摘要:外来入侵种互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）在我国的分布面积约为5.46万hm2，每年地上干物质总量为7.5×105~1.15×106 t，其防治与利用受到越来越多的关注，若能将二者结合起来同时进行，可望收获生态和经济双重收益。我国对互花米草利用的研究主要为对秸秆的直接利用，包括燃料化利用、饲料化利用、原料化利用，这些利用方式一般为低值化利用，另有研究涉及互花米草的药用价值和耐盐基因等高值化利用。在所有利用研究中，秸秆燃料化利用占比最大，为43%，秸秆肥料化利用和耐盐基因等其他利用形式的占比最小，合计约为8%。总体而言，过去对互花米草利用的研究集中于加工利用技术这一环节，缺少对互花米草收集技术和市场化推广的研究，未来应该重视互花米草利用产业链的每一个环节，加强研究机构与企业的合作，实现产学研同步配套发展。
Abstract:In China, Spartina alterniflora, an invasive alien plant species, covers an area of approximately 54 600 hectares. The total dry matter of the aboveground part of S. alterniflora is 7.5×105~1.15×106 tons per year. The control and utilization of S. alterniflora have received increasing attention. A combined utilization and control approach could produce simultaneous economic and ecological benefits. Studies of the utilization of S. alterniflora in China tended to focus on the direct utilization of straw, including its use as fuel, feed, and raw material. These methods of utilization were generally low-value. Possible high-value utilization includes the medicinal value of S. alterniflora and its salt-tolerant genes. In all the studies, the largest proportion (43%) of straw was utilized as fuel, whereas the smallest proportion (approximately 8%) was utilized for other purposes, such as fertilizer and for its salt-tolerant genes. Previous studies have focused on utilization technologies, but they have not looked at S. alterniflora collection technology and market promotion. In the future, attention should be paid to every link of the industry chain of S. alterniflora utilization, and cooperation between research institutions and enterprises is essential for the synchronous development of industry, education, and research.
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