关键词:深松; 控释尿素; 光合性能; 光系统; PSI-PSII协调性 Effects of Tillage Methods and Nitrogen Fertilizer Types on Photosynthetic Performance of Summer Maize ZHENG Bin, ZHAO Wei, XU Zheng, GAO Da-Peng, JIANG Yuan-Yuan, LIU Peng, LI Zeng-Jia, LI Geng*, NING Tang-Yuan* State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China Fund:This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401339, 31371576), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300205), the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201503130, 201503121), and Shandong Modern Agricultural Technology & Industry System (SDAIT-02-08), and National Key Technology Support Program of China (2013BAD07B06-2). AbstractIn order to understand the effects of different tillage methods and nitrogen fertilizer types on photosynthetic performances and their mechanism, the characteristics of photosystem II (PSII), photosystem I (PSI) and the coordination between them in ear leaves of maize (cultivar, Zhengdan 958) were studied by using fast chlorophyll fluorescence-induction kinetics and 820 nm light-absorption curves. Two-year field experiment indicated that, compared with normal urea, controlled-release urea significantly increased the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate ( Pn) and stomatal conductance ( Gs) of ear leaves after anthesis, and significantly improved the coordination between PSII and PSI. Compared with rotary tillage, subsoiling significantly increased the photosynthetic performances in ear leaves during reproductive stage. Subsoiling method combined with controlled-release urea application could significantly increase chlorophyll content, improve the performances of electron donor and acceptor sides of electron transport chain in PSII reaction center, and enhance the distribution of electron transported from PSII to PSI as well. Consequently, the coordination between PSII and PSI after anthesis was significantly improved, which is conducive to the stability of photosynthetic performances during maize reproductive stage. The improvement of photosynthetic performances under subsoiling method and controlled-release urea treatment significantly enhanced Pn in ear leaves and increased grain number per ear and grain yield per plant, and eventually increased maize yield. Therefore, subsoiling combined with controlled-release urea could effectively improve photosynthetic performances by increasing the coordination between PSII and PSI, which is the major reason for increasing maize yield.
Keyword:Subsoil tillage; Controlled-release urea; Photosynthetic performance; Photosystem; Coordination of photosystem I and II Show Figures Show Figures
图1 不同处理对花后玉米叶片叶绿素含量的影响Fig. 1 Effects of different treatments on content of chlorophyll in maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in Table 1.
图2 不同处理对花后玉米叶片含氮量的影响Fig. 2 Effects of different treatments on content of N in maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in Table 1.
图3 不同处理对花后玉米气体交换参数的影响Fig. 3 Effects of different treatments on gas exchange parameters of maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in Table 1.
图4 不同处理对花后玉米叶片叶绿素可变荧光Fk占Fo-Fj振幅的比例(Wk)与可变荧光Fj占Fo-Fp振幅比例(Vj)的影响Fig. 4 Effects of different treatments on ratio of variable fluorescence Fk to amplitude Fo-Fj (Wk) and ratio of variable fluorescence Fj to amplitudeFo-Fp(Vj) of maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in table 1.
图5 不同处理对花后玉米叶片光系统II (PSII)性能(Ψ o)的影响Fig. 5 Effects of different treatments on PSII performance (Ψ o) of maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in Table 1.
图6 不同处理对花后玉米叶片光系统I (PSI)性能(Δ I/Io)变化的影响Fig. 6 Effects of different treatments on PSI performance (Δ I/Io) of maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in Table 1.
图7 不同处理对花后玉米叶片光系统间性能(Φ PSI/PSII)协调性的影响Fig. 7 Effects of different treatments on coordination of photosystems (Φ PSI/PSII) of maize ear leaf after anthesis 图中缩写参考表1。Abbreviations correspond with those for treatments given in Table 1.
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