关键词:玉米地方品种; Glb 1基因; 序列多态性 Phylogeny of Maize Landraces in Southwestern China Based on Glb 1 Sequences YAO Qi-Lun1,2, CHEN Fa-Bo1,*, LIU Hong-Fang1, FANG Ping1 1 Department of Life Sciences and Technologies, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
2 Research Centre for Development and Utility of Unique Resources in the Wulingshan Region, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China
AbstractTo explore the DNA polymorphism of Glb 1 genes in maize landraces from Southwest China, we cloned and sequenced the DNA sequences from 40 maize landraces, and downloaded the homologous sequences of 19 individuals representing common maize, parviglumis, Z. luxurians, and T. dactyloides from GenBank. By aligning these sequences and analyzing DNA variations in Glb 1 loci, we found 35, 25, 33, and 25 polymorphism sites in maize landraces from Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, and Guizhou, respectively. Their genetic polymorphisms were 87%, 86%, 85%, and 71% of that in parviglumis. On the basis of estimates of per base pair and per base pair, the highest level of sequence variation was found in parviglumis, followed in turn by maize landraces from Sichuan, landraces from Chongqing, landraces from Yunnan, landraces from Guizhou, common maize, T. dactyloides, and Z. luxurians. The estimates of Tajima’s and Fu & Li’s D statistic for Glb 1 gene were negative in the eight taxa, suggesting that neutrality cannot be rejected. In comparison, more fixed differences than shared polymorphisms between maize landraces and parviglumis, Z. luxurians, as well as T. dactyloides were found. The genealogical and network analysis provided the evidence for the genus Zea taxonomy. Additionally, genetic diversity of landraces was greater in Sichuan than in the other three regions. This result supports the hypothesis that the first maize migration was from India to Sichuan by way of Tibet in China.
表2 种群内Glb 1基因多态位点 Table 2 Polymorphic sites of Glb 1 genes in the eight taxa
种群 Taxon
样本数 Sample number
外显子Exon
内含子Intron
同义替代 Syn
非同义替代 Rep
平均长度 AL
替换位点Subs
平均长度 AL
四川地方品种 Landrace from Sichuan
10
7
28
761
12
198
重庆地方品种 Landrace from Chongqing
10
7
18
757
12
200
云南地方品种 Landrace from Yunnan
10
11
21
756
12
199
贵州地方品种 Landrace from Guizhou
10
5
20
755
9
207
普通玉米 Common maize
5
13
21
751
11
206
小颖玉米 Parviglumis
5
24
15
757
21
201
繁茂玉米 Z. luxurians
5
5
10
759
7
197
摩擦禾T. dactyloides
4
4
11
762
1
192
Syn: the number of synonymous polymorphisms in exon; Rep: the number of replacement or nonsynonymous polymorphisms in exons; Subs: the number of base substitutions in intron; AL: the average sequence length of the taxa.
表2 种群内Glb 1基因多态位点 Table 2 Polymorphic sites of Glb 1 genes in the eight taxa
表3 Table 3 表3(Table 3)
表3 种群内Glb 1基因序列多态性和中性进化检验 Table 3 Sequence polymorphism and neutral evolution test of Glb 1 genes in the eight taxa
种群Taxon
N
S
H
(bp)
(bp)
D
FD
Ffl
Rm
四川玉米地方品种 Landrace from Sichuan
10
62
10
0.0269
0.0310
-0.245
-0.244
-0.265
10
重庆玉米地方品种 Landrace from Chongqing
10
82
10
0.0226
0.0306
-1.288
-1.386
-1.539
6
云南玉米地方品种 Landrace from Yunnan
10
83
10
0.0223
0.0303
-1.314
-1.359
-1.523
6
贵州玉米地方品种 Landrace from Guizhou
10
57
10
0.0170
0.0253
-1.604
-1.541
-1.759
2
普通玉米 Common maize
5
35
5
0.0155
0.0155
0.000
0.000
0.000
6
小颖玉米 Parviglumis
5
96
5
0.0323
0.0355
-0.461
-0.555
-0.600
3
繁茂玉米 Z. luxurians
5
24
5
0.0111
0.0106
0.310
0.309
0.333
1
摩擦禾 T. dactyloides
4
24
4
0.0120
0.0129
-0.727
-0.727
-0.758
0
N: 样本数; S: 分离位点数; H: 单体型数; D: Tajima’ D; FD: Fu and Li’ D; Ffl: Fu and Li’ F; Rm: 最小重组值。 N: sample numbers; S: the number of segregating sites; H: haploid number; D: Tajima’ D; FD: Fu and Li’ D; Ffl: Fu and Li’ F; Rm: the minimum recombination number.
表3 种群内Glb 1基因序列多态性和中性进化检验 Table 3 Sequence polymorphism and neutral evolution test of Glb 1 genes in the eight taxa
表4 种群间的共有多态数和固定差异数 Table 4 Number of shared polymorphisms and fixed differences between taxa
PI
PII
PIII
PIV
PV
PVI
PVII
PII
56 (0)
PIII
54 (0)
48 (0)
PIV
49 (0)
50 (0)
46 (0)
PV
28 (0)
28 (0)
28 (0)
28 (0)
PVI
20 (0)
20 (0)
23 (0)
28 (0)
21 (1)
PVII
2 (8)
3 (8)
2 (8)
19 (0)
2 (13)
21 (1)
PVIII
0 (94)
0 (95)
0 (96)
0 (92)
0 (98)
0 (86)
0 (95)
The numbers above and below (in parenthesis) stand for the number of shared polymorphisms and fixed differences, respectively. PI: landrace from Sichuan; PII: landrace from Chongqing; PIII: landrace from Yunnan; PIV: landrace from Guizhou; PV: common maize; PVI: parviglumis; PVII: Z. luxurians; PVIII: T. dactyloides. 表内上面和下面(括号内)的数值分别表示共有多态数和固定差异数。PI: 四川地方品种; PII: 重庆地方品种; PIII: 云南地方品种; PIV: 贵州地方品种; PV: 普通玉米; PVI: 小颖玉米; PVII:繁茂玉米; PVIII: 摩擦禾。
表4 种群间的共有多态数和固定差异数 Table 4 Number of shared polymorphisms and fixed differences between taxa
4 结论Glb 1是中性进化基因, 玉米地方品种在Glb 1基因位点有较高的遗传多态性, 玉米近缘种属小颖玉米、繁茂玉米、磨擦禾与地方品种间存在较高的固定差异和较低的共有多态性。本研究结果为玉蜀黍属分类系统及我国玉米的引入途径提供了佐证。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
作者已声明无竞争性利益关系。The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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