1天津师范大学心理学部/心理与行为研究院, 天津 300387
2广东农工商职业技术学院教务处, 广州 510507
3华南师范大学心理学院, 广州 510631
4暨南大学新闻与传播学院/媒体国家级实验教学示范中心, 广州 510632
收稿日期:
2020-09-14出版日期:
2021-07-25发布日期:
2021-05-24通讯作者:
陈广耀,王敬欣E-mail:ccggyy86@163.com;wjxpsy@126.com基金资助:
国家自然科学(81771823);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(20YJC190024);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(19JNQM04)Exploring the cognitive mechanism of irrelevant speech effect in Chinese reading: Evidence from eye movements
WU Sanmei1,2, TIAN Liangsu3, CHEN Jiaqiao3, CHEN Guangyao4(), WANG Jingxin1()1Faculty of Psychology/Academy of Psychology and Behavior, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
2Academic Affairs Department, Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College, Guangzhou 510507, China
3School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
4School of Journalism & Communication/National Media & Experimental Teaching Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
Received:
2020-09-14Online:
2021-07-25Published:
2021-05-24Contact:
CHEN Guangyao,WANG Jingxin E-mail:ccggyy86@163.com;wjxpsy@126.com摘要/Abstract
摘要: 采用眼动追踪技术探讨中文阅读中无关言语效应的影响机制, 操纵了背景音的类型(有意义背景音、无意义背景音、无声), 通过3个实验考察其对简单句、复杂句、篇章阅读的影响。结果发现, 被试在无意义背景音条件下加工三类阅读材料时的眼动指标与无声条件相比差异均不显著; 但是, 在有意义背景音条件下, 被试在进行复杂句和篇章阅读时的眼动指标与无声条件相比差异显著, 而在简单句阅读中差异不显著。结果表明, 语义属性才是影响无关言语效应产生的关键因素, 其所起作用受到阅读任务难度的调节, 而对阅读过程的影响主要体现在晚期的词汇加工和语义整合阶段, 本研究结果支持了语义干扰假说。
图/表 12
表1整体分析各眼动指标的均值与标准误
背景音条件 | 平均注视时间(ms) | 句子阅读时间(ms) | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 224 (1) | 4819 (66) | 12.67 (0.14) | 3.22 (0.06) |
无意义语音 | 224 (1) | 4674 (60) | 12.38 (0.13) | 3.29 (0.06) |
有意义语音 | 225 (1) | 4899 (66) | 13.22 (0.16) | 3.62 (0.07) |
表1整体分析各眼动指标的均值与标准误
背景音条件 | 平均注视时间(ms) | 句子阅读时间(ms) | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 224 (1) | 4819 (66) | 12.67 (0.14) | 3.22 (0.06) |
无意义语音 | 224 (1) | 4674 (60) | 12.38 (0.13) | 3.29 (0.06) |
有意义语音 | 225 (1) | 4899 (66) | 13.22 (0.16) | 3.62 (0.07) |
表2实验1句子指标上的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 平均注视时间 | 句子阅读时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 224.03 | 4.32 | 51.91 | < 0.001 | [5.15, 5.43] | 4788.43 | 232.69 | 20.58 | < 0.001 | [8.28, 8.56] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -0.38 | 2.24 | -0.17 | 0.87 | [-0.12, 0.32] | -146.26 | 118.41 | -1.24 | 0.22 | [-0.27, 0.13] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 0.39 | 1.67 | 0.23 | 0.82 | [0.17, 0.42] | 58.82 | 103.85 | 0.57 | 0.57 | [0.26, 0.55] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 0.56 | 1.9 | 0.29 | 0.77 | [0.23, 0.58] | 190 | 124.65 | 1.52 | 0.13 | [0.15, 0.46] |
变量 | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 12.66 | 0.48 | 26.12 | < 0.001 | [2.19, 2.54] | 3.28 | 0.18 | 18.37 | < 0.001 | [3.47, 3.86] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -0.31 | 0.3 | -1.01 | 0.32 | [-0.17, 0.33] | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.87 | [0.07, 0.28] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 1.59 | 0.12 | [0.02, 0.37] | 0.35 | 0.11 | 3.12 | < 0.001 | [0.05, 0.42] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 0.69 | 0.34 | 1.83 | 0.06 | [0.11, 0.62] | 0.30 | 0.15 | 2.08 | 0.04 | [0.19, 0.67] |
表2实验1句子指标上的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 平均注视时间 | 句子阅读时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 224.03 | 4.32 | 51.91 | < 0.001 | [5.15, 5.43] | 4788.43 | 232.69 | 20.58 | < 0.001 | [8.28, 8.56] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -0.38 | 2.24 | -0.17 | 0.87 | [-0.12, 0.32] | -146.26 | 118.41 | -1.24 | 0.22 | [-0.27, 0.13] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 0.39 | 1.67 | 0.23 | 0.82 | [0.17, 0.42] | 58.82 | 103.85 | 0.57 | 0.57 | [0.26, 0.55] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 0.56 | 1.9 | 0.29 | 0.77 | [0.23, 0.58] | 190 | 124.65 | 1.52 | 0.13 | [0.15, 0.46] |
变量 | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 12.66 | 0.48 | 26.12 | < 0.001 | [2.19, 2.54] | 3.28 | 0.18 | 18.37 | < 0.001 | [3.47, 3.86] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -0.31 | 0.3 | -1.01 | 0.32 | [-0.17, 0.33] | 0.02 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.87 | [0.07, 0.28] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 0.45 | 0.28 | 1.59 | 0.12 | [0.02, 0.37] | 0.35 | 0.11 | 3.12 | < 0.001 | [0.05, 0.42] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 0.69 | 0.34 | 1.83 | 0.06 | [0.11, 0.62] | 0.30 | 0.15 | 2.08 | 0.04 | [0.19, 0.67] |
表3局部分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 首次注视时间(ms) | 凝视时间(ms) | 回视路径时间(ms) | 总注视时间(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 244 (3) | 265 (4) | 331 (9) | 352 (7) |
无意义语音 | 242 (3) | 264 (4) | 328 (9) | 349 (7) |
有意义语音 | 240 (3) | 266 (5) | 336 (10) | 357 (7) |
表3局部分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 首次注视时间(ms) | 凝视时间(ms) | 回视路径时间(ms) | 总注视时间(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 244 (3) | 265 (4) | 331 (9) | 352 (7) |
无意义语音 | 242 (3) | 264 (4) | 328 (9) | 349 (7) |
有意义语音 | 240 (3) | 266 (5) | 336 (10) | 357 (7) |
表4实验1目标词上的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 首次注视时间 | 凝视时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 237.15 | 5.47 | 43.36 | < 0.001 | [5.37, 5.61] | 256.56 | 8.12 | 31.6 | < 0.001 | [5.25, 5.72] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -1.21 | 4.44 | -0.27 | 0.79 | [-0.13, 0.23] | -1.09 | 6.05 | -0.18 | 0.86 | [-0.14, 0.29] |
有意义语音vs无声 | -4.31 | 4.46 | -0.97 | 0.34 | [-0.05, 0.41] | -1.79 | 7.11 | -0.25 | 0.8 | [-0.16, 0.32] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | -3.52 | 4.3 | -0.82 | 0.42 | [-0.07, 0.50] | -3.82 | 5.77 | -0.66 | 0.51 | [-0.23, 0.47] |
变量 | 回视路径时间 | 总注视时间 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 323.66 | 12.45 | 26.01 | < 0.001 | [5.33, 5.68] | 343.01 | 12.16 | 28.21 | < 0.001 | [5.42, 5.74] |
无意义语音vs无声 | 0.46 | 12.83 | 0.04 | 0.97 | [0.26, 0.44] | -4.04 | 11.4 | -0.35 | 0.72 | [-0.09, 0.32] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 1.94 | 14.81 | 0.13 | 0.90 | [0.11, 0.34] | 2.89 | 9.98 | 0.29 | 0.77 | [0.23, 0.55] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 2.04 | 15.54 | 0.13 | 0.91 | [0.16, 0.57] | 8.25 | 13.85 | 0.60 | 0.55 | [0.21, 0.72] |
表4实验1目标词上的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 首次注视时间 | 凝视时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 237.15 | 5.47 | 43.36 | < 0.001 | [5.37, 5.61] | 256.56 | 8.12 | 31.6 | < 0.001 | [5.25, 5.72] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -1.21 | 4.44 | -0.27 | 0.79 | [-0.13, 0.23] | -1.09 | 6.05 | -0.18 | 0.86 | [-0.14, 0.29] |
有意义语音vs无声 | -4.31 | 4.46 | -0.97 | 0.34 | [-0.05, 0.41] | -1.79 | 7.11 | -0.25 | 0.8 | [-0.16, 0.32] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | -3.52 | 4.3 | -0.82 | 0.42 | [-0.07, 0.50] | -3.82 | 5.77 | -0.66 | 0.51 | [-0.23, 0.47] |
变量 | 回视路径时间 | 总注视时间 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 323.66 | 12.45 | 26.01 | < 0.001 | [5.33, 5.68] | 343.01 | 12.16 | 28.21 | < 0.001 | [5.42, 5.74] |
无意义语音vs无声 | 0.46 | 12.83 | 0.04 | 0.97 | [0.26, 0.44] | -4.04 | 11.4 | -0.35 | 0.72 | [-0.09, 0.32] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 1.94 | 14.81 | 0.13 | 0.90 | [0.11, 0.34] | 2.89 | 9.98 | 0.29 | 0.77 | [0.23, 0.55] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 2.04 | 15.54 | 0.13 | 0.91 | [0.16, 0.57] | 8.25 | 13.85 | 0.60 | 0.55 | [0.21, 0.72] |
表5整体分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 平均注视时间(ms) | 句子阅读时间(ms) | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 262 (1.17) | 11063 (188) | 32.98 (0.55) | 9.72 (0.21) |
无意义语音 | 260 (1.12) | 10755 (171) | 31.99 (0.48) | 9.05 (0.17) |
有意义语音 | 266 (1.21) | 13664 (228) | 40.68 (0.67) | 12.86 (0.27) |
表5整体分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 平均注视时间(ms) | 句子阅读时间(ms) | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 262 (1.17) | 11063 (188) | 32.98 (0.55) | 9.72 (0.21) |
无意义语音 | 260 (1.12) | 10755 (171) | 31.99 (0.48) | 9.05 (0.17) |
有意义语音 | 266 (1.21) | 13664 (228) | 40.68 (0.67) | 12.86 (0.27) |
表6实验2句子指标的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 平均注视时间 | 句子阅读时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 262.59 | 4.67 | 56.21 | < 0.001 | [6.21, 6.57] | 8877.49 | 754.56 | 15.74 | < 0.001 | [7.17, 7.55] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -2.20 | 1.33 | -1.66 | 0.10 | [-0.61, -0.28] | -332.92 | 333.05 | -1.00 | 0.32 | [-0.79, -0.41] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 4.06 | 2.08 | 1.96 | 0.05 | [0.51, 0.59] | 2661.43 | 511.56 | 5.20 | < 0.001 | [0.21, 0.62] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 6.26 | 2.04 | 3.06 | 0.003 | [0.12, 0.60] | 2999.39 | 403.68 | 7.43 | < 0.001 | [0.29, 0.75] |
变量 | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 35.37 | 2.17 | 16.28 | < 0.001 | [4.16, 4.65] | 10.60 | 0.78 | 13.64 | < 0.001 | [4.21, 4.68] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -1.07 | 1.05 | -1.02 | 0.31 | [-0.69, -0.35] | -0.67 | 0.46 | -1.44 | 0.15 | [-0.51, -0.17] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 7.86 | 1.51 | 5.20 | < 0.001 | [0.17, 0.61] | 3.22 | 0.62 | 5.21 | < 0.001 | [0.24, 0.63] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 8.91 | 1.21 | 7.38 | < 0.001 | [0.27, 0.77] | 3.87 | 0.56 | 6.91 | < 0.001 | [0.15, 0.68] |
表6实验2句子指标的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 平均注视时间 | 句子阅读时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 262.59 | 4.67 | 56.21 | < 0.001 | [6.21, 6.57] | 8877.49 | 754.56 | 15.74 | < 0.001 | [7.17, 7.55] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -2.20 | 1.33 | -1.66 | 0.10 | [-0.61, -0.28] | -332.92 | 333.05 | -1.00 | 0.32 | [-0.79, -0.41] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 4.06 | 2.08 | 1.96 | 0.05 | [0.51, 0.59] | 2661.43 | 511.56 | 5.20 | < 0.001 | [0.21, 0.62] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 6.26 | 2.04 | 3.06 | 0.003 | [0.12, 0.60] | 2999.39 | 403.68 | 7.43 | < 0.001 | [0.29, 0.75] |
变量 | 句子注视次数 | 回视次数 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 35.37 | 2.17 | 16.28 | < 0.001 | [4.16, 4.65] | 10.60 | 0.78 | 13.64 | < 0.001 | [4.21, 4.68] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -1.07 | 1.05 | -1.02 | 0.31 | [-0.69, -0.35] | -0.67 | 0.46 | -1.44 | 0.15 | [-0.51, -0.17] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 7.86 | 1.51 | 5.20 | < 0.001 | [0.17, 0.61] | 3.22 | 0.62 | 5.21 | < 0.001 | [0.24, 0.63] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 8.91 | 1.21 | 7.38 | < 0.001 | [0.27, 0.77] | 3.87 | 0.56 | 6.91 | < 0.001 | [0.15, 0.68] |
表7局部分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 首次注视时间(ms) | 凝视时间(ms) | 回视路径时间(ms) | 总注视时间(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 263 (1.17) | 311 (1.96) | 754 (11.69) | 541 (4.21) |
无意义语音 | 259 (1.16) | 300 (1.82) | 761 (11.90) | 520 (3.93) |
有意义语音 | 266 (1.29) | 315 (2.22) | 1025 (17.61) | 669 (5.43) |
表7局部分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 首次注视时间(ms) | 凝视时间(ms) | 回视路径时间(ms) | 总注视时间(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 263 (1.17) | 311 (1.96) | 754 (11.69) | 541 (4.21) |
无意义语音 | 259 (1.16) | 300 (1.82) | 761 (11.90) | 520 (3.93) |
有意义语音 | 266 (1.29) | 315 (2.22) | 1025 (17.61) | 669 (5.43) |
表8实验2目标词的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 首次注视时间 | 凝视时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 260.32 | 5.08 | 51.21 | < 0.001 | [4.34, 4.65] | 302.86 | 9.44 | 32.08 | < 0.001 | [4.27, 4.59] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -1.95 | 2.62 | -0.75 | 0.46 | [-0.63, -0.27] | -4.56 | 5.14 | -0.89 | 0.38 | [-0.58, -0.22] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 2.18 | 3.41 | 0.64 | 0.52 | [0.19, 0.56] | 5.71 | 5.21 | 1.10 | 0.28 | [0.18, 0.53] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 4.14 | 3.40 | 1.22 | 0.23 | [0.17, 0.58] | 10.27 | 6.44 | 1.60 | 0.12 | [0.31, 0.66] |
变量 | 回视路径时间 | 总注视时间 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 898.64 | 52.56 | 17.10 | < 0.001 | [5.22, 5.53] | 571.76 | 36.12 | 15.83 | < 0.001 | [5.17, 5.45] |
无意义语音vs无声 | 11.94 | 34.10 | 0.35 | 0.73 | [0.19, 0.64] | -21.16 | 17.32 | -1.22 | 0.23 | [-0.43, -0.11] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 298.03 | 44.10 | 6.55 | < 0.001 | [0.11, 0.50] | 125.60 | 24.70 | 5.09 | < 0.001 | [0.15, 0.51] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 275.97 | 47.68 | 5.79 | < 0.001 | [0.18, 0.62] | 146.75 | 21.01 | 6.99 | < 0.001 | [0.31, 0.82] |
表8实验2目标词的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 首次注视时间 | 凝视时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 260.32 | 5.08 | 51.21 | < 0.001 | [4.34, 4.65] | 302.86 | 9.44 | 32.08 | < 0.001 | [4.27, 4.59] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -1.95 | 2.62 | -0.75 | 0.46 | [-0.63, -0.27] | -4.56 | 5.14 | -0.89 | 0.38 | [-0.58, -0.22] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 2.18 | 3.41 | 0.64 | 0.52 | [0.19, 0.56] | 5.71 | 5.21 | 1.10 | 0.28 | [0.18, 0.53] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 4.14 | 3.40 | 1.22 | 0.23 | [0.17, 0.58] | 10.27 | 6.44 | 1.60 | 0.12 | [0.31, 0.66] |
变量 | 回视路径时间 | 总注视时间 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 898.64 | 52.56 | 17.10 | < 0.001 | [5.22, 5.53] | 571.76 | 36.12 | 15.83 | < 0.001 | [5.17, 5.45] |
无意义语音vs无声 | 11.94 | 34.10 | 0.35 | 0.73 | [0.19, 0.64] | -21.16 | 17.32 | -1.22 | 0.23 | [-0.43, -0.11] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 298.03 | 44.10 | 6.55 | < 0.001 | [0.11, 0.50] | 125.60 | 24.70 | 5.09 | < 0.001 | [0.15, 0.51] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 275.97 | 47.68 | 5.79 | < 0.001 | [0.18, 0.62] | 146.75 | 21.01 | 6.99 | < 0.001 | [0.31, 0.82] |
表9整体分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 平均注视时间(ms) | 篇章阅读时间(ms) | 篇章注视次数 | 回视次数 | 阅读速度(字/分钟) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 224 (2) | 48519 (1452) | 153.03 (4.3) | 41.78 (1.61) | 408 (13) |
无意义语音 | 224 (2) | 50241 (1496) | 156.98 (4.43) | 44.63 (1.64) | 387 (11) |
有意义语音 | 225 (2) | 51687 (1516) | 160.69 (4.41) | 45.72 (1.71) | 380 (11) |
表9整体分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 平均注视时间(ms) | 篇章阅读时间(ms) | 篇章注视次数 | 回视次数 | 阅读速度(字/分钟) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 224 (2) | 48519 (1452) | 153.03 (4.3) | 41.78 (1.61) | 408 (13) |
无意义语音 | 224 (2) | 50241 (1496) | 156.98 (4.43) | 44.63 (1.64) | 387 (11) |
有意义语音 | 225 (2) | 51687 (1516) | 160.69 (4.41) | 45.72 (1.71) | 380 (11) |
表10实验3篇章指标的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 平均注视时间 | 篇章阅读时间 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | ||
截距 | 224.48 | 4.5 | 49.91 | < 0.001 | [4.18, 4.56] | 20101.93 | 2762.11 | 18.14 | < 0.001 | [16.26, 16.75] | |
无意义语音vs无声 | 0.38 | 1.36 | 0.28 | 0.79 | [0.29, 0.54] | 1945.7 | 1512.15 | 1.29 | 0.22 | [0.24, 0.61] | |
有意义语音vs无声 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 0.90 | 0.38 | [0.26, 0.67] | 3309.55 | 1334.74 | 2.48 | 0.02 | [0.31, 0.74] | |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 1.03 | 1.3 | 0.79 | 0.44 | [0.14, 0.62] | 1292.62 | 1600.98 | 0.81 | 0.43 | [0.25, 0.81] | |
变量 | 篇章注视次数 | 回视次数 | |||||||||
β | SE | t | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |||
截距 | 156.73 | 8.08 | 19.4 | < 0.001 | [6.52, 6.81] | 44.03 | 3.18 | 13.85 | < 0.001 | [6.12, 6.51] | |
无意义语音vs无声 | 4.55 | 4.9 | 0.93 | 0.37 | [0.16, 0.53] | 3.05 | 1.71 | 1.79 | 0.10 | [0.18, 0.47] | |
有意义语音vs无声 | 7.97 | 4.34 | 1.84 | 0.08 | [0.19, 0.65] | 3.98 | 1.80 | 2.22 | 0.05 | [0.15, 0.62] | |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 3.08 | 5.33 | 0.58 | 0.57 | [0.21, 0.77] | 0.82 | 1.89 | 0.44 | 0.67 | [0.28, 0.73] | |
变量 | 阅读速度 | ||||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |||||||
截距 | 392.8 | 23.39 | 16.79 | < 0.001 | [4.28, 4.86] | ||||||
无意义语音vs无声 | -22.59 | 10.89 | -2.07 | 0.06 | [-0.72, -0.45] | ||||||
有意义语音vs无声 | -29.42 | 9.8 | -3.00 | 0.01 | [-0.12, 0.38] | ||||||
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | -6.43 | 9.36 | -0.69 | 0.50 | [0.21, 0.56] |
表10实验3篇章指标的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 平均注视时间 | 篇章阅读时间 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | ||
截距 | 224.48 | 4.5 | 49.91 | < 0.001 | [4.18, 4.56] | 20101.93 | 2762.11 | 18.14 | < 0.001 | [16.26, 16.75] | |
无意义语音vs无声 | 0.38 | 1.36 | 0.28 | 0.79 | [0.29, 0.54] | 1945.7 | 1512.15 | 1.29 | 0.22 | [0.24, 0.61] | |
有意义语音vs无声 | 1.41 | 1.57 | 0.90 | 0.38 | [0.26, 0.67] | 3309.55 | 1334.74 | 2.48 | 0.02 | [0.31, 0.74] | |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 1.03 | 1.3 | 0.79 | 0.44 | [0.14, 0.62] | 1292.62 | 1600.98 | 0.81 | 0.43 | [0.25, 0.81] | |
变量 | 篇章注视次数 | 回视次数 | |||||||||
β | SE | t | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |||
截距 | 156.73 | 8.08 | 19.4 | < 0.001 | [6.52, 6.81] | 44.03 | 3.18 | 13.85 | < 0.001 | [6.12, 6.51] | |
无意义语音vs无声 | 4.55 | 4.9 | 0.93 | 0.37 | [0.16, 0.53] | 3.05 | 1.71 | 1.79 | 0.10 | [0.18, 0.47] | |
有意义语音vs无声 | 7.97 | 4.34 | 1.84 | 0.08 | [0.19, 0.65] | 3.98 | 1.80 | 2.22 | 0.05 | [0.15, 0.62] | |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 3.08 | 5.33 | 0.58 | 0.57 | [0.21, 0.77] | 0.82 | 1.89 | 0.44 | 0.67 | [0.28, 0.73] | |
变量 | 阅读速度 | ||||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |||||||
截距 | 392.8 | 23.39 | 16.79 | < 0.001 | [4.28, 4.86] | ||||||
无意义语音vs无声 | -22.59 | 10.89 | -2.07 | 0.06 | [-0.72, -0.45] | ||||||
有意义语音vs无声 | -29.42 | 9.8 | -3.00 | 0.01 | [-0.12, 0.38] | ||||||
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | -6.43 | 9.36 | -0.69 | 0.50 | [0.21, 0.56] |
表11局部分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 首次注视时间(ms) | 凝视时间(ms) | 回视路径时间(ms) | 总注视时间(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 231 (2) | 250 (2) | 397 (7) | 255 (3) |
无意义语音 | 227 (2) | 244 (2) | 413 (8) | 261 (4) |
有意义语音 | 228 (1) | 246 (2) | 440 (9) | 276 (4) |
表11局部分析各眼动指标的平均数与标准误
背景音条件 | 首次注视时间(ms) | 凝视时间(ms) | 回视路径时间(ms) | 总注视时间(ms) |
---|---|---|---|---|
无声 | 231 (2) | 250 (2) | 397 (7) | 255 (3) |
无意义语音 | 227 (2) | 244 (2) | 413 (8) | 261 (4) |
有意义语音 | 228 (1) | 246 (2) | 440 (9) | 276 (4) |
表12实验3目标词的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 首次注视时间 | 凝视时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 225.57 | 4.6 | 49.03 | < 0.001 | [5.48, 5.75] | 241.17 | 5.63 | 42.83 | < 0.001 | [5.29, 5.73] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -3.28 | 3.67 | -0.90 | 0.40 | [-0.07, 0.26] | -3.24 | 4.87 | -0.67 | 0.52 | [-0.16, 0.28] |
有意义语音vs无声 | -1.58 | 2.86 | -0.55 | 0.59 | [-0.19, 0.34] | -1.24 | 3.48 | -0.36 | 0.73 | [-0.08, 0.43] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 1.19 | 2.64 | 0.45 | 0.66 | [0.15, 0.57] | 1.38 | 3.11 | 0.45 | 0.66 | [0.19, 0.65] |
变量 | 回视路径时间 | 总注视时间 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 410.01 | 18.11 | 22.64 | < 0.001 | [6.16, 6.49] | 261.31 | 15.23 | 17.16 | < 0.001 | [5.28.5.65] |
无意义语音vs无声 | 24.22 | 18.06 | 1.34 | 0.19 | [0.31, 0.63] | 7.93 | 8.88 | 0.89 | 0.38 | [0.25, 0.58] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 41.11 | 17.77 | 2.31 | 0.03 | [0.04, 0.52] | 22.53 | 9.47 | 2.38 | 0.02 | [0.21, 0.66] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 28.32 | 21.09 | 1.36 | 0.18 | [0.16, 0.77] | 15.05 | 10.59 | 1.42 | 0.16 | [0.14, 0.62] |
表12实验3目标词的线性混合模型分析结果
变量 | 首次注视时间 | 凝视时间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 225.57 | 4.6 | 49.03 | < 0.001 | [5.48, 5.75] | 241.17 | 5.63 | 42.83 | < 0.001 | [5.29, 5.73] |
无意义语音vs无声 | -3.28 | 3.67 | -0.90 | 0.40 | [-0.07, 0.26] | -3.24 | 4.87 | -0.67 | 0.52 | [-0.16, 0.28] |
有意义语音vs无声 | -1.58 | 2.86 | -0.55 | 0.59 | [-0.19, 0.34] | -1.24 | 3.48 | -0.36 | 0.73 | [-0.08, 0.43] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 1.19 | 2.64 | 0.45 | 0.66 | [0.15, 0.57] | 1.38 | 3.11 | 0.45 | 0.66 | [0.19, 0.65] |
变量 | 回视路径时间 | 总注视时间 | ||||||||
β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | β | SE | t | p | 95% CI | |
截距 | 410.01 | 18.11 | 22.64 | < 0.001 | [6.16, 6.49] | 261.31 | 15.23 | 17.16 | < 0.001 | [5.28.5.65] |
无意义语音vs无声 | 24.22 | 18.06 | 1.34 | 0.19 | [0.31, 0.63] | 7.93 | 8.88 | 0.89 | 0.38 | [0.25, 0.58] |
有意义语音vs无声 | 41.11 | 17.77 | 2.31 | 0.03 | [0.04, 0.52] | 22.53 | 9.47 | 2.38 | 0.02 | [0.21, 0.66] |
有意义语音vs无意义语音 | 28.32 | 21.09 | 1.36 | 0.18 | [0.16, 0.77] | 15.05 | 10.59 | 1.42 | 0.16 | [0.14, 0.62] |
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