摘要利用已开发的面粉色泽相关性状基因的分子标记, 检测了182份新疆小麦品种(系)的 Psy-A1、 Ppo-A1、 Ppo-D1、 TaLox-B1等位变异, 并结合表型鉴定结果, 分析不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响。结果表明, 单基因等位变异对面粉色泽的影响不同, 其中4个基因等位变异L*值的差异均不显著; 对a*值的效应, Psy-A1a高于 Psy-A1b( P < 0.01), Ppo-A1b高于 Ppo-A1a( P < 0.05), TaLox-B1a高于 TaLox-B1b( P < 0.05); Psy-A1a基因型的b*值高于 Psy-A1b基因型( P < 0.01); Psy-A1a基因型的Wht值低于 Psy-A1b基因型( P < 0.01)。说明 Psy-A1是影响面粉色泽(红度、黄度和白度)的重要基因, 而 Ppo-A1和 TaLox-B1基因的等位变异只对面粉红度有显著影响。4个检测基因共有12种等位变异组合, 对a*、b*和Wht值有显著效应( P < 0.01), 但对L*值影响不显著( P > 0.05); Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/ TaLox-B1b组合具有最高的Wht值和最低的a*、b*值, Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1a组合具有最低的Wht值和最高的a*、b*值。182份品种的Wht值平均为86.86, 其中审定品种平均为86.87, 冬小麦品种为86.42, 春小麦品种为87.32。青春5号具有优良的基因型和较高的面粉白度, 应加强利用。总体来看, 改良新疆小麦面粉的白度, 应重点加强对 Psy-A1基因的选择, 提高 Psy-A1b比例。
关键词:新疆; 面粉色泽基因; 等位基因; 功能标记 Effects of Psy-A1, Ppo-A1, Ppo-D1, and TaLox-B1 Alleles on Flour Color of Xinjiang Wheats XIANG Ji-Shan1,2, MU Pei-Yuan1,2,*, SANG Wei1,2, XU Hong-Jun1,2,*, NIE Ying-Bin1,2, CUI Feng-Juan1,2, ZHUANG Li2,3, HAN Xin-Nian1,2, ZOU Bo1 1Crop Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
2 Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps for Cereal Quality Research and Genetic Improvement, Shihezi 832000, China
3 College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
AbstractThe allelic variations on Psy-A1, Ppo-A1, Ppo-D1, and TaLox-B1 loci in 182 Xinjiang wheat varieties (lines) were tested using developed molecular markers that are associated with flour color. The effects of these alleles were analyzed in combination with phenotypes with the L*, a*, and b* values as well as the Wht data. On the view of a single gene, the allelic variation showed diverse effects on flour color. For L* value, the allelic effect was not significant. For a* value, the effect was Psy-A1a> Psy-A1b( P < 0.01), Ppo-A1b > Ppo-A1a ( P < 0.05), and TaLox-B1a > TaLox-B1b ( P < 0.05). For b* value, the effect of Psy-A1awas higher than that of Psy-A1b( P < 0.01). As a result, the Wht value of Psy-A1awas signlificantly lower than that of Psy-A1b( P < 0.01). These results suggest that Psy-A1 significantly affects flour redness, yellowness and whiteness, whereas Ppo-A1 and TaLox-B1 only have significant effects on flour redness. A total of 12 allelic combinations were found on the four gene loci, with significant effect on a*, b* and Wht values ( P < 0.01) and slight effect on L* value ( P > 0.05). The combination Psy-A1b/PPO- A1a/PPO-D1b/TaLox-B1b had the highest Wht value and the lowest a* and b* values, and combination Psy-A1a/PPO-A1a/PPO- D1b/TaLox-B1ahad the lowest Wht value and the highest a* and b* values. The average Wht value of total varieties (lines) tested was 86.86, and that of the released, winter, and spring varieties (lines) was 86.87, 86.42, and 87.32, respectively. Qingchun 5 should be used frequently as a promising parent in breeding programs for its excellent genotype and high flour whiteness. Our results indicate that Psy-A1is a key gene for improving flour whiteness, and the frequency of Psy-A1b should be promoted in Xinjiang wheats.
表2 4个基因不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响 Table 2 Effect of alleles of four genes on flour color
基因 Gene
等位变异 Genetype
品种数 No. of varieties
频率 Frequency (%)
L* 值 L* value
a* 值 a* value
b* 值 b* value
白度 Wht value
Psy-A1
Psy-A1a
168
92.3
90.88
-1.02* *
9.50* *
86.76
Psy-A1b
14
7.7
91.20
-0.51
7.57
88.36* *
Ppo-A1
Ppo-A1a
128
70.3
90.90
-0.95
9.27
86.93
Ppo-A1b
54
29.7
90.96
-1.08*
9.58
86.76
Ppo-D1
Ppo-D1a
158
86.8
90.87
-1.00
9.47
86.79
Ppo-D1b
24
13.2
91.22
-0.94
8.86
87.41
TaLox-B1
TaLox-B1a
46
25.3
90.86
-1.11*
9.55
86.70
TaLox-B1b
136
74.7
90.92
-1.00
9.44
86.91
* and * * indicate significant difference between two alleles on one gene locus at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 according to t-test, respectively. * 和* * 分别表示经t检验同一基因位点上2个等位变异之间差异显著(P < 0.05)和差异极显著(P < 0.01)。
表2 4个基因不同等位变异对面粉色泽的影响 Table 2 Effect of alleles of four genes on flour color
表3 4个基因不同等位变异组合及其色泽差异 Table 3 Flour colors of different allelic combination on Psy-A1, Ppo-A1, Ppo-D1, and TaLox-B1loci
等位变异组合 Allelic combination
品种数 No. of varieties
频率 Frequency (%)
L* 值 L* value
a* 值 a* value
b* 值 b* value
白度 Wht value
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1a
25
13.7
90.73
-1.10 ABC
9.66 A
86.53 AB
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1b
75
41.2
90.80
-0.93 ABC
9.34 AB
86.82 AB
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1a
2
1.1
91.04
-1.38 A
10.36 A
86.23 B
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1b
16
8.8
91.38
-1.05 ABC
9.16 AB
87.30 AB
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1a
16
8.8
91.12
-1.21 AB
9.56 A
86.88 AB
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1b
31
17.0
90.92
-1.11 ABC
9.76 A
86.60 AB
Psy-A1a/Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1b
3
1.7
90.39
-0.57 ABC
8.71 AB
87.02 AB
Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1a
3
1.7
90.39
-0.51 BC
8.02 AB
87.44 AB
Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1b
5
2.8
91.37
-0.53 BC
7.90 AB
88.28 AB
Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1a/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1b
2
1.1
91.63
-0.35 C
6.01 B
89.67 A
Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1a/TaLox-B1b
3
1.7
91.63
-0.57 ABC
7.72 AB
88.58 AB
Only one variety is Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1bgenotype, which is not included in the table. Capital letters indicate significant difference between flour colors on different allelic combinations at P < 0.01 according to LSD multiple-comparison. 基因型Psy-A1b/Ppo-A1b/Ppo-D1b/TaLox-B1b只有1个品种, 未列入表; 大写字母表示经LSD法多重比较色泽在不同等位变异组合之间差异极显著(P < 0.01)。
表3 4个基因不同等位变异组合及其色泽差异 Table 3 Flour colors of different allelic combination on Psy-A1, Ppo-A1, Ppo-D1, and TaLox-B1loci
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