摘要:筛选磷高效作物是充分利用土壤磷素和减少磷肥施用量的重要手段。本研究以162份春小麦种质资源为材料，对其苗期的株高、总根长、根表面积等8个指标的耐低磷系数进行分析，采用隶属函数法综合评价春小麦苗期的耐低磷特性，初步筛选耐低磷材料，并进一步进行成株期的耐低磷特性鉴定，筛选出耐低磷材料和磷敏感材料，分析其在低磷下酸性磷酸酶的活性变化。结果表明，低磷胁迫下春小麦材料苗期和成株期的各性状均受到不同程度的影响，并随着胁迫程度的增加，小麦生长受抑制程度增强。通过主成分分析将苗期8个指标转化成4个综合指标（累计贡献率为82.60%），将成株期的10个指标转化为3个综合指标（累计贡献率为83.23%）；采用隶属函数法计算耐低磷综合评价值（D）值，对D值进行聚类分析，将苗期的162份春小麦种质资源划分为耐低磷型（10份）、较耐低磷型（26份）、低磷较敏感型（91份）、低磷敏感型（35份）4类。选取耐低磷型材料（5份）和低磷敏感型材料（4份），进一步进行成株期鉴定，最终筛选1份耐低磷材料wp-35和1份磷敏感材料wp-119。通过分析其酸性磷酸酶活性，发现在低磷胁迫下春小麦根系和叶片中的酸性磷酸酶活性均升高，且耐低磷材料的酸性磷酸酶活性高于磷敏感材料。本研究结果可为解析春小麦耐低磷特性、培育耐低磷品种提供种质资源和理论依据。
Abstract:Phosphorus deficiency is one of the important abiotic stresses affecting agricultural production. Screening phosphorus-efficient crops is an important method for optimizing soil phosphorus and reducing phosphate fertilizer applications. In this study, the low phosphorus tolerance of 162 spring wheat germplasms was evaluated, and the tolerant materials were screened at seedling and adult stages. A correlation analysis and a principal component analysis of low phosphorus tolerance coefficients of eight indicators were conducted at the seedling stage to find the comprehensive indicators; a cluster analysis was performed to determine the low phosphorus tolerance of 162 materials according to their comprehensive evaluation value calculated with the subordinative function values. Then, low phosphorus tolerant materials and phosphorus sensitive materials were selected by determining the comprehensive evaluation value at the adult stage of the screened materials. The changes in acid phosphatase activity of the selected materials were analyzed. The results showed that there were different effects on the growth indicators at seedling stage and adult stage under low phosphorus stress, and that spring wheat growth inhibition increased as the stress time extension. Eight indicators at the seedling stage and 10 indicators at the adult stage were transformed into four comprehensive indicators (the cumulative contribution rate was 82.60%) and three comprehensive indicators (the cumulative contribution rate was 83.23%) by the principal component analysis, respectively. The cluster analysis showed that the 162 spring wheat germplasms at the seedling stage were divided into four types: low phosphorus tolerant (10 germplasms), slightly low phosphorus tolerant (26 germplasms), slightly low phosphorus sensitive (91 germplasms) and low phosphorus sensitive (35 germplasms). Five low phosphorus tolerant materials and four phosphorus sensitive materials were selected for phosphorus-efficient identification at the adult stage. Finally, one low phosphorus tolerant material, wp-35, and one phosphorus sensitive material, wp-119, were selected. The analysis of the two materials showed that the acid phosphatase activities in roots and leaves increased under low phosphorus stress, and that the acid phosphatase activity in wp-35 was higher than in wp-119. This study can provide germplasm resources, and a theoretical basis for the analysis of low phosphorus tolerance and the cultivation of low phosphorus tolerant spring wheat varieties.
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