), 孟乐3, 张小林1, 黄楠芯1, 张金桥1 1暨南大学华文学院, 广州 510610
2广西师范大学教育学部, 桂林 541004
3中国人民大学心理学系, 北京 100872
收稿日期:2020-09-13出版日期:2021-09-25发布日期:2021-07-22通讯作者:张积家E-mail:zhangjj1955@163.com基金资助:国家民委民族研究重点项目“少数民族学生双语学习认知规律研究”(2017-GMA-004);暨南大学大统战专项研究项目“港澳台和海外华侨青年语言教育与国家认同关系研究”(12620821)Language evolution and ethnic group/dialect name affecting ethnic information processing: Three major Chinese dialects in Guangdong
WU Limei1, ZHANG Jijia2,1(), MENG Le3, ZHANG Xiaolin1, HUANG Nanxin1, ZHANG Jinqiao1 1College of Chinese Language and Culture, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510610, China
2Faculty of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
3Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
Received:2020-09-13Online:2021-09-25Published:2021-07-22Contact:ZHANG Jijia E-mail:zhangjj1955@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 语言是族群的重要文化特征之一。基于广东三大方言族群均为中原移民的史实, 探讨三大汉语方言的语言演变差异与族群/方言名称对方言讲话者对中原族群信息加工的影响。以方言为客家话、粤语和潮汕话的广东大学生为被试, 实验1采用群体参照的R/K范式, 考察不同方言讲话者对中原族群信息的记忆; 实验2采用启动Stroop范式, 考察不同方言讲话者对中原族群信息的注意偏向。结果表明, 语言演变差异与族群/方言名称影响不同方言讲话者对中原族群的信息保持, 顽强地保持祖先语言的客家方言族群对中原族群的信息加工产生群体参照效应; 语言演变差异和族群/方言名称影响方言讲话者对中原族群信息的注意偏向, 客家方言族群对中原族群的信息加工产生注意偏向。整个研究表明, 语言演变差异和族群/方言名称影响对同祖语族群的信息加工, 完整地保留汉祖语特点、强化方言与汉祖语的关系, 能够增强根祖意识, 增进对同根族群的认同。研究结果对铸牢中华民族共同体意识具有重要启示。
图/表 6
表1实验1人格形容词信息表
| 实验过程 | 人格词类型 | 材料举例 | 平均笔画数 | 平均字频 | 词性效价 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 学习阶段 | 积极词 | 正直 可靠 | 17.18 (4.54) | 165.55 (67.79) | 5.66 (1.43) |
| 消极词 | 势利 固执 | 18.60 (5.13) | 159.36 (72.74) | 2.43 (0.93) | |
| 再认阶段 | 积极词 | 踏实 稳重 | 17.53 (3.74) | 163.49 (68.33) | 5.58 (1.63) |
| 消极词 | 粗鲁 马虎 | 18.15 (5.47) | 160.57 (72.81) | 2.32 (0.96) |
表1实验1人格形容词信息表
| 实验过程 | 人格词类型 | 材料举例 | 平均笔画数 | 平均字频 | 词性效价 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 学习阶段 | 积极词 | 正直 可靠 | 17.18 (4.54) | 165.55 (67.79) | 5.66 (1.43) |
| 消极词 | 势利 固执 | 18.60 (5.13) | 159.36 (72.74) | 2.43 (0.93) | |
| 再认阶段 | 积极词 | 踏实 稳重 | 17.53 (3.74) | 163.49 (68.33) | 5.58 (1.63) |
| 消极词 | 粗鲁 马虎 | 18.15 (5.47) | 160.57 (72.81) | 2.32 (0.96) |
图1实验1流程图
图1实验1流程图表2不同方言群体在不同参照加工任务中的再认率及R/K判断率
| 被试类型 | 参照条件 | 记忆类型 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 再认 | R | K | ||
| 客家话 讲话者 | 参照客家人(本族) | 0.76 (0.15) | 0.45 (0.25) | 0.30 (0.23) |
| 参照河南人(中原) | 0.68 (0.19) | 0.40 (0.24) | 0.33 (0.19) | |
| 参照朝鲜族(无关) | 0.66 (0.20) | 0.35 (0.22) | 0.28 (0.17) | |
| 粤语讲 话者 | 参照广府人(本族) | 0.76 (0.13) | 0.46 (0.25) | 0.29 (0.15) |
| 参照河南人(中原) | 0.70 (0.14) | 0.35 (0.22) | 0.30 (0.21) | |
| 参照朝鲜族(无关) | 0.70 (0.15) | 0.38 (0.24) | 0.35 (0.20) | |
| 潮汕话 讲话者 | 参照潮汕人(本族) | 0.76 (0.19) | 0.53 (0.24) | 0.23 (0.15) |
| 参照河南人(中原) | 0.64 (0.18) | 0.38 (0.22) | 0.26 (0.16) | |
| 参照朝鲜族(无关) | 0.63 (0.22) | 0.37 (0.21) | 0.24 (0.14) | |
表2不同方言群体在不同参照加工任务中的再认率及R/K判断率
| 被试类型 | 参照条件 | 记忆类型 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 再认 | R | K | ||
| 客家话 讲话者 | 参照客家人(本族) | 0.76 (0.15) | 0.45 (0.25) | 0.30 (0.23) |
| 参照河南人(中原) | 0.68 (0.19) | 0.40 (0.24) | 0.33 (0.19) | |
| 参照朝鲜族(无关) | 0.66 (0.20) | 0.35 (0.22) | 0.28 (0.17) | |
| 粤语讲 话者 | 参照广府人(本族) | 0.76 (0.13) | 0.46 (0.25) | 0.29 (0.15) |
| 参照河南人(中原) | 0.70 (0.14) | 0.35 (0.22) | 0.30 (0.21) | |
| 参照朝鲜族(无关) | 0.70 (0.15) | 0.38 (0.24) | 0.35 (0.20) | |
| 潮汕话 讲话者 | 参照潮汕人(本族) | 0.76 (0.19) | 0.53 (0.24) | 0.23 (0.15) |
| 参照河南人(中原) | 0.64 (0.18) | 0.38 (0.22) | 0.26 (0.16) | |
| 参照朝鲜族(无关) | 0.63 (0.22) | 0.37 (0.21) | 0.24 (0.14) | |
表3实验2的靶词信息
| 靶词类型 | 材料举例 | 平均笔画数 | 平均字频 | 平均效价 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 积极词 | 善良 勤劳 | 23.50 | 187.70 | 6.01 |
| 消极词 | 狡诈 懒惰 | 24.14 | 168.11 | 1.87 |
| 无关词 | 明亮 危险 | 23.03 | 172.20 | 4.03 |
表3实验2的靶词信息
| 靶词类型 | 材料举例 | 平均笔画数 | 平均字频 | 平均效价 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 积极词 | 善良 勤劳 | 23.50 | 187.70 | 6.01 |
| 消极词 | 狡诈 懒惰 | 24.14 | 168.11 | 1.87 |
| 无关词 | 明亮 危险 | 23.03 | 172.20 | 4.03 |
图2实验2流程图
图2实验2流程图表4不同族群名称启动的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 被试类型 | 启动族群名称 | 靶词 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 积极词 | 消极词 | 无关词 | |||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 客家话讲话者 | 客家人(本族) | 1041(459) | 2.13 (4.87) | 1056 (448) | 1.93 (4.06) | 1036 (459) | 1.83 (3.07) |
| 河南人(中原) | 817 (257) | 1.80 (3.46) | 810 (227) | 3.10 (4.65) | 816 (228) | 2.13 (3.52) | |
| 朝鲜族(无关) | 638 (148) | 3.27 (4.95) | 624 (137) | 3.43 (6.52) | 628 (141) | 2.80 (4.39) | |
| 无启动 | 621 (170) | 2.43 (3.89) | 621 (164) | 2.30 (3.53) | 640 (164) | 2.80 (4.88) | |
| 粤语讲话者 | 广府人(本族) | 925(354) | 1.50 (2.33) | 911(338) | 2.33 (2.91) | 931 (354) | 2.00 (3.10) |
| 河南人(中原) | 617(105) | 2.83 (2.84) | 628 (108) | 2.83 (3.64) | 634 (110) | 2.60 (4.70) | |
| 朝鲜族(无关) | 634 (115) | 1.67 (2.73) | 623 (101) | 1.80 (3.21) | 635 (126) | 2.83 (3.86) | |
| 无启动 | 628 (100) | 2.30 (3.77) | 526 (103) | 1.67 (2.73) | 639 (125) | 1.17 (2.52) | |
| 潮汕话讲话者 | 潮汕人(本族) | 905 (243) | 1.30 (3.33) | 908 (225) | 2.67 (3.40) | 933 (242) | 3.67 (2.73) |
| 河南人(中原) | 583 (143) | 2.70 (5.03) | 585 (147) | 2.03 (6.21) | 591 (155) | 3.23 (5.13) | |
| 朝鲜族(无关) | 587 (156) | 3.33 (3.55) | 578 (156) | 2.43 (4.83) | 588 (158) | 2.53 (5.85) | |
| 无启动 | 585 (172) | 3.33 (4.22) | 583 (148) | 1.97 (4.31) | 588 (155) | 2.40 (5.40) | |
表4不同族群名称启动的平均反应时(ms)和平均错误率(%)
| 被试类型 | 启动族群名称 | 靶词 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 积极词 | 消极词 | 无关词 | |||||
| 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | 反应时 | 错误率 | ||
| 客家话讲话者 | 客家人(本族) | 1041(459) | 2.13 (4.87) | 1056 (448) | 1.93 (4.06) | 1036 (459) | 1.83 (3.07) |
| 河南人(中原) | 817 (257) | 1.80 (3.46) | 810 (227) | 3.10 (4.65) | 816 (228) | 2.13 (3.52) | |
| 朝鲜族(无关) | 638 (148) | 3.27 (4.95) | 624 (137) | 3.43 (6.52) | 628 (141) | 2.80 (4.39) | |
| 无启动 | 621 (170) | 2.43 (3.89) | 621 (164) | 2.30 (3.53) | 640 (164) | 2.80 (4.88) | |
| 粤语讲话者 | 广府人(本族) | 925(354) | 1.50 (2.33) | 911(338) | 2.33 (2.91) | 931 (354) | 2.00 (3.10) |
| 河南人(中原) | 617(105) | 2.83 (2.84) | 628 (108) | 2.83 (3.64) | 634 (110) | 2.60 (4.70) | |
| 朝鲜族(无关) | 634 (115) | 1.67 (2.73) | 623 (101) | 1.80 (3.21) | 635 (126) | 2.83 (3.86) | |
| 无启动 | 628 (100) | 2.30 (3.77) | 526 (103) | 1.67 (2.73) | 639 (125) | 1.17 (2.52) | |
| 潮汕话讲话者 | 潮汕人(本族) | 905 (243) | 1.30 (3.33) | 908 (225) | 2.67 (3.40) | 933 (242) | 3.67 (2.73) |
| 河南人(中原) | 583 (143) | 2.70 (5.03) | 585 (147) | 2.03 (6.21) | 591 (155) | 3.23 (5.13) | |
| 朝鲜族(无关) | 587 (156) | 3.33 (3.55) | 578 (156) | 2.43 (4.83) | 588 (158) | 2.53 (5.85) | |
| 无启动 | 585 (172) | 3.33 (4.22) | 583 (148) | 1.97 (4.31) | 588 (155) | 2.40 (5.40) | |
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