.80
4524.11
3209.25
YG05
235.09
210.88
6.81
3.38
4.94
2.66
6.97
3.13
3.26
1.31
106.40
64.83
81.13
24.80
111.65
24.33
5920.06
4533.46
YG06
183.64
109.27
7.70
5.50
4.70
3.17
7.79
4.03
4.12
2.57
127.10
56.49
107.33
60.48
99.81
47.91
4353.59
3093.30
YG07
193.22
84.24
7.10
2.42
4.19
2.40
6.61
4.53
3.67
1.95
120.25
61.23
111.46
76.74
91.35
35.19
5200.86
2737.59
YG08
211.49
151.00
8.44
5.91
2.61
1.93
8.68
3.98
2.29
1.57
112.95
62.74
96.09
77.27
72.74
53.16
4920.21
2967.53
YG09
209.71
169.03
10.55
9.62
2.02
1.54
6.22
3.54
2.78
1.26
110.48
75.91
113.34
91.71
104.55
73.37
4621.80
3040.24
YG10
212.36
191.55
10.49
8.71
3.32
2.00
9.92
6.45
2.91
1.63
99.23
77.75
89.47
82.35
111.65
56.52
4520.56
3678.95
YG11
198.75
142.11
10.32
9.34
3.71
3.10
7.11
5.15
3.26
2.52
99.86
88.02
108.53
51.49
110.97
93.21
4378.46
3450.98
YG12
193.24
103.96
9.91
8.90
2.83
1.92
8.46
5.54
2.48
1.56
115.74
94.09
87.78
69.25
116.05
53.53
5106.72
4176.16
YG13
180.38
76.66
10.42
9.00
3.94
2.72
9.02
4.92
3.46
2.21
103.90
86.96
99.45
45.16
82.89
62.51
4584.50
3859.75
YG14
209.44
164.62
9.58
8.58
4.31
3.04
8.33
7.28
3.78
2.46
123.74
87.13
104.55
69.65
104.55
69.65
5459.97
3867.11
YG15
210.56
169.29
7.39
3.74
3.05
2.42
10.13
9.56
2.68
1.97
114.80
49.85
114.10
39.47
114.10
39.47
5065.30
2212.73
YG16
201.49
144.87
9.80
7.88
3.47
2.33
11.79
10.04
3.04
1.89
106.66
84.44
93.25
36.17
93.25
26.17
5062.31
3835.72
YG17
198.76
106.93
8.95
6.54
7.63
4.77
9.49
7.58
5.32
2.14
108.44
83.15
109.59
79.80
109.59
79.80
4639.69
3776.92
YG18
223.47
188.83
10.52
9.97
7.50
4.33
6.70
5.46
6.69
3.88
109.96
59.29
109.24
42.39
109.24
42.39
4851.61
2768.79
YG19
235.86
190.81
7.82
6.29
4.36
3.14
7.65
3.98
6.58
3.52
125.84
55.20
109.34
37.58
109.59
33.99
5972.39
2578.08
YG20
215.77
161.61
9.86
8.15
4.82
3.54
6.16
5.01
3.82
2.56
102.75
70.48
109.59
33.99
112.28
93.61
4876.87
3035.42
YG21
205.78
171.00
9.26
7.38
4.83
3.51
6.16
5.14
4.22
2.88
99.41
75.59
112.28
93.61
101.40
53.89
4717.94
3255.48
YG22
214.59
135.62
10.48
5.69
4.76
3.18
6.66
6.01
4.24
2.85
127.03
105.04
101.40
53.89
97.58
63.92
6029.08
4905.70
YG23
209.87
149.85
9.44
4.47
4.09
1.66
7.04
3.22
4.18
2.58
104.45
79.08
97.58
63.92
87.58
47.20
4957.51
3832.24
YG24
224.68
136.83
8.84
7.82
5.69
5.27
11.46
10.62
3.58
1.35
121.46
80.49
87.58
47.20
100.57
52.63
5911.34
3759.12
YG25
198.76
136.55
7.85
5.44
5.01
3.96
8.41
6.04
4.39
3.22
96.20
50.92
100.57
52.63
85.24
28.89
4523.90
2390.96
YG26
204.43
151.69
10.06
8.24
4.36
3.22
10.40
7.04
3.83
2.61
93.83
66.31
85.24
28.89
99.93
66.67
4693.92
2644.20
YG27
224.89
219.94
10.73
10.59
5.44
5.28
8.10
8.09
4.99
4.62
118.37
108.61
93.29
87.39
100.15
97.50
6133.96
5680.05
YG28
213.54
115.10
9.59
3.72
3.40
1.75
10.29
7.98
2.98
1.42
87.04
35.89
99.93
66.67
113.16
50.28
4370.52
1795.40
YG29
224.98
111.82
7.85
3.10
3.81
1.98
10.55
6.68
3.34
1.61
88.38
38.24
113.16
50.28
88.18
68.06
4882.42
3032.97
YG30
209.87
83.74
7.31
5.02
2.69
1.86
12.20
8.12
2.36
1.13
102.87
64.59
88.18
68.06
92.29
50.28
4590.43
2825.84
YG31
214.33
114.88
8.45
4.84
5.43
3.57
11.25
6.51
4.77
2.90
96.72
65.61
92.29
50.28
85.82
57.78
5396.74
2578.08
YG32
178.43
117.41
7.87
4.30
6.07
3.16
9.26
8.10
5.33
2.57
113.71
55.20
85.82
57.78
109.90
34.10
5780.51
4027.96
YG33
209.89
126.14
9.54
8.93
4.19
2.05
9.02
6.97
3.68
1.67
121.79
86.25
109.90
34.10
105.10
82.89
5096.60
3784.14
YG34
215.76
129.24
10.06
4.07
6.72
5.40
7.85
6.18
5.89
4.39
107.38
87.86
105.10
82.89
94.35
53.06
4967.42
3608.27
YG35
223.46
186.14
8.30
5.24
7.73
6.48
9.79
7.79
7.07
5.57
114.66
83.78
94.35
53.06
92.58
75.00
4523.90
3285.17
YG36
249.31
227.87
9.94
9.43
6.40
6.14
9.50
8.99
6.52
5.93
94.50
83.37
110.25
102.19
93.29
88.39
4463.72
3906.92
YG37
214.59
150.43
8.16
5.53
2.63
1.42
10.61
7.99
2.31
1.16
99.97
76.28
92.58
75.00
95.50
56.13
4668.05
2988.26
YG38
234.07
203.87
8.30
6.47
3.73
2.86
7.64
6.14
3.27
2.32
82.31
69.38
103.17
29.17
116.18
93.19
5091.24
3690.35
YG39
215.87
127.15
10.10
5.51
7.02
4.42
8.64
5.15
6.16
3.59
109.53
82.62
108.13
68.58
93.75
69.60
4988.81
3149.72
YG40
205.78
105.36
8.32
3.37
4.21
3.71
9.26
7.80
3.69
3.01
106.55
65.75
95.50
56.13
97.00
71.30
4927.99
3054.27
YG41
214.96
114.57
10.56
4.72
2.77
2.03
8.20
6.72
2.43
1.22
103.83
67.24
116.18
93.19
105.21
36.52
5261.55
2897.46
编号 Code
株高 PH (cm)
茎粗 CD (mm)
分枝数 BN (number)
主茎节数 CNN (node)
分蘖数 TN (number)
单株粒数 GNPP (grain)
单株粒重 GWPP (g)
千粒重 TGW (g)
产量 Y (kg hm-2)
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
CK
T
YG42
211.41
139.11
9.25
4.74
4.85
3.26
7.07
5.18
4.26
2.65
119.25
65.28
93.75
69.60
128.59
96.95
5374.93
4193.39
YG43
187.75
74.72
8.54
6.78
5.68
4.97
8.13
6.40
4.98
4.04
121.82
94.48
97.00
71.30
107.29
89.28
4873.05
3261.44
YG44
208.51
86.53
7.49
4.96
8.01
7.35
9.49
4.89
5.54
4.53
102.67
71.80
105.21
46.52
85.95
51.13
4643.18
1957.45
YG45
214.98
116.52
8.09
6.51
3.84
1.61
10.21
5.64
3.95
1.30
97.83
43.09
108.59
56.95
97.03
43.87
4817.93
3825.92
YG46
179.49
70.18
9.35
2.24
5.35
1.87
12.40
4.15
2.93
0.93
120.88
46.35
117.57
32.32
94.94
20.00
4303.99
1685.37
YG47
223.49
166.50
9.35
3.97
7.13
5.90
11.13
7.47
6.26
4.79
101.51
69.68
85.95
51.13
103.17
29.17
4332.83
1983.52
YG48
211.67
133.14
8.83
7.18
6.62
6.13
12.91
8.59
5.81
4.98
91.29
36.13
97.03
43.87
117.57
32.32
4950.23
3110.52
YG49
193.27
88.71
7.82
6.22
5.76
4.30
10.98
5.35
5.06
3.49
104.30
56.65
107.29
89.28
108.13
68.58
4571.70
1886.11
YG50
198.88
59.47
7.11
1.27
4.82
0.98
12.72
2.82
4.97
0.97
96.32
34.35
94.94
20.00
109.24
19.20
5736.90
2164.48
Ave.
209.84
139.74
8.99
6.08
4.88
3.38
9.10
6.32
4.28
2.71
107.12
69.91
100.45
59.68
100.38
56.58
4961.64
3258.07
CV
0.071
0.297
0.123
0.372
0.313
0.457
0.212
0.314
0.309
0.478
0.106
0.253
0.097
0.341
0.113
0.387
0.098
0.248
SE
4.568
0.258
0.121
0.264
0.106
2.347
2.963
3.202
1.929
t
15.35
11.30
12.28
10.54
14.81
15.85
13.76
13.68
16.83
P
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001* *
0.0001
r
0.727
0.600
0.848
0.544
0.837
0.415
0.174
0.191
0.478
PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant; Data are the mean across 2015 and 2016. CK: normal water supply treatments; T: repeated drought treatments. * * : significantly different at P < 0.01. 数据为2015和2016两年的平均值。CK: 正常供水处理; T: 反复干旱处理。* * 表示在P < 0.01水平差异显著。
表2 干旱胁迫和正常灌水条件下供试薏苡种质各指标测定值及其均值差异性分析 Table 2 Measured values of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm under drought stress and normal irrigation and its mean variance analysis
表4 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数的相关性 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标 Index
株高 PH
茎粗 CD
分枝数 BN
主茎节数 CNN
分蘖数 TN
单株粒数 GNPP
单株粒重 GWPP
千粒重 TGW
茎粗 CD
0.409* *
分枝数 BN
0.235
0.431* *
主茎节数 CNN
0.396* *
0.347*
0.531* *
分蘖数 TN
0.317*
0.286*
0.481* *
0.452* *
单株粒数 GNPP
0.365* *
0.446* *
0.378* *
0.408* *
0.401* *
单株粒重 GWPP
0.130
0.144
0.290*
0.298*
0.282*
0.348*
千粒重 TGW
0.110
0.390* *
0.450* *
0.358* *
0.481* *
0.445* *
0.316*
产量 Y
0.212
0.341*
0.122
0.372* *
0.417* *
0.433* *
0.442* *
0.452* *
* and * * are significant correlation at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively. PH: plant height; SD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant. * 和* * 分别表示在P < 0.05和P < 0.01水平显著相关。
表4 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数的相关性 Table 4 Correlation coefficients between drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
表5 Table 5 表5(Table 5)
表5 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数在不同区间的分布 Table 5 Distributions in different DC intervals for drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标 Index
0 < DC < 0.2
0.2 < DC < 0.4
0.4 < DC < 0.6
0.6 < DC < 0.8
0.8 < DC < 1
次数 Times
频率 Freq. (%)
次数 Times
频率 Freq. (%)
次数 Times
频率 Freq. (%)
次数 Times
频率 Freq. (%)
次数 Times
频率 Freq. (%)
株高 PH
0
0
4
8
15
30
18
36
13
26
茎粗 CD
1
2
5
10
13
26
13
26
18
36
分枝数 BN
0
0
2
4
12
24
25
50
11
22
主茎节数 CNN
0
0
2
4
13
26
20
40
15
30
分蘖数 TN
1
2
3
6
16
32
23
46
7
14
单株粒数 GNPP
0
0
3
6
14
28
25
50
8
16
单株粒重 GWPP
0
0
11
22
15
30
13
26
11
22
千粒重 TGW
1
2
13
26
14
28
14
28
8
16
产量 Y
0
0
2
4
12
24
28
56
8
16
Freq.: frequency. PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.
表5 供试薏苡种质各指标抗旱系数在不同区间的分布 Table 5 Distributions in different DC intervals for drought resistance coefficients of all indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
表8 供试薏苡种质各指标DC值与D值和WDC值的关联度及各指标权重 Table 8 Correlation degree between DC value of all indices and D value together with WDC value and indices weight in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标 Index
关联度 γ D
排序 Rank
权重系数 Weight
关联度 γ WDC
排序 Rank
株高 PH
0.499
6
0.101
0.471
7
茎粗 CD
0.554
5
0.112
0.560
4
分枝数 BN
0.493
7
0.100
0.509
6
主茎节数 CNN
0.479
8
0.097
0.444
8
分蘖数 TN
0.567
4
0.115
0.514
5
单株粒数 GNPP
0.620
3
0.125
0.598
2
单株粒重 GWPP
0.624
2
0.126
0.584
3
千粒重 TGW
0.629
1
0.127
0.695
1
产量 Y
0.475
9
0.096
0.410
9
PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant.
表8 供试薏苡种质各指标DC值与D值和WDC值的关联度及各指标权重 Table 8 Correlation degree between DC value of all indices and D value together with WDC value and indices weight in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
图1 基于D值的供试薏苡种质抗旱性系统聚类图I、II、III、IV、V表示不同抗旱级别。代码同表1。Fig. 1 Fuzzy clustering dendrogram of drought resistance in tested Job’ s tears germplasm based on D valueI, II, III, IV, and V represent different drought resistance levels. Codes correspond with those given in Table 1.
表9 供试薏苡种质抗旱性评价指标的分级 Table 9 Classification of drought resistance evaluation indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
指标 Index
隶属函数 Subordinate function value
I
II
III
IV
V
株高 PH
0.931
0.563
0.500
0.466
0.243
茎粗 CD
0.920
0.626
0.621
0.515
0.231
分枝数 BN
0.835
0.635
0.623
0.689
0.210
主茎节数 CNN
0.829
0.626
0.631
0.584
0.277
分蘖数 TN
0.825
0.631
0.624
0.529
0.196
单株粒数 GNPP
0.899
0.675
0.467
0.257
0.200
单株粒重 GWPP
0.988
0.657
0.432
0.329
0.305
千粒重 TGW
0.794
0.604
0.419
0.352
0.187
产量 Y
0.901
0.658
0.442
0.209
0.168
CDC值 CDC value
0.870
0.693
0.619
0.571
0.411
D值 D value
0.776
0.626
0.524
0.439
0.427
WDC值 WDC value
0.869
0.692
0.613
0.563
0.409
I, II, III, IV, and V represent different drought resistance levels. PH: plant height; CD: culm diameter; BN: branch number; CNN: culm node number; TN: tiller number; GNPP: grain number per plant; GWPP: grain weight per plant. I、II、III、IV、V表示不同抗旱级别。
表9 供试薏苡种质抗旱性评价指标的分级 Table 9 Classification of drought resistance evaluation indices in tested Job’ s tears germplasm
4 结论干旱胁迫对薏苡种质资源成株期各指标均有极显著影响。筛选出成株期抗旱性强的薏苡种质分别为yy18-1、yy03-8和粱丰薏14-2, 可为薏苡抗旱育种、抗旱机理及干旱调控缓解机制的研究提供基础材料。分蘖数、单株粒重和千粒重可作为薏苡种质资源成株期简单、直观的抗旱性评价指标。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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