网络突发事件中的负性偏向：产生与表现

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张梅¹, 丁书恒¹, 刘国芳², 徐亚珍¹, 傅鑫媛¹, 张巍³, 辛自强⁴(

)

¹中央财经大学社会与心理学院, 北京 100081
²上海海事大学经济管理学院, 上海 201306
³中央财经大学信息学院, 北京 100081
⁴中国人民大学心理学系, 北京 100872

收稿日期:2021-02-04出版日期:2021-12-25发布日期:2021-10-26
通讯作者:辛自强E-mail:xinziqiang@sohu.com

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(72004244);国家自然科学基金项目(71874215);国家自然科学基金项目(72061147005);国家社会科学基金项目(20CSH030);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金资助(19YJCZH253);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(9194031);中央财经大学“青年英才”培育支持计划(QYP202110);中央财经大学一流学科建设项目。

Negativity bias in emergent online events: Occurrence and manifestation

ZHANG Mei¹, DING Shuheng¹, LIU Guofang², XU Yazhen¹, FU Xinyuan¹, ZHANG Wei³, XIN Ziqiang⁴(

)

¹School of Sociology and Psychology, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081, China
²School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China
³School of Information, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081, China
⁴Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, China

Received:2021-02-04Online:2021-12-25Published:2021-10-26
Contact:XIN Ziqiang E-mail:xinziqiang@sohu.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在网络突发事件的产生和传播中, 人们往往更关注负面信息的加工和传递, 存在负性偏向。本研究依据事件酝酿、爆发、蔓延阶段的特征, 构建心理机制模型, 通过3项研究分别检验了信息内容、信息加工和信息传递中负性偏向的产生和发展。结果表明, 负性偏向不仅产生于网络突发事件的源头语篇中, 还产生于个体信息加工和人际信息传递过程, 表现为个体对负性词汇更好的记忆效果及更高的辨别力, 以及网民间对负性信息的选择性传递和对模糊信息的负性解读。研究有利于认识网络突发事件信息传播规律, 科学应对舆情危机, 创新网络治理。

图/表 11

图1网络突发事件中负性偏向产生和发展的构想模型

图2不同事件下正负性词汇占比的差异图

图3不同词汇性质下两类事件的对比

图3不同词汇性质下两类事件的对比

表1实验中所用再认词汇

正性词汇		中性词汇		负性词汇
文中词	非文中词	文中词	非文中词	文中词	非文中词
珍惜	情怀	究竟	背景	肮脏	压抑
生命	面对	移交	考核	走火入魔	提心吊胆
承载	耐心	润滑剂	概率	偷偷摸摸	自杀
喜出望外	保护	原来	自责	违禁	犯罪
胜利	纯真	社会	处理	别无选择	地狱
活泼	温暖	反应	职业	公然	圈钱
热爱	信心	彻底	产品	投诉	走投无路
曙光	善解人意	平行	网络	背着	残害
愉悦	真诚	曾经	同事	消灭	粗暴
出类拔萃	活灵活现	状态	新闻	意外	作恶

表1实验中所用再认词汇

正性词汇		中性词汇		负性词汇
文中词	非文中词	文中词	非文中词	文中词	非文中词
珍惜	情怀	究竟	背景	肮脏	压抑
生命	面对	移交	考核	走火入魔	提心吊胆
承载	耐心	润滑剂	概率	偷偷摸摸	自杀
喜出望外	保护	原来	自责	违禁	犯罪
胜利	纯真	社会	处理	别无选择	地狱
活泼	温暖	反应	职业	公然	圈钱
热爱	信心	彻底	产品	投诉	走投无路
曙光	善解人意	平行	网络	背着	残害
愉悦	真诚	曾经	同事	消灭	粗暴
出类拔萃	活灵活现	状态	新闻	意外	作恶

图4记忆再认阶段流程

图4记忆再认阶段流程

表2不同类型词汇的信号检测论指标分析(M ± SD)

词汇性质	P_击中	P_漏报	P_虚报	P_正确否定	辨别力A′	判断标准B″
正性	0.70 ± 0.20	0.30 ± 0.20	0.64 ± 0.23	0.36 ± 0.23	0.55 ± 0.16	-0.16 ± 0.32
中性	0.64 ± 0.19	0.36 ± 0.19	0.60 ± 0.26	0.40 ± 0.26	0.52 ± 0.21	-0.13 ± 0.34
负性	0.61 ± 0.22	0.39 ± 0.22	0.37 ± 0.19	0.63 ± 0.19	0.68 ± 0.16	0.03 ± 0.38

表2不同类型词汇的信号检测论指标分析(M ± SD)

词汇性质	P_击中	P_漏报	P_虚报	P_正确否定	辨别力A′	判断标准B″
正性	0.70 ± 0.20	0.30 ± 0.20	0.64 ± 0.23	0.36 ± 0.23	0.55 ± 0.16	-0.16 ± 0.32
中性	0.64 ± 0.19	0.36 ± 0.19	0.60 ± 0.26	0.40 ± 0.26	0.52 ± 0.21	-0.13 ± 0.34
负性	0.61 ± 0.22	0.39 ± 0.22	0.37 ± 0.19	0.63 ± 0.19	0.68 ± 0.16	0.03 ± 0.38

图5网络传递链实验流程

图6四代传递链上的事件存活率

图7原始模糊事件在传递链上的流失、解读、模糊占比

图8模糊事件在传递链上的解读率

图9网络突发事件中负性偏向产生和发展的理论模型

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