), 高佳, 谢志杰, 何赛飞 华中师范大学心理学院·社会心理研究中心, 青少年网络心理与行为教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430079
收稿日期:2019-09-18出版日期:2021-03-25发布日期:2021-01-27通讯作者:温芳芳E-mail:wenff@mail.ccnu.edu.cn基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA331);国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(20FSHB003)“You were what you eat”: Food gender stereotypes and their impact on evaluation of impression
ZUO Bin, DAI Yuee, WEN Fangfang(), GAO Jia, XIE Zhijie, HE Saifei School of Psychology, Research Center of Social Psychology, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, China
Received:2019-09-18Online:2021-03-25Published:2021-01-27Contact:WEN Fangfang E-mail:wenff@mail.ccnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 食物在社会生活中发挥着重要作用, 具有性别文化意义。两个研究分别探索了外显与内隐食物性别刻板印象的存在及其对人物评价的影响。研究1采用提名法、自我报告法和语义启动范式检验外显和内隐食物性别刻板印象的存在, 结果表明被试均持“男性偏好男性化食物, 女性偏好女性化食物”的外显食物性别刻板印象, 女性被试持有内隐食物性别刻板印象。研究2采用情境实验法和内隐关系评估程序进一步测量被试对食物性别刻板不一致目标人物在热情和能力维度上的评价, 结果发现人们对食物性别刻板不一致男性在热情维度的内隐评价更加积极。
图/表 6
表1男性和女性偏好男性化食物和女性化食物程度的配对样本t检验
| 偏好类型 | M | SD | 95% CI | t | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男性食物偏好 | 1.88 | 1.48 | [1.69, 2.08] | 19.26*** | 1.81 |
| 女性食物偏好 | -2.24 | 1.50 | [-2.43, -2.05] | -22.71*** | 2.13 |
表1男性和女性偏好男性化食物和女性化食物程度的配对样本t检验
| 偏好类型 | M | SD | 95% CI | t | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男性食物偏好 | 1.88 | 1.48 | [1.69, 2.08] | 19.26*** | 1.81 |
| 女性食物偏好 | -2.24 | 1.50 | [-2.43, -2.05] | -22.71*** | 2.13 |
图1语义启动范式试次流程图
图1语义启动范式试次流程图
图2语义一致性与被试性别交互作用图
图2语义一致性与被试性别交互作用图表2刻板是否一致男性和女性在热情能力上评分的配对样本t检验
| 目标个体 | M | SD | 95% CI | t | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 刻板男性 | 0.20 | 0.81 | [0.09, 0.31] | 3.62*** | 0.22 |
| 刻板女性 | -0.51 | 0.85 | [-0.62, -0.39] | -8.58*** | 0.55 |
| 反刻板男性 | -0.57 | 0.89 | [-0.69, -0.44] | -9.16*** | 0.56 |
| 反刻板女性 | 0.16 | 0.85 | [0.04 0.27] | 2.67** | 0.17 |
表2刻板是否一致男性和女性在热情能力上评分的配对样本t检验
| 目标个体 | M | SD | 95% CI | t | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 刻板男性 | 0.20 | 0.81 | [0.09, 0.31] | 3.62*** | 0.22 |
| 刻板女性 | -0.51 | 0.85 | [-0.62, -0.39] | -8.58*** | 0.55 |
| 反刻板男性 | -0.57 | 0.89 | [-0.69, -0.44] | -9.16*** | 0.56 |
| 反刻板女性 | 0.16 | 0.85 | [0.04 0.27] | 2.67** | 0.17 |
图3热情和能力评价中的对象性别*刻板化交互作用图
图3热情和能力评价中的对象性别*刻板化交互作用图表3反应时差异的配对样本t检验
| 比较对象 | M | SD | t | 95% CI | p | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男性-能力 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -5.02 | 19.88 | -1.64 | [-11.22, 1.17] | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | 2.83 | 93.87 | 0.20 | [-26.42, 32.98] | 0.85 | 0.01 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | -5.63 | 21.36 | -1.71 | [-12.29, 1.02] | 0.10 | 0.02 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | 2.22 | 95.56 | 0.15 | [-27.56, 32.00] | 0.88 | 0.01 |
| 男性-热情 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -1.51 | 14.03 | -0.69 | [-5.94, 2.92] | 0.50 | 0.00 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | -6.70 | 19.39 | -2.21* | [-12.82, -0.59] | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | 1.65 | 19.61 | 0.54 | [-4.54, 7.83] | 0.59 | 0.00 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | -3.55 | 15.64 | -1.45 | [-8.49, 1.39] | 0.15 | 0.01 |
| 女性-能力 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -21.71 | 132.38 | -1.10 | [-61.48, 18.06] | 0.28 | 0.06 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | -0.12 | 13.59 | -0.06 | [-4.20, 3.97] | 0.95 | 0.00 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | -0.93 | 18.43 | -0.34 | [-6.47, 4.61] | 0.74 | 0.00 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | 20.66 | 133.67 | 1.04 | [-19.50, 60.82] | 0.31 | 0.06 |
| 女性-热情 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -3.65 | 24.27 | -1.02 | [-10.86, 3.56] | 0.31 | 0.01 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | 0.86 | 14.72 | 0.40 | [-3.51, 5.23] | 0.70 | 0.00 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | -0.68 | 21.07 | -0.22 | [-6.93, 5.58] | 0.83 | 0.00 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | 3.83 | 14.02 | 1.85 | [-0.34, 7.99] | 0.07 | 0.01 |
表3反应时差异的配对样本t检验
| 比较对象 | M | SD | t | 95% CI | p | Cohen's d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 男性-能力 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -5.02 | 19.88 | -1.64 | [-11.22, 1.17] | 0.11 | 0.01 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | 2.83 | 93.87 | 0.20 | [-26.42, 32.98] | 0.85 | 0.01 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | -5.63 | 21.36 | -1.71 | [-12.29, 1.02] | 0.10 | 0.02 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | 2.22 | 95.56 | 0.15 | [-27.56, 32.00] | 0.88 | 0.01 |
| 男性-热情 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -1.51 | 14.03 | -0.69 | [-5.94, 2.92] | 0.50 | 0.00 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | -6.70 | 19.39 | -2.21* | [-12.82, -0.59] | 0.03 | 0.02 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | 1.65 | 19.61 | 0.54 | [-4.54, 7.83] | 0.59 | 0.00 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | -3.55 | 15.64 | -1.45 | [-8.49, 1.39] | 0.15 | 0.01 |
| 女性-能力 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -21.71 | 132.38 | -1.10 | [-61.48, 18.06] | 0.28 | 0.06 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | -0.12 | 13.59 | -0.06 | [-4.20, 3.97] | 0.95 | 0.00 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | -0.93 | 18.43 | -0.34 | [-6.47, 4.61] | 0.74 | 0.00 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | 20.66 | 133.67 | 1.04 | [-19.50, 60.82] | 0.31 | 0.06 |
| 女性-热情 | ||||||
| 一致积极-消极 | -3.65 | 24.27 | -1.02 | [-10.86, 3.56] | 0.31 | 0.01 |
| 不一致积极-消极 | 0.86 | 14.72 | 0.40 | [-3.51, 5.23] | 0.70 | 0.00 |
| 一致积极-不一致积极 | -0.68 | 21.07 | -0.22 | [-6.93, 5.58] | 0.83 | 0.00 |
| 一致消极-不一致消极 | 3.83 | 14.02 | 1.85 | [-0.34, 7.99] | 0.07 | 0.01 |
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