International cooperative demonstration projects and progress to address Iran’s main water and environmental challenges
ZHANG Yu1,2,3,, HAMIDIAN Amir Hossein1,4, LIU Chao1,5, TIAN Tiantian2,3, YANG Min1,3,5,, 1.CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Water and Environment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Evironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4.International Research Center for Water and Environment, University of Tehran, Karaj 4314, Iran 5.Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
摘要:根据伊朗水与环境领域的文献调研报告,并结合多次赴伊朗现场考察所得资料,归纳总结了伊朗在水与环境领域面临的主要问题,明确了伊朗与我国在该领域开展科技合作的需求。在此基础上,回顾了2016年以来中国科学院-发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心(CAS-TWAS CEWE)与伊朗德黑兰大学(University of Tehran)在水与环境领域开展科技合作的具体方式、内容,并梳理了推进中的技术示范工程。通过阶段性总结,进一步明确了今后双方合作的方向和具体举措,即通过强化合作平台建设,持续推动高效、务实项目合作,并助力中国环保企业拓展伊朗国内市场。 关键词: 伊朗水与环境/ 水资源/ 供水/ 示范工程/ 海外水务市场
Abstract:Building upon extensive literature review and field investigation, the main water and environmental challenges in Iran, along with international joint research needs in potential, were identified. Specifically, the multiple cooperations between CAS-TWAS Centre of Excellence for Water and Environment (CAS-TWAS CEWE) and the University of Tehran (UoT) since 2016 was reviewed, among which, their current joint demonstration projects and progress in Iran were reported and analyzed in particular. Subsequently, the future cooperation direction and fit-for-purpose solutions were clarified. CAS-TWAS CEWE and UoT will continuously promote efficient and practical project cooperation via strengthening of the construction of cooperative platforms, and thereby helping Chinese environmental protection enterprises to expand the local market of Iran. Key words:water and environment in Iran/ water resources/ water supply/ demonstration projects/ overseas water market.
图1雨水回收利用示范工程施工现场 Figure1.Construction site of rainwater harvesting and recycling demonstration project
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Country profile-Islamic Republic of Iran. Version 2008/FAO AQUASTAT Reports[EB/OL]. [2020-06-01]. http://www.fao.org/3/ca0339en/CA0339EN.pdf.
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YAMADA T. Challenges imposed by water resource management in Iran[J]. Journal of Japan Society of Hydrology and Water Resources, 2019, 32(5): 255-262. doi: 10.3178/jjshwr.32.255
1.CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Water and Environment, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Evironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China 3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 4.International Research Center for Water and Environment, University of Tehran, Karaj 4314, Iran 5.Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China Received Date: 2020-06-19 Accepted Date: 2020-06-30 Available Online: 2020-08-12 Keywords:water and environment in Iran/ water resources/ water supply/ demonstration projects/ overseas water market Abstract:Building upon extensive literature review and field investigation, the main water and environmental challenges in Iran, along with international joint research needs in potential, were identified. Specifically, the multiple cooperations between CAS-TWAS Centre of Excellence for Water and Environment (CAS-TWAS CEWE) and the University of Tehran (UoT) since 2016 was reviewed, among which, their current joint demonstration projects and progress in Iran were reported and analyzed in particular. Subsequently, the future cooperation direction and fit-for-purpose solutions were clarified. CAS-TWAS CEWE and UoT will continuously promote efficient and practical project cooperation via strengthening of the construction of cooperative platforms, and thereby helping Chinese environmental protection enterprises to expand the local market of Iran.
分析伊朗的水与环境领域面临的问题可知,在农业用水循环利用(节水灌溉)、生活污水(分散型污水)处理、雨水回收利用、工业废水处理、再生水技术和应用等水务领域蕴含巨大商机。自2016年联合国解除对伊朗的经济制裁后,世界各国均对伊朗国内的水务市场表现出浓厚兴趣。 2016年,韩国的斗山重工业中标了伊朗的大型海水淡化厂项目,投资总额约2.2×1011韩元(约1.9×108美元)。该项目得到了韩伊两国总统的共同推动,成为联合国解除对伊经济制裁后,首个外国企业进军伊朗海水淡化市场的案例。2017年10月,法国水务企业联合体与伊朗供排水专家协会(Iranian Association of Water and Wastewater Experts, IAWWE)签署全面合作协议。该协会将全面引进法国水务企业联合体的专业技术和经验,以填补伊朗国内民营企业与外国企业之间的技术差距。同年10月,德国水、污水和废弃物处理协会(German Association for Water, Wastewater and Waste, DWA)也与伊朗国营供排水工程公社签署了合作备忘录。双方确认共同出资在伊朗国内面临严重缺水的大城市之一——伊斯法罕市建设针对供排水领域技术人员的培训中心,该中心已于2018年3月正式启用[16]。 伊朗政府将水务领域作为2017年度政府重点支持建设的3个领域之一,并下达了总额约6.5×108美元的中央政府预算。此外,根据伊朗能源部公布的资料,今后将在水务领域开展总额约5.5×109美元的投资计划,并希望采取不同的方式(BOT、BOO、ROT、Buy-Back等)吸引外国企业进行投资,投资计划[16]见表1。
2. 水与环境领域开展的对伊合作回顾 过去20多年中,我国在水与环境领域取得了显著的治理成效,积累了丰富的技术、经验和产品。为响应并推动《联合国千年发展目标(2015)》中目标7C“改善饮用水和卫生设施”的实现[17],2013年3月,中国科学院生态环境研究中心(Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, RCEES)申请成立了中科院-发展中国家科学院水与环境卓越中心(CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Water and Environment, CEWE)。CEWE的愿景是通过培训、教育和联合研究方案,协助发展中国家在水和环境领域进行人力资源能力建设,并为水与环境领域的具体问题提供切实可行的解决方案。 2016年起,CEWE积极推动中伊双方在水与环境领域的合作。合作初期,双方以共同申请科研项目、加强人员交流为主,开展了多次互访活动。通过实地考察和技术交流等,加强了相互了解,并在分析伊朗水环境领域具体问题的同时,掌握了伊方的具体合作需求。为更好地推进后续合作,CEWE分别与伊朗德黑兰大学、桂兰大学签署了合作备忘录,确立了双方的合作机制和框架,即通过搭建合作平台,推动双方在水与环境领域深化合作。合作备忘录还明确了今后开展合作的方向:科研项目合作、共同发表研究成果、技术合作与交流、人才培养培训、合作举办学术会议、推动中国环保企业在伊朗的投资等。2017年4月,中伊双方在德黑兰大学农业与自然资源学院(University of Tehran, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, UTCAN)正式成立了“中-伊水与环境联合研究中心(International Research Center for Water and Environment, IRCWE)”。该中心将在中伊双方水与环境领域的科技合作中起到平台作用,通过该平台与伊朗水与环境领域中央和地方政府部门、研究机构、大学等建立合作关系。UTCAN为该平台提供了专用的实验和办公用房,并配备了专职的科研、技术和管理人员。同年10月,中方组织研究机构、大学和环保企业等访问伊朗,期间向IRCWE捐赠了水质和废水分析相关实验室仪器。迄今为止,以IRCWE为平台,中方已与伊朗政府部门、大学、企业等举行了30多次学术或技术交流会议,并组织伊朗环境部研究和技术人员参加了中方举办的“水与卫生”和“二恶英检测技术”培训班;伊方组织了针对中方研究生的夏令营活动,同时推动了在UTCAN校区和附属农场等开展雨水回收利用、学生宿舍生活污水处理、农场高浓度畜禽废水处理、水质监测站建设等4项示范工程的建设工作。截至2019年末,组织中国企业向该平台捐赠的实验室仪器和示范工程设备总额约5×1010伊朗里亚尔(按官方汇率,约合1.2×106美元),为中伊两国进一步拓展在水与环境领域的合作打下了良好的基础。