) 1安徽大学哲学系, 合肥 230039
2中国人民大学心理学系, 北京 100872
3北京师范大学发展心理研究院, 北京 100875
收稿日期:2020-06-04出版日期:2021-04-25发布日期:2021-04-07通讯作者:方晓义E-mail:fangxy@bnu.edu.cn.基金资助:*国家自然科学通用技术基础研究联合基金重点项目(U1936220);*安徽高校人文社会科学研究重点项目(SK2019A0028)Mobile phone addiction and depression: Multiple mediating effects of social anxiety and attentional bias to negative emotional information
HOU Juan1, ZHU Yingge2, FANG Xiaoyi3() 1Department of Philosophy, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China
2Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
3Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2020-06-04Online:2021-04-25Published:2021-04-07Contact:FANG Xiaoyi E-mail:fangxy@bnu.edu.cn.摘要/Abstract
摘要： 为考察手机成瘾与抑郁的关系, 研究同时整合情绪和认知两方面因素, 探讨了社交焦虑和负性情绪信息注意偏向在手机成瘾和抑郁之间的多重中介作用。研究1共有545名大学生完成了大学生手机成瘾倾向量表、贝克抑郁量表和社会交往焦虑量表。研究2选取51名大学生采用问卷法和2(配对面孔表情的情绪类型: 负性、中性) × 2(探测点位置: 与负性情绪面孔表情同侧、与负性情绪面孔表情异侧)的被试内实验设计。结果表明: (1)手机成瘾、社交焦虑和抑郁两两间存在显著正相关, 且社交焦虑在手机成瘾和抑郁之间起完全中介作用; (2)社交焦虑和负性情绪信息注意偏向在手机成瘾与抑郁的关系中起链式中介作用, 而负性情绪信息注意偏向在手机成瘾与抑郁间的单独中介效应不显著。具体而言, 手机成瘾通过两条路径影响抑郁: 一是社交焦虑的单独中介作用; 二是社交焦虑→负性情绪信息注意偏向的链式中介作用。
图/表 7
图1假设模型图
图1假设模型图表1手机成瘾、社交焦虑与抑郁的相关分析
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1手机成瘾 | 41.68 ± 9.92 | 1 | |||||
| 2戒断症状 | 16.78 ± 4.38 | 0.90*** | 1 | ||||
| 3突显行为 | 9.77 ± 2.90 | 0.81*** | 0.62*** | 1 | |||
| 4社交安抚 | 7.50 ± 2.42 | 0.68*** | 0.46*** | 0.39*** | 1 | ||
| 5心境改变 | 7.64 ± 2.45 | 0.82*** | 0.64*** | 0.60*** | 0.45*** | 1 | |
| 6抑郁 | 6.89 ± 6.23 | 0.18*** | 0.14*** | 0.13*** | 0.17*** | 0.14*** | 1 |
| 7社交焦虑 | 40.50 ± 10.90 | 0.36*** | 0.29*** | 0.24*** | 0.36*** | 0.31*** | 0.29*** |
表1手机成瘾、社交焦虑与抑郁的相关分析
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1手机成瘾 | 41.68 ± 9.92 | 1 | |||||
| 2戒断症状 | 16.78 ± 4.38 | 0.90*** | 1 | ||||
| 3突显行为 | 9.77 ± 2.90 | 0.81*** | 0.62*** | 1 | |||
| 4社交安抚 | 7.50 ± 2.42 | 0.68*** | 0.46*** | 0.39*** | 1 | ||
| 5心境改变 | 7.64 ± 2.45 | 0.82*** | 0.64*** | 0.60*** | 0.45*** | 1 | |
| 6抑郁 | 6.89 ± 6.23 | 0.18*** | 0.14*** | 0.13*** | 0.17*** | 0.14*** | 1 |
| 7社交焦虑 | 40.50 ± 10.90 | 0.36*** | 0.29*** | 0.24*** | 0.36*** | 0.31*** | 0.29*** |
图2社交焦虑在手机成瘾和抑郁间的中介作用
图2社交焦虑在手机成瘾和抑郁间的中介作用表2研究2所用图片的效价、唤醒度与熟悉度评分[M ± SD]
| 评分 项目 | 负性 情绪图片 | 中性 情绪图片 | t | p | Cohen′sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 效价 | 2.77 ± 1.11 | 5.34 ± 0.60 | -11.30 | <0.001 | 2.88 |
| 唤醒度 | 4.40 ± 1.70 | 4.39 ± 1.01 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.01 |
| 熟悉度 | 4.37 ± 1.43 | 4.51 ± 1.69 | -0.76 | 0.45 | 0.09 |
表2研究2所用图片的效价、唤醒度与熟悉度评分[M ± SD]
| 评分 项目 | 负性 情绪图片 | 中性 情绪图片 | t | p | Cohen′sd |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 效价 | 2.77 ± 1.11 | 5.34 ± 0.60 | -11.30 | <0.001 | 2.88 |
| 唤醒度 | 4.40 ± 1.70 | 4.39 ± 1.01 | 0.06 | 0.95 | 0.01 |
| 熟悉度 | 4.37 ± 1.43 | 4.51 ± 1.69 | -0.76 | 0.45 | 0.09 |
图3点探测范式流程图
图3点探测范式流程图表3手机成瘾、社交焦虑、负性情绪信息注意偏向与抑郁的相关分析
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1手机成瘾 | 46.41 ± 9.34 | 1 | ||||||
| 2戒断症状 | 18.35 ± 4.01 | 0.90*** | 1 | |||||
| 3突显行为 | 10.65 ± 3.01 | 0.78*** | 0.63*** | 1 | ||||
| 4社交安抚 | 8.57 ± 2.47 | 0.62*** | 0.45** | 0.29* | 1 | |||
| 5心境改变 | 8.84 ± 2.68 | 0.70*** | 0.52*** | 0.37** | 0.26 | 1 | ||
| 6抑郁 | 10.84 ± 8.11 | 0.34*** | 0.28* | 0.33* | 0.28* | 0.15 | 1 | |
| 7社交焦虑 | 47.88 ± 12.40 | 0.39*** | 0.34* | 0.28* | 0.30* | 0.24 | 0.53*** | 1 |
| 8负性情绪信息注意偏向 | 4.13 ± 14.14 | 0.29* | 0.30* | 0.05 | 0.35* | 0.18 | 0.49*** | 0.48*** |
表3手机成瘾、社交焦虑、负性情绪信息注意偏向与抑郁的相关分析
| 变量 | M ± SD | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1手机成瘾 | 46.41 ± 9.34 | 1 | ||||||
| 2戒断症状 | 18.35 ± 4.01 | 0.90*** | 1 | |||||
| 3突显行为 | 10.65 ± 3.01 | 0.78*** | 0.63*** | 1 | ||||
| 4社交安抚 | 8.57 ± 2.47 | 0.62*** | 0.45** | 0.29* | 1 | |||
| 5心境改变 | 8.84 ± 2.68 | 0.70*** | 0.52*** | 0.37** | 0.26 | 1 | ||
| 6抑郁 | 10.84 ± 8.11 | 0.34*** | 0.28* | 0.33* | 0.28* | 0.15 | 1 | |
| 7社交焦虑 | 47.88 ± 12.40 | 0.39*** | 0.34* | 0.28* | 0.30* | 0.24 | 0.53*** | 1 |
| 8负性情绪信息注意偏向 | 4.13 ± 14.14 | 0.29* | 0.30* | 0.05 | 0.35* | 0.18 | 0.49*** | 0.48*** |
图4手机成瘾预测抑郁的多重中介作用模型
图4手机成瘾预测抑郁的多重中介作用模型参考文献 72
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