差距知觉的泛化效应：我和你之间的差距有多大?

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王天鸿, 陈宇琦, 陆静怡(

)

华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海 200062

收稿日期:2020-01-12出版日期:2020-11-25发布日期:2020-09-22
通讯作者:陆静怡E-mail:jylu@psy.ecnu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目(71771088);国家自然科学基金项目(71501073)

The generalization effect in gap evaluation: How large is the gap between you and me?

WANG Tianhong, CHEN Yuqi, LU Jingyi(

)

School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2020-01-12Online:2020-11-25Published:2020-09-22
Contact:LU Jingyi E-mail:jylu@psy.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当知晓自己和他人的表现,即自己与他人在某方面表现上的差距已经明确时,人们对自我-他人差异的知觉准确吗?本研究发现了差距知觉的泛化效应：人们将自身的绝对表现(自己的表现与零相比的结果)泛化到对自身相对表现(自己与他人相比的结果)的判断上。在7个研究中, 被试(N = 2766)得知自己的绝对表现和相对于他人的表现,并判断自己与他人之间的差距。结果显示,绝对获益时,人们在相对获益时感知到的自我-他人差距大于相对损失时;绝对损失时,人们在相对获益时感知到的自我-他人差距小于相对损失时;当泛化难以进行时,上述效应消失。研究揭示了差距知觉的泛化效应及其联结机制。

图/表 8

表1研究假设总结

相对表现	绝对表现
相对表现	绝对获益	绝对损失
相对获益	相对表现较好 “我比他(她)好很多” 较大的自我-他人差距	相对表现较差 “我比他(她)好不了多少” 较小的自我-他人差距
相对损失	相对表现较好 “我比他(她)差不了多少” 较小的自我-他人差距	相对表现较差 “我比他(她)差远了” 较大的自我-他人差距

表1研究假设总结

相对表现	绝对表现
相对表现	绝对获益	绝对损失
相对获益	相对表现较好 “我比他(她)好很多” 较大的自我-他人差距	相对表现较差 “我比他(她)好不了多少” 较小的自我-他人差距
相对损失	相对表现较好 “我比他(她)差不了多少” 较小的自我-他人差距	相对表现较差 “我比他(她)差远了” 较大的自我-他人差距

图1绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究1) 注：误差线代表标准误

图2绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究2a) 注：误差线代表标准误

图3绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究2b) 注：误差线代表标准误

图4绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究3a) 注：误差线代表标准误

图5绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究3b) 注：误差线代表标准误

图6绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究4) 注：误差线代表标准误

图7绝对表现和相对表现对感知到的自我-他人差距的影响(研究5) 注：误差线代表标准误

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