) 华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海市心理健康与危机干预重点实验室, 上海 200062
收稿日期:2020-09-08出版日期:2021-08-25发布日期:2021-06-25通讯作者:郝宁E-mail:nhao@psy.ecnu.edu.cn基金资助:*教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(17YJA190007)The effect of anger on malevolent creativity and strategies for its emotion regulation
CHENG Rui, LU Kelong, HAO Ning() Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
Received:2020-09-08Online:2021-08-25Published:2021-06-25Contact:HAO Ning E-mail:nhao@psy.ecnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 以两个实验考察愤怒情绪对恶意创造力表现的影响及作用路径, 并探究调节愤怒情绪对削弱恶意创造力表现的效应。实验1比较愤怒、悲伤、中性情绪下个体恶意创造力表现的差异, 发现愤怒情绪下个体生成更多、更新颖的恶意观点, 情绪唤醒度和内隐攻击性中介了愤怒对恶意创造力表现的影响。实验2探究不同情绪调节策略(认知重评、表达抑制)如何影响愤怒个体的恶意创造力表现, 发现认知重评组和表达抑制组的恶意创造力表现比无策略的控制组水平更低, 情绪唤醒度和内隐攻击性中介了两种情绪调节策略对个体恶意创造力表现的影响。上述结果表明, 愤怒情绪通过提升内隐攻击性和情绪唤醒度进而促进个体恶意创造力表现, 而认知重评和表达抑制策略可作为削弱愤怒个体的恶意创造力表现的有效策略。
图/表 10
图1实验1任务流程图
图1实验1任务流程图表1实验1情绪操纵检验的描述统计(M ± SD)及差异检验结果
| 实验条件 | 前测 | 后测 | t(33) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒情绪组 | ||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.18 ± 1.22 | 3.74 ± 1.58 | 8.80 | 0.000*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.97 ± 1.57 | 5.91 ± 2.15 | -2.26 | 0.030* |
| 愤怒 | 1.56 ± 0.93 | 5.18 ± 1.83 | -10.80 | 0.000*** |
| 悲伤 | 2.74 ± 1.85 | 3.15 ± 1.86 | -1.19 | 0.242 |
| 悲伤情绪组 | ||||
| 愉悦度 | 5.65 ± 1.18 | 3.27 ± 1.40 | 8.41 | 0.000*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.82 ± 1.31 | 3.56 ± 1.71 | 4.07 | 0.000*** |
| 愤怒 | 1.97 ± 1.64 | 2.62 ± 1.74 | -1.55 | 0.131 |
| 悲伤 | 2.03 ± 1.19 | 5.00 ± 1.81 | -7.70 | 0.000*** |
| 中性情绪组 | ||||
| 愉悦度 | 5.62 ± 1.30 | 5.38 ± 1.21 | 1.19 | 0.224 |
| 唤醒度 | 4.71 ± 1.36 | 4.59 ± 1.64 | 0.37 | 0.711 |
| 愤怒 | 1.88 ± 1.30 | 1.79 ± 1.18 | 0.46 | 0.646 |
| 悲伤 | 2.53 ± 1.85 | 2.62 ± 2.03 | -0.26 | 0.795 |
表1实验1情绪操纵检验的描述统计(M ± SD)及差异检验结果
| 实验条件 | 前测 | 后测 | t(33) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 愤怒情绪组 | ||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.18 ± 1.22 | 3.74 ± 1.58 | 8.80 | 0.000*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.97 ± 1.57 | 5.91 ± 2.15 | -2.26 | 0.030* |
| 愤怒 | 1.56 ± 0.93 | 5.18 ± 1.83 | -10.80 | 0.000*** |
| 悲伤 | 2.74 ± 1.85 | 3.15 ± 1.86 | -1.19 | 0.242 |
| 悲伤情绪组 | ||||
| 愉悦度 | 5.65 ± 1.18 | 3.27 ± 1.40 | 8.41 | 0.000*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.82 ± 1.31 | 3.56 ± 1.71 | 4.07 | 0.000*** |
| 愤怒 | 1.97 ± 1.64 | 2.62 ± 1.74 | -1.55 | 0.131 |
| 悲伤 | 2.03 ± 1.19 | 5.00 ± 1.81 | -7.70 | 0.000*** |
| 中性情绪组 | ||||
| 愉悦度 | 5.62 ± 1.30 | 5.38 ± 1.21 | 1.19 | 0.224 |
| 唤醒度 | 4.71 ± 1.36 | 4.59 ± 1.64 | 0.37 | 0.711 |
| 愤怒 | 1.88 ± 1.30 | 1.79 ± 1.18 | 0.46 | 0.646 |
| 悲伤 | 2.53 ± 1.85 | 2.62 ± 2.03 | -0.26 | 0.795 |
图2实验1不同情绪条件下的恶意创造力和一般创造力表现 注: (A)MCT流畅性; (B)MCT新颖性; (C)MCT伤害性; (D)AUT流畅性; (E)AUT新颖性。误差棒代表标准误。*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001。
图2实验1不同情绪条件下的恶意创造力和一般创造力表现 注: (A)MCT流畅性; (B)MCT新颖性; (C)MCT伤害性; (D)AUT流畅性; (E)AUT新颖性。误差棒代表标准误。*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001。
图3实验1内隐攻击性在情绪与恶意创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图3实验1内隐攻击性在情绪与恶意创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图4实验1唤醒度在情绪与恶意创造力和一般创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图4实验1唤醒度在情绪与恶意创造力和一般创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图5实验2任务流程图
图5实验2任务流程图表2实验2愤怒情绪诱发与情绪调节检验的描述统计(M ± SD)及方差分析结果
| 实验条件 | 前测 | 诱发后测 | 调节后测 | F(2, 78) | p | 事后比较 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 认知重评 | ||||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.25 ± 1.35 | 4.15 ± 1.33 | 5.93 ± 1.10 | 40.77 | 0.000*** | 前测>诱后*** 诱后<调后*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.65 ± 1.75 | 5.33 ± 2.07 | 4.40 ± 1.39 | 3.50 | 0.035* | 诱后>调后* |
| 愤怒 | 1.63 ± 1.01 | 4.15 ± 1.72 | 1.98 ± 1.03 | 60.64 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后*** 诱后>调后*** |
| 表达抑制 | ||||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.38 ± 1.31 | 4.25 ± 1.37 | 5.03 ± 1.39 | 42.54 | 0.000*** | 前测>诱后*** 前测>调后** 诱后<调后*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.85 ± 1.31 | 5.93 ± 1.64 | 4.25 ± 1.50 | 12.23 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后* 诱后>调后*** |
| 愤怒 | 1.70 ± 0.94 | 4.47 ± 1.75 | 2.88 ± 1.47 | 54.97 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后*** 前测<调后** 诱后>调后*** |
| 控制组 | ||||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.25 ± 1.71 | 4.33 ± 1.54 | 4.28 ± 1.78 | 25.17 | 0.000*** | 前测>诱后*** 前测>调后*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.72 ± 1.31 | 5.50 ± 1.95 | 5.15 ± 1.96 | 2.02 | 0.14 | |
| 愤怒 | 1.79 ± 1.18 | 4.35 ± 2.34 | 4.00 ± 2.92 | 24.11 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后*** 前测<调后*** |
表2实验2愤怒情绪诱发与情绪调节检验的描述统计(M ± SD)及方差分析结果
| 实验条件 | 前测 | 诱发后测 | 调节后测 | F(2, 78) | p | 事后比较 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 认知重评 | ||||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.25 ± 1.35 | 4.15 ± 1.33 | 5.93 ± 1.10 | 40.77 | 0.000*** | 前测>诱后*** 诱后<调后*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.65 ± 1.75 | 5.33 ± 2.07 | 4.40 ± 1.39 | 3.50 | 0.035* | 诱后>调后* |
| 愤怒 | 1.63 ± 1.01 | 4.15 ± 1.72 | 1.98 ± 1.03 | 60.64 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后*** 诱后>调后*** |
| 表达抑制 | ||||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.38 ± 1.31 | 4.25 ± 1.37 | 5.03 ± 1.39 | 42.54 | 0.000*** | 前测>诱后*** 前测>调后** 诱后<调后*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.85 ± 1.31 | 5.93 ± 1.64 | 4.25 ± 1.50 | 12.23 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后* 诱后>调后*** |
| 愤怒 | 1.70 ± 0.94 | 4.47 ± 1.75 | 2.88 ± 1.47 | 54.97 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后*** 前测<调后** 诱后>调后*** |
| 控制组 | ||||||
| 愉悦度 | 6.25 ± 1.71 | 4.33 ± 1.54 | 4.28 ± 1.78 | 25.17 | 0.000*** | 前测>诱后*** 前测>调后*** |
| 唤醒度 | 4.72 ± 1.31 | 5.50 ± 1.95 | 5.15 ± 1.96 | 2.02 | 0.14 | |
| 愤怒 | 1.79 ± 1.18 | 4.35 ± 2.34 | 4.00 ± 2.92 | 24.11 | 0.000*** | 前测<诱后*** 前测<调后*** |
图6实验2不同情绪调节策略条件下的前后测任务表现 注: (A)MCT流畅性; (B)MCT新颖性; (C)MCT伤害性。误差棒代表标准误。*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001。
图6实验2不同情绪调节策略条件下的前后测任务表现 注: (A)MCT流畅性; (B)MCT新颖性; (C)MCT伤害性。误差棒代表标准误。*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001。
图7实验2内隐攻击性在认知重评、表达抑制与恶意创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图7实验2内隐攻击性在认知重评、表达抑制与恶意创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图8实验2情绪唤醒度在认知重评和表达抑制与恶意创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。
图8实验2情绪唤醒度在认知重评和表达抑制与恶意创造力间的中介效应图 注: *p < 0.05, 表示在0.05水平显著; **p < 0.01, 表示在0.01水平显著; ***p < 0.001, 表示在0.001水平显著。系数为非标准化系数, ()内为标准误。参考文献 51
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