预期对路径整合的影响

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张为威, 黄建平, 宛小昂(

)

清华大学心理学系, 北京 100084

收稿日期:2019-02-25出版日期:2019-11-25发布日期:2019-09-24
通讯作者:宛小昂E-mail:wanxa@tsinghua.edu.cn

基金资助:* 国家自然科学基金项目资助(31200758)

Influence of expectations on human path integration

ZHANG Weiwei, HUANG Jianping, WAN Xiaoang(

)

Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2019-02-25Online:2019-11-25Published:2019-09-24
Contact:WAN Xiaoang E-mail:wanxa@tsinghua.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 人们通过整合自身运动信息进行的空间巡航称为路径整合。本研究采用头盔式虚拟现实和分段式虚拟迷宫, 探究个体的预期如何影响其路径整合的准确性。任务要求被试从包含4个或8个路段的外出路径的起点出发, 行经所有路段后到达外出路径的终点, 再从终点直接返回起点。三组被试在实验前接受不同的指导语, 并因此对正确返航距离产生不同的预期。实验结果表明, 个体返回起点的行为反应受到外出路径特点的影响, 而且反应的准确性在实际情形违背预期时比符合预期时更低。这样的研究结果表明, 预期作为一种非感知觉因素而影响人们进行路径整合, 体现了人类路径整合的高度适应性和策略性。

图/表 6

图1外出路径的平面俯瞰图示例。H代表外出路径的起点, E4和E8分别代表包含4个和8个路段的外出路径的终点, 而这两个外出路径的正确返航距离是相同的, 即C4 = C8。

图2虚拟场景与路径完成任务流程示意图。(A)试次开始时被试面向第一个路段; (B)被试到达第一个路段的末端并按照提示箭头向左旋转; (C)被试行经所有路段后到达外出路径的终点, 此时迷宫墙纸改变颜色; (D)被试做出方向反应后, 一条长走廊出现在其所选方向供被试做出距离反应。

图3不同路段个数和正确返航距离的外出路径的平均位置误差和反应时

图4正相关信念组和负相关信念组在符合和违背预期条件下的平均位置误差和反应时

图5不同路段个数和正确返航距离的外出路径的平均符号距离误差和符号角度误差。

图6正相关信念组和负相关信念组在符合和违背预期条件下的平均符号距离误差和符号角度误差

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