论皮亚杰的方法论及其当代意义

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蒋柯¹, 李其维²(

)

¹温州医科大学精神医学学院, 浙江温州 325035
²华东师范大学心理与认知科学学院, 上海 200062

收稿日期:2020-03-02出版日期:2020-08-25发布日期:2020-06-28
通讯作者:李其维E-mail:qwli@psy.ecnu.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家社会科学基金一般项目:健康中国背景下社区心理学的智慧模式研究(18BSH120)

On Piaget's epistemological methodology and its contemporary significance

JIANG Ke¹, LI Qiwei²(

)

¹School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
²College of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East Chine Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China

Received:2020-03-02Online:2020-08-25Published:2020-06-28
Contact:LI Qiwei E-mail:qwli@psy.ecnu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 皮亚杰从生物学的适应性和平衡化概念出发, 论证了有机体和外部环境之间的双向互动关系, 进一步通过认知过程与生物学过程的“同构”, 建立了一种结构论的发生认识论。发生认识论的主要论题包括:主客体相互作用论、认知结构的建构论, 以及心理逻辑论等。皮亚杰的理论建构方法有两个重要特征:第一, 皮亚杰强调功能相对于结构的逻辑先在意义。功能是有机体对环境的适应与平衡化。因此, 皮亚杰的方法论是一种功能论。第二, 皮亚杰方法论的思想基础是辩证法。皮亚杰的发生认识论一方面批判唯理论, 另一方面批判经验论, 最终形成了一套独特的认识论体系。皮亚杰的发生认识论对当今心理学和心灵哲学研究中诸多“难问题”, 诸如“他心问题”、“归纳问题”等, 可能提供了元理论层面和方法层面的引领和启发。

图/表 2

图1有机体与外部环境之间的互动建构过程

图2认知结构与客体世界之间的互动建构过程

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