) 1绍兴文理学院心理学系; 大脑、心智与教育研究中心, 浙江 绍兴 312000
2南京师范大学心理学院, 南京 210097
收稿日期:2020-08-31出版日期:2021-04-25发布日期:2021-04-07通讯作者:郭本禹E-mail:gbypro@163.com基金资助:*浙江省哲学社会科学规划新兴交叉学科重大扶持项目(21XXJC05ZD);*国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA043)Unfinished instinct: Zing-yang Kuo and the anti-instinct movement in China
CHEN Wei1, WANG Yong1, GUO Benyu2() 1Department of Psychology; Center for Brain, Mind and Education, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, Shaoxing 312000, China
2School of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu, Nanjing 210097, China
Received:2020-08-31Online:2021-04-25Published:2021-04-07Contact:GUO Benyu E-mail:gbypro@163.com摘要/Abstract
摘要： 受到达尔文生物进化论的深刻影响, “本能”这一概念在19世纪末至20世纪初逐渐成为人类和动物心理学的核心议题。年轻的中国发展心理生物学家郭任远在美国心理学界掀起了一场声势浩大的反本能运动。返回中国后, 他持续阐发其激进行为主义思想, 推动了“中国现代心理学史上三场争论之一”的本能论战。这场争论不仅促使艾伟、潘菽、高觉敷等心理学家纷纷参与, 还吸引了周建人、李石岑等公共知识分子的目光。郭任远的理论主张与实验工作, 桥接起了本能争论的中国与世界战场, 并激荡起诸多积极、消极与混合反应。论战加速了本能的心理学研究在方法论上从“扶手椅”迈向“实验室”, 也深陷混淆发育解释与进化解释的历史圈套。虽然郭任远及其推动的中国本能论战并没有实现对本能心理学的“完结”, 但却揭示出语义和信仰在科学研究中的认识论价值。这种理论渗透的意识形态最终确立起郭氏在行为科学史上独特的学术地位, 并为本能演变成“未完结”的、开放的科学问题提供动力。
图/表 1
图1中国本能论战的各方立场
图1中国本能论战的各方立场参考文献 82
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