提问类型对自传体记忆概括化的影响

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宫火良, 杨迪(

), 张方屹

河南大学教育科学学院心理与行为研究所, 开封 475004

收稿日期:2018-10-19出版日期:2019-12-25发布日期:2019-10-21
通讯作者:杨迪E-mail:yangdi0917@163.com

The influence of questioning type on the generalization of autobiographical memory

GONG Huoliang, YANG Di(

), ZHANG Fangyi

Institute of Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China

Received:2018-10-19Online:2019-12-25Published:2019-10-21
Contact:YANG Di E-mail:yangdi0917@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 自传体记忆概括化程度较高是抑郁症产生与发展的重要影响因素, 探究降低自传体记忆概括化程度的方法以缓解抑郁症状、降低抑郁复发率是心理咨询与治疗中的一个重要研究课题。基于此, 本研究选取344名初中生进行实验, 实验1对比了问题状态组与正常状态组被试的自传体记忆概括化程度, 结果发现, 问题状态组被试的正性、负性自传体记忆得分均显著低于正常组, 两组在中性自传体记忆得分上差异不显著; 实验2对比了问题取向提问和解决取向提问对问题状态下人们自传体记忆概括化程度的影响, 结果发现, 解决取向提问组被试无论是在正性、负性自传体记忆得分上还是在中性自传体记忆得分上均显著高于问题取向提问组和控制组, 问题取向提问组和控制组在各类自传体记忆得分上差异均不显著; 实验3进一步考察了解决取向提问对问题状态下不同归因风格者自传体记忆概括化程度的影响, 结果发现, 内归因组被试的正性、负性自传体记忆得分均显著高于外归因组, 在中性自传体记忆得分上, 两组被试间差异不显著。结论:与抑郁症等精神障碍患者类似, 遭受一般心理困扰个体的自传体记忆概括化程度也较高; 相比问题取向提问, 解决取向提问能较好地降低一般心理困扰者的自传体记忆概括化程度; 对于一般心理困扰者而言, 解决取向提问对内归因者自传体记忆概括化程度改善效果优于外归因者。综上, 解决取向提问可以作为心理咨询师或治疗师降低个案自传体记忆概括化程度的一种有益尝试。

图/表 7

图1Ask-Tell模型

图1Ask-Tell模型

表1两组被试的自传体记忆测试得分(M ± SD)

记忆测试	问题状态组(n = 30)	正常组(n = 30)
正性线索词	0.53 ± 0.57	1.12 ± 0.70
负性线索词	0.47 ± 0.57	0.98 ± 0.74
中性线索词	0.43 ± 0.50	0.50 ± 0.63

表1两组被试的自传体记忆测试得分(M ± SD)

记忆测试	问题状态组(n = 30)	正常组(n = 30)
正性线索词	0.53 ± 0.57	1.12 ± 0.70
负性线索词	0.47 ± 0.57	0.98 ± 0.74
中性线索词	0.43 ± 0.50	0.50 ± 0.63

图2实验1组别和线索词的交互作用图

图2实验1组别和线索词的交互作用图

表2不同提问类型的自传体记忆测试得分(M ± SD)

记忆测试	SF组(n = 28)	PF组(n = 28)	控制组(n = 28)
正性线索词	1.54 ± 0.64	0.50 ± 0.64	0.54 ± 0.58
负性线索词	1.40 ± 0.69	0.39 ± 0.50	0.46 ± 0.58
中性线索词	0.89 ± 0.69	0.54 ± 0.69	0.46 ± 0.51

表2不同提问类型的自传体记忆测试得分(M ± SD)

记忆测试	SF组(n = 28)	PF组(n = 28)	控制组(n = 28)
正性线索词	1.54 ± 0.64	0.50 ± 0.64	0.54 ± 0.58
负性线索词	1.40 ± 0.69	0.39 ± 0.50	0.46 ± 0.58
中性线索词	0.89 ± 0.69	0.54 ± 0.69	0.46 ± 0.51

图3实验2组别和线索词的交互作用图

图3实验2组别和线索词的交互作用图

表3不同归因风格组自传体记忆测试得分(M ± SD)

记忆测试	内归因组(n = 25)	外归因组(n = 25)
正性线索词	1.40 ± 0.65	1.04 ± 0.61
负性线索词	1.44 ± 0.58	0.56 ± 0.58
中性线索词	0.76 ± 0.66	0.60 ± 0.71

表3不同归因风格组自传体记忆测试得分(M ± SD)

记忆测试	内归因组(n = 25)	外归因组(n = 25)
正性线索词	1.40 ± 0.65	1.04 ± 0.61
负性线索词	1.44 ± 0.58	0.56 ± 0.58
中性线索词	0.76 ± 0.66	0.60 ± 0.71

图4实验3组别和线索词的交互作用图

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