关键词:甘薯; 产量水平; 光合产物分配; 光合产物运转能力 Difference and Related Reason for Assimilate Distribution of Sweetpotato Varieties with Different Root Tuber Yields LIU Hong-Juan1, SHI Chun-Yu1,*, CHAI Sha-Sha2 1 State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology / College of Agronomic Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China
2 Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
AbstractA field experiment was conducted at agricultural experiment station of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province in two growth seasons of 2011 and 2012. Six typical varieties of edible sweetpotato in North China were used, including Longshu 9, Hongxiangjiao, Taizhong 6, Sushu 8, Yizi 138, and Beijing 553, to study the difference and reason for assimilate distribution among varieties with different yield levels. The distribution characteristics of assimilate was studied by13C labeling during storage roots development; sucrose content of different stem parts and stem base diameter were measured as well. And the relationship between the above traits and harvest index, root tuber yield was also analyzed. The results showed that the root tuber yield of high-yielding varieties (Longshu 9, Hongxiangjiao, Taizhong 6, and Sushu 8) was about 60 t hm-2, whereas that of intermediate and low-yielding varieties (Yizi 138 and Beijing 553) was less than 50 t hm-2. And the harvest index of high-yielding varieties was significantly higher than that of intermediate and low-yielding varieties. The root tuber of high-yielding varieties became assimilate distribution center at early bulking stage, while for intermediate and low-yielding varieties that was at late bulking stage; and high-yielding varieties also had significantly higher13C distribution rate than that of intermediate and low-yielding varieties, indicating that high-yielding varieties had relatively higher ability to transport assimilate from functional leaves to root tubers. Sucrose content of stem base was higher than that of stem top, and the sucrose concentration gradient of intermediate and low-yielding varieties was higher than that of high-yielding varieties. Low-yielding varieties’ stem base thickened faster than high-yielding varieties in the development of sweetpotato. The correlation analysis showed that root tuber yield had significantly positive correlation with harvest index ( r = 0.98**, 2011; r = 0.93**, 2012). Root tuber yield and harvest index had significantly positive correlation with13C distribution rate of root tuber (0.87* and 0.91**, 2011; 0.92** and 0.99**, 2012); they also had significantly negative correlation with stem base diameter during middle and late growth stages (-0.78* and -0.83*; -0.88** and -0.95**). Therefore, high-yielding varieties got higher harvest index mainly due to less time taken by their root tuber to become assimilate distribution center and stronger ability of assimilate transportation from functional leaves to root tubers; and low-yielding varieties got lower abilities of assimilate transportation mainly because assimilate unloading in root tubers was not smoothly.
Keyword:Sweetpotato; Yield level; Assimilates distribution; Ability of assimilates transportation Show Figures Show Figures
表3 不同部分13C分配率与生物产量、块根产量和收获指数的相关系数 Table 3 Correlation coefficients between 13C distribution rate of different parts and biomass, root tuber yield and harvest index
年份 Year
不同部位13C分配率 13C distribution rate of different parts (%)
生物产量 Biomass (kg m-2)
块根产量 Root tuber yield (kg m-2)
收获指数 Harvest index
2011
栽秧后60 d块根 Root tuber 60 days after planting
0.49
0.75
0.80*
块根 Root tuber
0.62
0.87*
0.91* *
地上部 Overground part
-0.62
-0.87*
-0.91* *
侧枝 Branch leaf and stem
-0.57
-0.83*
-0.89* *
下叶茎 Lower leaf and stem
-0.63
-0.82*
-0.84*
上叶茎 Upper leaf and stem
-0.63
-0.83*
-0.85*
标记叶 Labeled leaf
-0.55
-0.77*
-0.81*
2012
栽秧后60 d块根 Root tuber 60 days after planting
-0.09
0.87*
0.91* *
块根 Root tuber
-0.17
0.92* *
0.99* *
地上部 Overground part
0.14
-0.93* *
-0.99* *
侧枝 Branch leaf and stem
0.15
-0.92* *
-0.98* *
下叶茎 Lower leaf and stem
0.36
-0.47
-0.60
上叶茎 Upper leaf and stem
0.01
-0.89* *
-0.90*
标记叶 Labeled leaf
-0.19
-0.95* *
-0.90*
* Significance at the 0.05 probability level; * * Significance at the 0.01 probability level. * 表示相关达0.05显著水平, * * 表示相关达0.01显著水平。
表3 不同部分13C分配率与生物产量、块根产量和收获指数的相关系数 Table 3 Correlation coefficients between 13C distribution rate of different parts and biomass, root tuber yield and harvest index
表5 不同时期基部茎粗与生物产量、块根产量和收获指数的相关系数 Table 5 Correlation coefficients between stem base diameter at different days after planting and biomass, root tuber yield and harvest index
不同时期基部茎粗 Stem base diameter after planting
生物产量 Biomass (kg m-2)
块根产量 Root tuber yield (kg m-2)
收获指数 Harvest index
50 d
0.54
0.01
-0.19
110 d
0.01
-0.78*
-0.83*
170 d
0.10
-0.88* *
-0.95* *
* Significance at the 0.05 probability level; * * Significance at the 0.01 probability level. * 表示达0.05显著相关, * * 表示达0.01显著相关。
表5 不同时期基部茎粗与生物产量、块根产量和收获指数的相关系数 Table 5 Correlation coefficients between stem base diameter at different days after planting and biomass, root tuber yield and harvest index
4 结论高产甘薯品种块根产量高的主要原因是干物质在块根中的分配率高、收获指数高。其干物质在块根中的分配比例高, 是由于块根成为光合产物分配中心的时间早、光合产物由功能叶向块根的转运能力强。而光合产物转运能力强的主要原因是块根碳水化合物的卸载能力强。因此, 在甘薯新品种选育和高产栽培技术研究中, 应该重点关注块根的卸载能力。 The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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