震后儿童创伤后应激障碍的症状网络演化

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梁一鸣, 郑昊, 刘正奎(

)

中国科学院心理研究所心理健康重点实验室, 北京 100101;中国科学院大学心理学系, 北京 100049

收稿日期:2020-02-29出版日期:2020-11-25发布日期:2020-09-22
通讯作者:刘正奎E-mail:liuzk@psych.ac.cn

基金资助:* 中国科学院科技扶贫项目(KFJ-FP-201906);中国科学院“率先行动”计划特色研究所项目(TSS-2015-06)

Changes in the network of posttraumatic stress disorder among children after the Wenchuan earthquake: A four-year longitudinal study

LIANG Yiming, ZHENG Hao, LIU Zhengkui(

)

CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2020-02-29Online:2020-11-25Published:2020-09-22
Contact:LIU Zhengkui E-mail:liuzk@psych.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究借助网络分析方法,探讨儿童创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状的演化规律。以经历汶川地震的197名儿童为研究对象,在灾后4、29、40和52个月对其PTSD症状进行了历时4年的追踪测量。网络分析结果显示,闪回的中心性一直较高,而其他高中心性的症状随时间的推移发生了变化：侵入性想法和创伤线索引发生理性反应的中心性随时间推移呈上升趋势,线索引发情感反应和未来无望的中心性随时间推移呈下降趋势。本研究拓宽了学界对儿童PTSD症状学的认识, 并为建立灾后阶段性干预模式提供启示。

图/表 9

图1追踪样本详细信息

图1追踪样本详细信息

表1被试人口学信息和创伤暴露情况

变量	频数 (百分比)
性别
男性	101 (51.27%)
女性	96 (48.73%)
年级
4年级	87 (44.16%)
6年级	110 (55.84%)
父亲受教育程度
小学及以下	79 (40.10%)
初中	68 (34.52%)
高中或中专	25 (12.69%)
大学/大专及以上	13 (6.60%)
母亲受教育程度
小学及以下	84 (42.64%)
初中	60 (30.46%)
高中或中专	26 (13.20%)
大学/大专及以上	11 (5.58%)
父母婚姻状况
原配	176 (89.34%)
离异	11 (5.58%)
再婚	5 (2.54%)
创伤暴露情况
被困	22 (11.17%)
受伤	57 (28.93%)
目睹房屋损毁	138 (70.05%)
目睹或接触尸体	104 (52.79%)
亲人去世	159 (80.71%)

表1被试人口学信息和创伤暴露情况

变量	频数 (百分比)
性别
男性	101 (51.27%)
女性	96 (48.73%)
年级
4年级	87 (44.16%)
6年级	110 (55.84%)
父亲受教育程度
小学及以下	79 (40.10%)
初中	68 (34.52%)
高中或中专	25 (12.69%)
大学/大专及以上	13 (6.60%)
母亲受教育程度
小学及以下	84 (42.64%)
初中	60 (30.46%)
高中或中专	26 (13.20%)
大学/大专及以上	11 (5.58%)
父母婚姻状况
原配	176 (89.34%)
离异	11 (5.58%)
再婚	5 (2.54%)
创伤暴露情况
被困	22 (11.17%)
受伤	57 (28.93%)
目睹房屋损毁	138 (70.05%)
目睹或接触尸体	104 (52.79%)
亲人去世	159 (80.71%)

图2四个时间上的PTSD症状网络注：相同颜色的节点属于DSM-IV中同一症状簇, 彩图见电子版。 B1 = 侵入性想法, B2 = 噩梦, B3 = 闪回, B4 = 线索引发情感反应, B5 = 线索引发生理反应, C1 = 回避想法, C2 = 回避外在线索, C3 = 失忆, C4 = 兴趣减退, C5 = 与他人疏离, C6a = 积极情感受限, C6b = 消极情感受限, C7 = 对未来无望, D1 = 睡眠问题, D2 = 烦躁/愤怒, D3 = 注意力问题, D4 = 高警觉, D5 = 惊跳反应过度。

图3PTSD在各时间点的强度中心性注：B1 = 侵入性想法, B2 = 噩梦, B3 = 闪回, B4 = 线索引发情感反应, B5 = 线索引发生理反应, C1 = 回避想法, C2 = 回避外在线索, C3 = 失忆, C4 = 兴趣减退, C5 = 与他人疏离, C6a = 积极情感受限, C6b = 消极情感受限, C7 = 对未来无望, D1 = 睡眠问题, D2 = 烦躁/愤怒, D3 = 注意力问题, D4 = 高警觉, D5 = 惊跳反应过度。

图4PTSD各网络的子集自举结果

图4PTSD各网络的子集自举结果

表2节点强度中心性的跨时间比较

症状	M (SD) ^a				Cohen's d ^b
症状	T1	T2	T3	T4	T1 vs. T2	T2 vs. T3	T3 vs. T4	T1 vs. T4
B1	0.91 (0.18)	1.21 (0.17)	1.14 (0.15)	1.16 (0.22)	-1.73	0.44	-0.11	-1.26
B2	0.99 (0.17)	1.05 (0.15)	0.86 (0.14)	1.13 (0.27)	-0.36	1.30	-1.25	-0.61
B3	1.04 (0.17)	1.12 (0.18)	1.37 (0.1)	1.26 (0.25)	-0.46	-1.70	0.58	-1.04
B4	0.97 (0.16)	0.88 (0.13)	1.01 (0.13)	0.98 (0.26)	0.66	-1.03	0.14	-0.05
B5	0.79 (0.14)	0.9 (0.13)	1.08 (0.12)	1.27 (0.28)	-0.75	-1.44	-0.89	-2.17
C1	0.76 (0.18)	0.7 (0.14)	0.72 (0.12)	0.87( 0.28)	0.35	-0.08	-0.71	-0.47
C2	0.72 (0.17)	1.00 (0.14)	1.04 (0.12)	1.24 (0.27)	-1.79	-0.31	-0.96	-2.29
C3	0.66 (0.18)	0.7 (0.17)	0.84 (0.18)	0.87 (0.27)	-0.24	-0.79	-0.11	-0.91
C4	0.96 (0.14)	1.09 (0.17)	1.03 (0.14)	1.25 (0.24)	-0.87	0.39	-1.12	-1.50
C5	1.01 (0.15)	1.18 (0.17)	1.15 (0.12)	1.11 (0.25)	-1.06	0.21	0.21	-0.49
C6a	0.73 (0.16)	1.01 (0.15)	0.96 (0.13)	1.24 (0.31)	-1.78	0.34	-1.18	-2.08
C6b	0.45 (0.15)	0.41 (0.18)	0.55 (0.16)	0.75 (0.27)	0.22	-0.83	-0.86	-1.34
C7	1.00 (0.19)	1.09 (0.17)	1.13 (0.12)	1.20 (0.38)	-0.50	-0.27	-0.25	-0.66
D1	0.82 (0.16)	0.87 (0.16)	0.96 (0.14)	1.02 (0.16)	-0.29	-0.61	-0.42	-1.24
D2	0.85 (0.17)	1.01 (0.14)	0.9 (0.14)	1.11 (0.28)	-1.05	0.76	-0.93	-1.13
D3	0.80 (0.16)	0.75 (0.18)	0.71 (0.13)	0.88 (0.19)	0.27	0.27	-1.05	-0.45
D4	0.72 (0.18)	0.86 (0.19)	0.82 (0.17)	1.12 (0.38)	-0.76	0.21	-1.01	-1.34
D5	0.92 (0.15)	0.83 (0.17)	0.93 (0.12)	0.87 (0.20)	0.55	-0.71	0.37	0.25

表2节点强度中心性的跨时间比较

症状	M (SD) ^a				Cohen's d ^b
症状	T1	T2	T3	T4	T1 vs. T2	T2 vs. T3	T3 vs. T4	T1 vs. T4
B1	0.91 (0.18)	1.21 (0.17)	1.14 (0.15)	1.16 (0.22)	-1.73	0.44	-0.11	-1.26
B2	0.99 (0.17)	1.05 (0.15)	0.86 (0.14)	1.13 (0.27)	-0.36	1.30	-1.25	-0.61
B3	1.04 (0.17)	1.12 (0.18)	1.37 (0.1)	1.26 (0.25)	-0.46	-1.70	0.58	-1.04
B4	0.97 (0.16)	0.88 (0.13)	1.01 (0.13)	0.98 (0.26)	0.66	-1.03	0.14	-0.05
B5	0.79 (0.14)	0.9 (0.13)	1.08 (0.12)	1.27 (0.28)	-0.75	-1.44	-0.89	-2.17
C1	0.76 (0.18)	0.7 (0.14)	0.72 (0.12)	0.87( 0.28)	0.35	-0.08	-0.71	-0.47
C2	0.72 (0.17)	1.00 (0.14)	1.04 (0.12)	1.24 (0.27)	-1.79	-0.31	-0.96	-2.29
C3	0.66 (0.18)	0.7 (0.17)	0.84 (0.18)	0.87 (0.27)	-0.24	-0.79	-0.11	-0.91
C4	0.96 (0.14)	1.09 (0.17)	1.03 (0.14)	1.25 (0.24)	-0.87	0.39	-1.12	-1.50
C5	1.01 (0.15)	1.18 (0.17)	1.15 (0.12)	1.11 (0.25)	-1.06	0.21	0.21	-0.49
C6a	0.73 (0.16)	1.01 (0.15)	0.96 (0.13)	1.24 (0.31)	-1.78	0.34	-1.18	-2.08
C6b	0.45 (0.15)	0.41 (0.18)	0.55 (0.16)	0.75 (0.27)	0.22	-0.83	-0.86	-1.34
C7	1.00 (0.19)	1.09 (0.17)	1.13 (0.12)	1.20 (0.38)	-0.50	-0.27	-0.25	-0.66
D1	0.82 (0.16)	0.87 (0.16)	0.96 (0.14)	1.02 (0.16)	-0.29	-0.61	-0.42	-1.24
D2	0.85 (0.17)	1.01 (0.14)	0.9 (0.14)	1.11 (0.28)	-1.05	0.76	-0.93	-1.13
D3	0.80 (0.16)	0.75 (0.18)	0.71 (0.13)	0.88 (0.19)	0.27	0.27	-1.05	-0.45
D4	0.72 (0.18)	0.86 (0.19)	0.82 (0.17)	1.12 (0.38)	-0.76	0.21	-1.01	-1.34
D5	0.92 (0.15)	0.83 (0.17)	0.93 (0.12)	0.87 (0.20)	0.55	-0.71	0.37	0.25

附图S1四次网络估计中接近度和中介性指标估计结果(a: 4个月, b: 29个月, c: 40个月, d: 52个月) 注：B1 = 侵入性想法, B2 = 噩梦, B3 = 闪回, B4 = 线索引发情感反应, B5 = 线索引发生理反应, C1 = 回避想法, C2 = 回避外在线索, C3 = 失忆, C4 = 兴趣减退, C5 = 与他人疏离, C6a = 积极情感受限, C6b = 消极情感受限, C7 = 对未来无望, D1 = 睡眠问题, D2 = 烦躁/愤怒, D3 = 注意力问题, D4 = 高警觉, D5 = 惊跳反应过度。

附图S2四次PTSD网络中边缘权重的自举置信区间(CI) (a: 4个月, b: 29个月, c: 40个月, d: 52个月) 注：红线表示边缘权重值, 灰色区域表示95% CI。

附图S3四次调查中PTSD症状网络的节点强度中心性差异测试 (a: 4个月, b: 29个月, c: 40个月, d: 52个月) 注：黑框表示两个节点间存在显著差异(α= 0.05)。 B1 = 侵入性想法, B2 = 噩梦, B3 = 闪回, B4 = 线索引发情感反应, B5 = 线索引发生理反应, C1 = 回避想法, C2 = 回避外在线索, C3 = 失忆, C4 = 兴趣减退, C5 = 与他人疏离, C6a = 积极情感受限, C6b = 消极情感受限, C7 = 对未来无望, D1 = 睡眠问题, D2 = 烦躁/愤怒, D3 = 注意力问题, D4 = 高警觉, D5 = 惊跳反应过度。

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