) (清华大学心理学系, 北京 100084)(清华大学深圳研究生院, 深圳 518055)
收稿日期:2018-10-23出版日期:2019-07-25发布日期:2019-05-22通讯作者:李虹E-mail:lhong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn基金资助:* 深圳市科技创新基金项目(JCYJ20170817161546744)How state anxiety influences time perception: Moderated mediating effect of cognitive appraisal and attentional bias
LIU Jingyuan, LI Hong() (Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)(Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China)
Received:2018-10-23Online:2019-07-25Published:2019-05-22Contact:LI Hong E-mail:lhong@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 探讨状态焦虑对时距知觉的影响以及注意偏向与认知评价在其中的中介和调节作用。招募大学生60人, 随机分为高、低状态焦虑组, 用情绪诱导程序诱导高、低状态焦虑; 用点探测范式测量注意偏向; 用时间再现任务测量时距知觉; 用视觉模拟心境量表测量认知评价。结果发现：(1)状态焦虑会导致对2000 ms时距的高估; (2)注意偏向在状态焦虑对2000 ms时距知觉的影响中具有部分中介作用; (3)状态焦虑通过注意偏向影响时距知觉的中介过程受到认知评价的调节作用：只有当认知评价得分较高时, 即个体认为焦虑对心理健康有害程度较高时, 状态焦虑通过注意偏向影响2000 ms时距知觉。研究结果揭示了焦虑个体时距知觉的内部过程, 丰富了焦虑通过注意偏向影响时距知觉的解释视角, 为通过认知评价和注意偏向的调整改善焦虑个体时距偏差现象提供了重要参考。
图/表 10
图1注意闸门模型(Zakay & Block, 1997)
图1注意闸门模型(Zakay & Block, 1997)
图2状态焦虑对时距知觉的影响：认知评价和注意偏向有调节的中介模型
图2状态焦虑对时距知觉的影响：认知评价和注意偏向有调节的中介模型表1点探测范式中所用图片的效价、唤醒度与熟悉度评分[M (SD)]
| 评分项目 | 负性低唤醒图片 | 中性低唤醒图片 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IAPS效价 | 2.99 (0.57) | 5.15 (0.75) | -8.93 | < 0.001 | 2.23 |
| 中国被试效价 | 2.78 (0.49) | 5.03 (0.79) | -10.73 | < 0.001 | 2.68 |
| IAPS唤醒度 | 4.80 (0.51) | 4.72 (0.49) | 0.40 | 0.698 | 0.10 |
| 中国被试唤醒度 | 5.31 (0.74) | 5.15 (0.61) | 1.31 | 0.210 | 0.33 |
| 中国被试熟悉度 | 3.93 (0.78) | 4.06 (1.13) | -0.38 | 0.708 | 0.10 |
表1点探测范式中所用图片的效价、唤醒度与熟悉度评分[M (SD)]
| 评分项目 | 负性低唤醒图片 | 中性低唤醒图片 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IAPS效价 | 2.99 (0.57) | 5.15 (0.75) | -8.93 | < 0.001 | 2.23 |
| 中国被试效价 | 2.78 (0.49) | 5.03 (0.79) | -10.73 | < 0.001 | 2.68 |
| IAPS唤醒度 | 4.80 (0.51) | 4.72 (0.49) | 0.40 | 0.698 | 0.10 |
| 中国被试唤醒度 | 5.31 (0.74) | 5.15 (0.61) | 1.31 | 0.210 | 0.33 |
| 中国被试熟悉度 | 3.93 (0.78) | 4.06 (1.13) | -0.38 | 0.708 | 0.10 |
表2时间再现任务中所用图片的效价、唤醒度与熟悉度评分[M (SD)]
| 评分项目 | 负性低唤醒图片 | 中性低唤醒图片 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IAPS效价 | 2.77 (0.66) | 5.15 (0.06) | -10.16 | < 0.001 | 5.08 |
| 中国被试效价 | 2.94 (0.58) | 4.91 (0.99) | -4.86 | < 0.001 | 2.43 |
| IAPS唤醒度 | 4.12 (0.32) | 3.90 (0.50) | 1.08 | 0.298 | 0.54 |
| 中国被试唤醒度 | 5.28 (0.37) | 5.07 (0.94) | 0.59 | 0.564 | 0.30 |
| 中国被试熟悉度 | 4.17 (1.03) | 4.39 (1.18) | -0.39 | 0.704 | 0.19 |
表2时间再现任务中所用图片的效价、唤醒度与熟悉度评分[M (SD)]
| 评分项目 | 负性低唤醒图片 | 中性低唤醒图片 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IAPS效价 | 2.77 (0.66) | 5.15 (0.06) | -10.16 | < 0.001 | 5.08 |
| 中国被试效价 | 2.94 (0.58) | 4.91 (0.99) | -4.86 | < 0.001 | 2.43 |
| IAPS唤醒度 | 4.12 (0.32) | 3.90 (0.50) | 1.08 | 0.298 | 0.54 |
| 中国被试唤醒度 | 5.28 (0.37) | 5.07 (0.94) | 0.59 | 0.564 | 0.30 |
| 中国被试熟悉度 | 4.17 (1.03) | 4.39 (1.18) | -0.39 | 0.704 | 0.19 |
图3点探测范式流程图
图3点探测范式流程图表3高状态焦虑和低状态焦虑的诱导情况[M (SD)]
| 状态焦虑测量 | 高状态焦虑组 | 低状态焦虑组 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测 | 40.83 (30.42) | 38.23 (29.33) | 0.34 | 0.737 | 0.09 |
| 后测 | 66.97 (25.87) | 21.87 (23.41) | 7.08 | < 0.001 | 1.83 |
表3高状态焦虑和低状态焦虑的诱导情况[M (SD)]
| 状态焦虑测量 | 高状态焦虑组 | 低状态焦虑组 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 前测 | 40.83 (30.42) | 38.23 (29.33) | 0.34 | 0.737 | 0.09 |
| 后测 | 66.97 (25.87) | 21.87 (23.41) | 7.08 | < 0.001 | 1.83 |
表4高状态焦虑组和低状态焦虑组的注意偏向情况[M (SD)]
| 注意偏向情况 | 高状态焦虑组 | 低状态焦虑组 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 探测点异侧反应时 | 423.29 (65.13) | 410.66 (56.16) | 0.80 | 0.424 | 0.21 |
| 探测点同侧反应时 | 416.39 (69.89) | 413.24 (62.48) | 0.18 | 0.855 | 0.05 |
| 注意偏向得分 | 1.020 (0.035) | 0.996 (0.037) | 2.46 | 0.017 | 0.64 |
表4高状态焦虑组和低状态焦虑组的注意偏向情况[M (SD)]
| 注意偏向情况 | 高状态焦虑组 | 低状态焦虑组 | t | p | d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 探测点异侧反应时 | 423.29 (65.13) | 410.66 (56.16) | 0.80 | 0.424 | 0.21 |
| 探测点同侧反应时 | 416.39 (69.89) | 413.24 (62.48) | 0.18 | 0.855 | 0.05 |
| 注意偏向得分 | 1.020 (0.035) | 0.996 (0.037) | 2.46 | 0.017 | 0.64 |
图4状态焦虑对时距知觉的影响 注：图中误差线均按标准误标注。
图4状态焦虑对时距知觉的影响 注：图中误差线均按标准误标注。表5组别对时距知觉的影响中认知评价的调节作用分析
| 指标 | coeff | SE | t | p | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 常数 | 0.9729 | 0.0272 | 35.8088 | < 0.001 | [0.9184, 1.0273] |
| 组别 | 0.0510 | 0.0368 | 1.3838 | 0.1720 | [-0.0228, 0.1248] |
| 认知评价 | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 1.7503 | 0.0856 | [-0.0001, 0.0012] |
| 交互作用 | -0.0009 | 0.0004 | -2.0352 | 0.0467 | [-0.0018, 0.0000] |
表5组别对时距知觉的影响中认知评价的调节作用分析
| 指标 | coeff | SE | t | p | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 常数 | 0.9729 | 0.0272 | 35.8088 | < 0.001 | [0.9184, 1.0273] |
| 组别 | 0.0510 | 0.0368 | 1.3838 | 0.1720 | [-0.0228, 0.1248] |
| 认知评价 | 0.0006 | 0.0003 | 1.7503 | 0.0856 | [-0.0001, 0.0012] |
| 交互作用 | -0.0009 | 0.0004 | -2.0352 | 0.0467 | [-0.0018, 0.0000] |
表6认知评价对状态焦虑通过注意偏向影响时距知觉的调节效应
| 中介变量 | 认知评价 | Effect | SE | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注意偏向 | M -1 SD | 58.95 | 0.0023 | 0.0100 | [-0.0143, 0.0289] |
| 注意偏向 | M | 80.03 | 0.0206 | 0.0127 | [0.0015, 0.0561] |
| 注意偏向 | M + 1 SD | 100.00 | 0.0379 | 0.0219 | [0.0013, 0.0917] |
表6认知评价对状态焦虑通过注意偏向影响时距知觉的调节效应
| 中介变量 | 认知评价 | Effect | SE | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注意偏向 | M -1 SD | 58.95 | 0.0023 | 0.0100 | [-0.0143, 0.0289] |
| 注意偏向 | M | 80.03 | 0.0206 | 0.0127 | [0.0015, 0.0561] |
| 注意偏向 | M + 1 SD | 100.00 | 0.0379 | 0.0219 | [0.0013, 0.0917] |
参考文献 55
| [1] | Bar-Haim Y., Kerem A., Lamy D., & Zakay D . (2010). When time slows down: The influence of threat on time perception in anxiety. Cognition & Emotion, 24( 2), 255-263. |
| [2] | Bar-Haim Y., Lamy D., Pergamin L., Bakermans-Kranenburg M. J & van IJzendoorn, M. H. ., ( 2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133( 1), 1-24. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.1URL |
| [3] | Block R.A., & Zakay D. , (1997). Prospective and retrospective duration judgments: A meta-analytic review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 4( 2), 184-197. |
| [4] | Burle B. & Casini L. ,(2001). Dissociation between activation and attention effects in time estimation: Implications for internal clock models. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance, 27( 1), 195-205. |
| [5] | Chaston A. & Kingstone A. , ( 2004). Time estimation: The effect of cortically mediated attention. Brain & Cognition, 55( 2), 286-289. |
| [6] | Cohen J. ,(1992). Statistical power analysis. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 1( 3), 98-101. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep10768783URL |
| [7] | Droit-Volet S., Brunot S., & Niedenthal P. M . ( 2004). Perception of the duration of emotional events. Cognition & Emotion, 18( 6), 849-858. |
| [8] | Effron D. A., Niedenthal P. M., Gil S., & Droit-Volet S . (2006). Embodied temporal perception of emotion. Emotion, 6( 1), 1-9. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.1.1URL |
| [9] | Eisler H. , ( 1976). Experiments on subjective duration 1968-1975: A collection of power function exponents. Psychological Bulletin, 83( 6), 1154-1171. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.83.6.1154URL |
| [10] | Eysenck M. W. (1992). Anxiety: The cognitive perspective. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. |
| [11] | Eysenck M. W. (1997). Anxiety and cognition: A unified theory. Hove, UK: Psychology Press. |
| [12] | Faul F., Erdfelder E., Lang A.-G., & Buchner A . ( 2007). G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39( 2), 175-191. doi: 10.3758/BF03193146URL |
| [13] | Folkman S., Lazarus R. S., Dunkel-Schetter C., Delongis A., & Gruen R. J . ( 1986). Dynamics of a stressful encounter: Cognitive appraisal, coping, and encounter outcomes. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 50( 5), 992-1003. |
| [14] | Folkman S., Lazarus R. S., Gruen R. J., & Delongis A . ( 1986). Appraisal, coping, health status, and psychological symptoms. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 50( 3), 571-579. |
| [15] | Fox E., Russo R., Bowles R., & Dutton K . ( 2001). Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 130( 4), 681-700. doi: 10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.681URL |
| [16] | Fraisse P. , (1984). Perception and estimation of time. Annual Review of Psychology, 35, 1-36. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ps.35.020184.000245URL |
| [17] | Gable P.A., & Poole B.D . ( 2012). Time flies when you're having approach-motivated fun: Effects of motivational intensity on time perception. Psychological Science, 23( 8), 879-886. doi: 10.1177/0956797611435817URL |
| [18] | Georgiou G. A., Bleakley C., Hayward J., Russo R., Dutton K., Eltiti S., & Fox E . ( 2005). Focusing on fear: Attentional disengagement from emotional faces. Visual Cognition, 12( 1), 145-158. doi: 10.1080/13506280444000076URL |
| [19] | Gil S., Niedenthal P. M., & Droit-Volet S . ( 2007). Anger and time perception in children. Emotion, 7( 1), 219-225. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.7.1.219URL |
| [20] | Grondin S. , (2010). Timing and time perception: A review of recent behavioral and neuroscience findings and theoretical directions. Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 72( 3), 561-582. |
| [21] | Hajcak G., Moser J. S., & Simons R. F . ( 2006). Attending to affect: Appraisal strategies modulate the electrocortical response to arousing pictures. Emotion, 6( 3), 517-522. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.6.3.517URL |
| [22] | Hayes, A.F . ( 2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Journal of Educational Measurement, 51( 3), 335-337. |
| [23] | Hoehn-Saric R., & Mcleod D.R . (2000). Anxiety and arousal: physiological changes and their perception. Journal of Affective Disorders, 61( 3), 217-224. doi: 10.1016/S0165-0327(00)00339-6URL |
| [24] | Huang S., Liu P. D., Li Q. Q., Chen Y. G., & Huang X. T . ( 2018). The influence of facial expressions of pain on subsecond and suprasecond time perception. Journal of Psychological Science, ( 2), 278-284. |
| [ 黄顺航, 刘培朵, 李庆庆, 陈有国, 黄希庭 . ( 2018). 疼痛表情对秒下及秒上时距知觉的影响. 心理科学, ( 2), 278-284.] | |
| [25] | Huang X. T., Li B. Y., & Zhang Z. J . ( 2003). The research of the range-synthetic model of temporal cognition. Journal of Southwest University (Social Sciences Edition), 29( 2), 5-9. |
| [ 黄希庭, 李伯约, 张志杰 . ( 2003). 时间认知分段综合模型的探讨. 西南大学学报(社会科学版), 29( 2), 5-9.] | |
| [26] | Jamieson J. P., Nock M. K., & Mendes W. B . ( 2012). Mind over matter: reappraising arousal improves cardiovascular and cognitive responses to stress. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 141( 3), 417-422. doi: 10.1037/a0025719URL |
| [27] | Karademas E. C., Christopoulou S., Dimostheni A., & Pavlu F . ( 2008). Health anxiety and cognitive interference: Evidence from the application of a modified Stroop task in two studies. Personality and Individual Differences, 44( 5), 1138-1150. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.007URL |
| [28] | Kim S. A., Kim H., & Kim S. H . ( 2016). Reappraisal modulates attentional bias to angry faces. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1841. |
| [29] | Koster E. H. W., Leyman L., Raedt R. D., & Crombez G . ( 2006). Cueing of visual attention by emotional facial expressions: The influence of individual differences in anxiety and depression. Personality & Individual Differences, 41( 2), 329-339. |
| [30] | Lang P. J., Bradley M. M., & Cuthbert B. N . ( 2005). International affective picture system (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Technical Report A-6. Gainesville, FL: University of Florida. |
| [31] | Lozano L. M., Garcíacueto E., & Muñiz J . ( 2008). Effect of the number of response categories on the reliability and validity of rating scales. Methodology, 4( 2), 73-79. doi: 10.1027/1614-2241.4.2.73URL |
| [32] | Lueck M.D . ( 2007). Anxiety levels: Do they influence the perception of time? Journal of Undergraduate Research, 10, 1-5. |
| [33] | Lv C., Niu Q.Y., & Zhang X.M . ( 2014). Attentional bias to negative stimulus in anxiety individuals. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 28( 3), 208-214. |
| [ 吕创, 牛青云, 张学民 . ( 2014). 焦虑个体对负性刺激的注意偏向特点. 中国心理卫生杂志, 28( 3), 208-214.] | |
| [34] | Maeers S. , (2010). Task switching and subjective duration. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 63( 3), 531-543. doi: 10.1080/17470210903024768URL |
| [35] | Mccormack H. M., Horne D. J. D., & Sheather S . ( 1988). Clinical applications of visual analog scales: A critical review. Psychological Medicine, 18( 4), 1007-1019. doi: 10.1017/S0033291700009934URL |
| [36] | Mioni G., Stablum F., Prunetti E., & Grondin S . ( 2016). Time perception in anxious and depressed patients: A comparison between time reproduction and time production tasks. Journal of Affective Disorders, 196, 154-163. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.047URL |
| [37] | Mogg K., Wilson K. A., Hayward C., Cunning D., & Bradley B. P . ( 2012). Attentional biases for threat in at-risk daughters and mothers with lifetime panic disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 121( 4), 852-862. doi: 10.1037/a0028052URL |
| [38] | Montorio I., Nuevo R., Cabrera I., Márquez M., & Izal M . ( 2015). Differential effectiveness of two anxiety induction proceduresin youth and older adult populations. Anales De Psicología, 31( 1), 28-36. |
| [39] | Smith C.A . ( 1989). Dimensions of appraisal and physiological response in emotion. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 56( 3), 339-353. |
| [40] | Spielberger C.D . ( 1971). Notes and comments trait-state anxiety and motor behavior. Journal of Motor Behavior, 3( 3), 265-279. doi: 10.1080/00222895.1971.10734907URL |
| [41] | Tamm M., Uusberg A., Allik J., & Kreegipuu K . ( 2014). Emotional modulation of attention affects time perception: Evidence from event-related potentials. Acta Psychologica, 149, 148-156. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.02.008URL |
| [42] | Tomaka J., Blascovich J., Kelsey R. M., & Leitten C. L . ( 1993). Subjective, physiological, and behavioral effects of threat and challenge appraisal. Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 65( 2), 248-260. |
| [43] | Tse P. U., Intriligator J., Rivest J., & Cavanagh P . ( 2004). Attention and the subjective expansion of time. Percept Psychophys, 66( 7), 1171-1189. doi: 10.3758/BF03196844URL |
| [44] | Uusberg A., Naar R., Tamm M., Kreegipuu K., & Gross J. J . ( 2018). Bending time: The role of affective appraisal in time perception. Emotion, 18( 8), 1177-1188. |
| [45] | van Bockstaele B., Verschuere B., Tibboel H., de Houwer J., Crombez G & Koster, E. H. W. ., ( 2014). A review of current evidence for the causal impact of attentional bias on fear and anxiety. Psychological Bulletin, 140( 3), 682-721. doi: 10.1037/a0034834URL |
| [46] | van Reekum C. M., Johnstone T., Urry H. L., Thurow M. E., Schaefer H. S., Alexander A. L., & Davidson R. J . ( 2007). Gaze fixations predict brain activation during the voluntary regulation of picture-induced negative affect. Neuroimage, 36( 3), 1041-1055. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.052URL |
| [47] | Wang Y.M., & Mao R.J . ( 2016). The influence of cognitive reappraisal on attentional deployment. Psychological Exploration, 36( 5), 409-412. |
| [ 王艳梅, 毛锐杰 . ( 2016). 认知重评策略对注意分配的影响. 心理学探新, 36( 5), 409-412.] | |
| [48] | Whyman A.D., & Moos R. . ( 1967). Time perception and anxiety. Perceptual & Motor Skills, 24( 2), 567-570. |
| [49] | Yoo J.Y., & Lee J.H . ( 2015). The effects of valence and arousal on time perception in individuals with social anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1208. |
| [50] | Zakay D. ,( 1993). Relative and absolute duration judgments under prospective and retrospective paradigms. Perception & Psychophysics, 54( 5), 656-664. |
| [51] | Zakay D. , ( 2005). Attention et jugement temporel. Psychologie Francaise, 50( 1), 65-79. doi: 10.1016/j.psfr.2004.10.004URL |
| [52] | Zakay D., & Block R.A . ( 1997). Temporal Cognition. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 6( 1), 12-16. doi: 10.1111/1467-8721.ep11512604URL |
| [53] | Zakay D., & Block R.A . ( 2004). Prospective and retrospective duration judgments: An executive-control perspective. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 64( 3), 319-328. |
| [54] | Zakay D., Nitzan D., & Glicksohn J . ( 1983). The influence of task difficulty and external tempo on subjective time estimation. Perception & Psychophysics, 34( 5), 451-456. |
| [55] | Zhao X., Lynch J. G., & Chen Q . ( 2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37( 2), 197-206. doi: 10.1086/651257URL |
相关文章 15
| [1] | 侯娟, 朱英格, 方晓义. 手机成瘾与抑郁：社交焦虑和负性情绪信息注意偏向的多重中介作用[J]. 心理学报, 2021, 53(4): 362-373. |
| [2] | 华艳, 李明霞, 王巧婷, 冯彩霞, 张晶. 左侧眶额皮层在自动情绪调节下注意选择中的作用：来自经颅直流电刺激的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(9): 1048-1056. |
| [3] | 雷怡, 夏琦, 莫志凤, 李红. 面孔可爱度和客观熟悉度对婴儿面孔注意偏向效应的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(7): 811-822. |
| [4] | 吕薇. 回避与趋近性负性人格特质对应激心血管反应模式的不同影响[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(6): 758-776. |
| [5] | 任志洪, 赵子仪, 余香莲, 赵春晓, 张琳, 林羽中, 张微. 睾酮素与反社会倾向未成年犯的攻击行为：敌意注意偏向的中介和皮质醇的调节作用[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(11): 1288-1300. |
| [6] | 王盼盼, 何嘉梅. 情景预见对跨期决策的影响机制[J]. 心理学报, 2020, 52(1): 38-54. |
| [7] | 袁小钧, 崔晓霞, 曹正操, 阚红, 王晓, 汪亚珉. 虚拟仿真场景中威胁性视觉刺激搜索的注意偏向效应 *[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(6): 622-636. |
| [8] | 胡金生, 李骋诗, 王琦, 李松泽, 李涛涛, 刘淑清. 孤独症青少年的情绪韵律注意偏向缺陷：低效率的知觉模式*[J]. 心理学报, 2018, 50(6): 637-646. |
| [9] | 孙俊才; 石荣. 哭泣表情面孔的注意偏向：眼动的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2017, 49(2): 155-163. |
| [10] | 徐亮;区诵宜;郑希付;陈婷;冯彪;闫沛. 状态焦虑对条件性恐惧泛化的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2016, 48(12): 1507-1518. |
| [11] | 闫志英;卢家楣. 情境真实性对悲伤移情调节的ERP证据[J]. 心理学报, 2015, 47(8): 971-980. |
| [12] | 寇慧;苏艳华;罗小春;陈红. 相貌负面身体自我女性对相貌词的注意偏向眼动的证据[J]. 心理学报, 2015, 47(10): 1213-1222. |
| [13] | 张予贺;金艳;郑希付;闫柯;周晌昀. 状态焦虑对条件恐惧习得和消退的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(3): 396-404. |
| [14] | 丁如一;周晖;林玛. 感激情绪的认知评估体系[J]. 心理学报, 2014, 46(10): 1463-1475. |
| [15] | 李宝林;陈有国;袁祥勇;Todd Jackson;黄希庭. 拓扑性质对视觉新异刺激时距知觉的影响[J]. 心理学报, 2013, 45(12): 1324-1333. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlxb/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=4470
