摘要/Abstract
二氧化碳(CO 2)作为一碳合成子具有储量丰富、无毒无污染、绿色清洁等优点, 因此在有机化学领域使用CO 2作为一碳合成子反应一直以来受到广泛的关注. 过渡金属催化不饱和烃与CO 2反应合成羧酸是CO 2作为一碳合成子的重要应用之一, 这类反应可以通过串联羧化的策略实现, 过渡金属催化不饱和烃先与有机金属试剂反应在原位生成新的有机金属试剂, 之后再与CO 2完成羧化. 常用的有机金属试剂如格氏试剂、有机锌试剂和有机铝试剂均能够完成这类反应. 根据不饱和烃的类别, 并根据羧化反应的类型介绍过渡金属催化不饱和烃与有机金属试剂及CO 2的串联羧化反应.
关键词: 二氧化碳, 不饱和烃, 羧化反应, 过渡金属催化, 有机金属试剂
Carbon dioxide (CO 2), as a one-carbon synthon, has many advantages such as abundant, non-toxic, clean and so on. So the reactions using CO 2 as a one-carbon synthon have been widely concerned in organic chemistry. Transition-metal- catalyzed reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with CO 2 to produce carboxylic acid is one of the most commonly-used method to convert CO 2, and organometallic reagents can be added to the reaction as reducing agent. This kind of reaction can be realized by the strategy of tandem reaction. In the reaction, the unsaturated hydrocarbons react with transition-metal catalysts and organometallic reagents to generate new organometallic reagents in situ first, and then complete carboxylation with CO 2. Common organometallic reagents such as organozinc reagents, Grignard reagents, and organoaluminum reagents can all achieve this kind of carboxylation reaction. In this review, reactions are divided according to the type of unsaturated hydrocarbons, and each type can also be divided into hydrocarboxylation and carbocarboxylation. This review would introduce reaction according to this classification.
Key words: carbon dioxide, unsaturated hydrocarbons, carboxylation reaction, transition-metal catalysts, organometallic reagent
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