) 1宁波大学心理学系暨研究所, 浙江 宁波 315211
2中国科学院行为科学重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所), 北京 100101
3中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049
收稿日期:2019-09-06出版日期:2021-01-25发布日期:2020-11-24通讯作者:汪祚军E-mail:wangzuojun@nbu.edu.cn基金资助:* 浙江省自然科学基金项目(LY17C090001)和宁波大学王宽诚基金资助Co-experiencing the same negative emotional events promotes cooperation
MIAO Xiaoyan1, SUN Xin1, KUANG Yi1,2,3, WANG Zuojun1() 1Department and Institute of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
2CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
3Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
Received:2019-09-06Online:2021-01-25Published:2020-11-24Contact:WANG Zuojun E-mail:wangzuojun@nbu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 4项实验探讨了共同经历相同负性情绪事件, 相比单独经历负性情绪事件, 是否以及如何促进了个体间的合作。实验1~3分别采用抽奖任务和瑞文推理测验任务操纵负性情绪事件, 采用公共物品博弈任务测量合作行为, 结果表明, 共同经历相同负性情绪事件, 相比单独经历负性情绪事件, 促进了个体间的合作行为。实验2通过测量归属需要、社会联结和内群体认同, 实验3通过操纵归属需要, 来考察共同经历相同负性情绪事件促进合作行为的潜在机制, 结果表明, 共同经历者之间的合作行为受归属需要的驱动, 而社会联结和内群体认同不足以对该现象进行解释。实验4通过操纵个体共同经历“相同”和“不同”的负性情绪事件, 进一步厘清了, 促进个体间的合作是由于“共同经历相同的负性情绪事件”而非“共同经历负性情绪”造成的。研究结果有利于解释小群体的形成, 对群体和社会管理亦具有借鉴意义。
图/表 6
图1不同经历类型和事件类型中被试的投资额(M±SE)
图1不同经历类型和事件类型中被试的投资额(M±SE)表1各变量描述性统计结果和变量间的相关
| 变量 | M | SD | 相关 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 经历类型 | 0.50 | 0.50 | — | ||||
| 归属需要 | 5.76 | 1.40 | 0.29* | — | |||
| 社会联结 | 5.67 | 1.94 | 0.20 | 0.49** | — | ||
| 内群体认同 | 5.89 | 1.74 | 0.15 | 0.40** | 0.61** | — | |
| 合作 | 58.06 | 19.88 | 0.32* | 0.46** | 0.42** | 0.31* | — |
表1各变量描述性统计结果和变量间的相关
| 变量 | M | SD | 相关 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |||
| 经历类型 | 0.50 | 0.50 | — | ||||
| 归属需要 | 5.76 | 1.40 | 0.29* | — | |||
| 社会联结 | 5.67 | 1.94 | 0.20 | 0.49** | — | ||
| 内群体认同 | 5.89 | 1.74 | 0.15 | 0.40** | 0.61** | — | |
| 合作 | 58.06 | 19.88 | 0.32* | 0.46** | 0.42** | 0.31* | — |
图2经历事件类型与合作行为之间关系的中介分析 注：**p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05
图2经历事件类型与合作行为之间关系的中介分析 注：**p ≤ 0.01; *p ≤ 0.05表2中介分析的Bootstrap法检验结果
| 间接效应 | 系数 | SE | BC 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 | 最大值 | |||
| 总体 | 2.56* | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.53 |
| 归属需要 | 0.16* | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.42 |
| 社会联结 | 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.33 |
| 内群体认同 | 0.18 | 0.87 | -0.05 | 0.14 |
表2中介分析的Bootstrap法检验结果
| 间接效应 | 系数 | SE | BC 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 | 最大值 | |||
| 总体 | 2.56* | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.53 |
| 归属需要 | 0.16* | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.42 |
| 社会联结 | 0.09 | 0.08 | -0.02 | 0.33 |
| 内群体认同 | 0.18 | 0.87 | -0.05 | 0.14 |
图3不同实验条件下个体的投资金额(M±SE)
图3不同实验条件下个体的投资金额(M±SE)
图4不同实验条件下个体的合作意愿(M±SE)
图4不同实验条件下个体的合作意愿(M±SE)参考文献 74
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