关键词:玉米; 高温; 离体培养; 花后 Effect of High Temperature after Flowering on Growth and Development of Superior and Inferior Maize Kernels ZHAO Li-Xiao, ZHANG Ping, WANG Ruo-Nan, WANG Pu*, TAO Hong-Bin College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Fund: AbstractThe kernel culturein vitro was adopted to study the effect of high temperature after flowering on maize superior and inferior kernels. Results indicated that dry matter accumulation of grain decreased, due to the fact that grain development was accelerated at early grain-filling stage by high temperature, but declined at middle late grain filling stage. In mature stage, the dry weight of superior and inferior kernels under high temperature was reduced by 5.8% and 17.4%, respectively, so inferior kernels had a more reduction than superior kernels. The synthesis of starch was influenced by reducing the activity of enzymes related to starch synthesis significantly at different grain-filling stages under high temperature treatment. The contents of IAA and ZR in kernel were significantly reduced after being treated with high temperature. The content of GA3was increased in inferior kernels, but not in superior kernels. It could be deduced that the much dry weight loss of inferior kernels should be ascribed to the increasing in GA3 content when kernels exposed to high temperature.
Keyword:Maize; High temperature; Culturein vitro; After flowering stage Show Figures Show Figures
图1 花后高温处理下籽粒干重的变化Q-25: 强势粒常温; Q-35: 强势粒高温胁迫; R-25: 弱势粒常温; R-35: 弱势粒高温胁迫。Fig. 1 Changes of kernel dry weight under high temperature after floweringQ-25: superior kernels under normal temperature; Q-35: superior kernels under high temperature stress; R-25: inferior kernels under normal temperature; R-35: inferior kernels under high temperature stress.
图2 花后高温处理下籽粒灌浆速率的变化Q-25: 强势粒常温; Q-35: 强势粒高温胁迫; R-25: 弱势粒常温; R-35: 弱势粒高温胁迫。Fig. 2 Changes of grain-filling rate per kernel under high temperature after floweringQ-25: superior kernels under normal temperature; Q-35: superior kernels under high temperature stress; R-25: inferior kernels under normal temperature; R-35: inferior kernels under high temperature stress.
图3 花后高温处理下籽粒淀粉含量的变化Q-25: 强势粒常温; Q-35: 强势粒高温胁迫; R-25: 弱势粒常温; R-35: 弱势粒高温胁迫; 标以不同小写字母柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。Fig. 3 Changes of starch content under high temperature after floweringQ-25: superior kernels under normal temperature; Q-35: superior kernels under high temperature; R-25: inferior kernels under normal temperature; R-35: inferior kernels under high temperature; Bars superscripted by different lowercases are significant difference at 0.05 probability level.
图4 花后高温处理下籽粒淀粉合成相关酶活性的变化Q-25: 强势粒常温; Q-35: 强势粒高温胁迫; R-25: 弱势粒常温; R-35: 弱势粒高温胁迫; 标以不同小写字母柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。Fig. 4 Changes of activities of enzymes related to starch synthesis in kernel under high temperature after floweringQ-25: superior kernels under normal temperature; Q-35: superior kernels under high temperature; R-25: inferior kernels under normal temperature; R-35: inferior kernels under high temperature; Bars superscripted by different lowercases are significant difference at 0.05 probability level.
图5 花后高温处理下籽粒中激素含量的变化Q-25: 强势粒常温; Q-35: 强势粒高温胁迫; R-25: 弱势粒常温; R-35: 弱势粒高温胁迫; 标以不同小写字母柱值在0.05水平上差异显著。Fig. 5 Changes of kernel hormone content under high temperature after floweringQ-25: superior kernels under normal temperature; Q-35: superior kernels under high temperature; R-25: inferior kernels under normal temperature; R-35: inferior kernels under high temperature; Bars superscripted by different lowercases are significant difference at 0.05 probability level.
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