) 上海师范大学教育学院, 上海 200234
收稿日期:2020-06-06出版日期:2021-05-15发布日期:2021-03-30通讯作者:周晓璐E-mail:zhouxiaolu@shnu.edu.cnThe linguistic patterns of depressed patients
HUANG Guanlan, ZHOU Xiaolu() College of Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
Received:2020-06-06Online:2021-05-15Published:2021-03-30Contact:ZHOU Xiaolu E-mail:zhouxiaolu@shnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 语言使用模式能反映心理状态和精神病理学特征。抑郁症患者与健康人群的语言使用模式存在差异, 识别抑郁症患者的语言使用模式有助于抑郁症的预测和诊断。传统的心理学研究和基于社交媒体的研究均表明, 抑郁症患者更多地使用第一人称单数代词和消极情绪词, 更少地使用第一人称复数代词和积极情绪词。基于社交媒体的研究进一步发现了一些抑郁个体日常生活中的其他语言标志。建议未来的研究进一步确认更具抑郁特异性的语言标志, 并进一步探索语言标志与抑郁症状间的理论联系。
图/表 2
表1抑郁症用户发布的个人帖子样例
| 1. “Are you okay?” Yes…. I understand that I am upset and hopeless and nothing can help me… I’m okay… but I am not alright “你没事吧?”是的…。我知道我很沮丧, 没有希望, 没有什么能帮助我…我没事…但我不太好 |
|---|
| 2. “empty” feelings I WAS JUST TALKING ABOUT HOW I I HAVE EMOTION OH MY GOODNESS I FEEL AWFUL “空虚”的感觉 我只是谈谈我的情绪如何 天呐 我感觉糟透了 |
| 3. I want someone to hold me and be there for me when I’m sad. 当我悲伤的时候, 我希望有人抱紧我, 陪在我身边。 |
| 4. I actually made sure no one knew about my feelings or thoughts. 事实上, 我确定没有人知道我的感受或想法。 |
表1抑郁症用户发布的个人帖子样例
| 1. “Are you okay?” Yes…. I understand that I am upset and hopeless and nothing can help me… I’m okay… but I am not alright “你没事吧?”是的…。我知道我很沮丧, 没有希望, 没有什么能帮助我…我没事…但我不太好 |
|---|
| 2. “empty” feelings I WAS JUST TALKING ABOUT HOW I I HAVE EMOTION OH MY GOODNESS I FEEL AWFUL “空虚”的感觉 我只是谈谈我的情绪如何 天呐 我感觉糟透了 |
| 3. I want someone to hold me and be there for me when I’m sad. 当我悲伤的时候, 我希望有人抱紧我, 陪在我身边。 |
| 4. I actually made sure no one knew about my feelings or thoughts. 事实上, 我确定没有人知道我的感受或想法。 |
表2抑郁症患者和对照组的语言使用模式差异
| 文献信息及差异项目 | 参考文献 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [1] | [2] | [3] | [4] | [5] | [6] | [7] | [8] | |
| 年份 | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 | 2015 | 2015 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 |
| 平台 | ||||||||
| 样本量 | 165 | 28749 | 21866 | 4026 | 1957 | 900 | 540 | 4350 |
| 工具 | LIWC | LIWC LDA | LIWC | LIWC | LIWC LDA | 其他 | 其他 | LIWC LDA |
| 第一人称单数代词 | + | + | / | + | + | + | + | + |
| 第一人称复数代词 | - | / | / | - | / | / | - | / |
| 消极情绪词 | = | + | + | + | + | / | + | + |
| 积极情绪词 | - | / | = | = | / | / | - | / |
| 第二、三人称代词 | - | / | / | = | / | / | - | / |
| 死亡词 | / | / | / | + | + | / | / | + |
| 脏话 | + | + | + | = | + | + | / | / |
| 愤怒词 | / | + | + | + | / | / | + | + |
| 焦虑词 | / | / | + | + | / | / | / | + |
| 宗教词 | / | / | / | = | / | / | / | + |
| 健康词 | / | / | / | + | / | / | / | + |
| 因果词 | / | / | / | + | + | / | / | + |
| 否定词 | + | + | / | = | + | + | / | + |
表2抑郁症患者和对照组的语言使用模式差异
| 文献信息及差异项目 | 参考文献 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [1] | [2] | [3] | [4] | [5] | [6] | [7] | [8] | |
| 年份 | 2014 | 2014 | 2014 | 2015 | 2015 | 2016 | 2019 | 2019 |
| 平台 | ||||||||
| 样本量 | 165 | 28749 | 21866 | 4026 | 1957 | 900 | 540 | 4350 |
| 工具 | LIWC | LIWC LDA | LIWC | LIWC | LIWC LDA | 其他 | 其他 | LIWC LDA |
| 第一人称单数代词 | + | + | / | + | + | + | + | + |
| 第一人称复数代词 | - | / | / | - | / | / | - | / |
| 消极情绪词 | = | + | + | + | + | / | + | + |
| 积极情绪词 | - | / | = | = | / | / | - | / |
| 第二、三人称代词 | - | / | / | = | / | / | - | / |
| 死亡词 | / | / | / | + | + | / | / | + |
| 脏话 | + | + | + | = | + | + | / | / |
| 愤怒词 | / | + | + | + | / | / | + | + |
| 焦虑词 | / | / | + | + | / | / | / | + |
| 宗教词 | / | / | / | = | / | / | / | + |
| 健康词 | / | / | / | + | / | / | / | + |
| 因果词 | / | / | / | + | + | / | / | + |
| 否定词 | + | + | / | = | + | + | / | + |
参考文献 85
| [1] | 曹奔, 夏勉, 任志洪, 林秀彬, 徐升, 赖丽足,… 江光荣. (2018). 大数据时代心理学文本分析技术——“主题模型”的应用. 心理科学进展, 26(5),770-780. |
| [2] | 董健宇, 韦文棋, 吴珂, 妮娜, 王粲霏, 付莹, 彭歆. (2020). 机器学习在抑郁症领域的应用. 心理科学进展, 28(2),266-274. |
| [3] | 杨营凯, 刘衍玲. (2016). 抑郁反刍的认知神经机制. 心理科学进展, 24(7),1042-1049. |
| [4] | Abe, J. A. A. (2009). Words that predict outstanding performance. Journal of Research in Personality, 43,528-531. |
| [5] | Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I., & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory-based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96(2),358-372. |
| [6] | Abramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E., & Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87(1),49-74. URLpmid: 649856 |
| [7] | Baddeley, J. L., Pennebaker, J. W., & Beevers, C. G. (2012). Everyday social behavior during a major depressive episode. Social Psychology and Personality Science, 4,445-452. |
| [8] | Bastiampillai, T., Allison, S., & Chan, S. (2013). Is depression contagious? The importance of social networks and the implications of contagion theory. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 47(4),299-303. doi: 10.1177/ 0004867412471437. |
| [9] | Beck, A. T., & Alford, B. A. (2009). Depression: Causes and treatment (2nd ed.). Philadelphia,PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. |
| [10] | Bernard, J. D., Baddeley, J. L., Rodriguez, B. F., & Burke, P. A. (2015). Depression, language, and affect. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 35(3),317-326. doi: 10.1177/0261927X15589186. |
| [11] | Boyd, R. L., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2016). A way with words:Using language for psychological science in the modern era. In Consumer psychology in a social media world. New York,NY: Routledge. |
| [12] | Brockmeyer, T., Zimmermann, J., Kulessa, D., Hautzinger, M., Bents, H., Friederich, H. -C.,… Backenstrass, M. (2015). Me, myself, and I: Self-referent word use as an indicator of self-focused attention in relation to depression and anxiety. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1564-1573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01564. |
| [13] | Chan, A., Malhotra, C., Malhotra, R., & Ostbye, T. (2011). Living arrangements, social networks and depressive symptoms among older men and women in Singapore. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(6),630-639. doi: 10.1002/gps.2574. URLpmid: 20677171 |
| [14] | Cheng, Q., Li, T. M. H., Kwok, C. -L., Zhu, T., & Yip, P. S. F. (2017). Assessing suicide risk and emotional distress in chinese social media: A text mining and machine learning study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(7),e243. doi: 10.2196/jmir.7276. URLpmid: 28694239 |
| [15] | Coppersmith, G., Dredze, M., Harman, C., & Hollingshead, K. (2015). From ADHD to SAD: Analyzing the language of mental health on twitter through self-reported diagnoses. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology: From Linguistic Signal to Clinical Reality. |
| [16] | Coyne, J. C. (1989). Thinking postcognitively about depression. In A. Freeman, K. M. Simon, L. E. Beutler & H. Arkowitz (Eds.),Comprehensive handbook of cognitive therapy. New York,NY: Springer US. |
| [17] | de Choudhury, M., Counts, S., Horvitz, E. J., & Hoff, A. (2014). Characterizing and predicting postpartum depression from shared facebook data. Proceeding of the 17th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing (pp.626-638) |
| [18] | de Choudhury, M., Gamon, M., Counts, S., & Horvitz, E. (2013). Predicting depression via social media. Proceedings of the 7th International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (Vol.13, pp.1-10). Palo Alto, CA: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. |
| [19] | Duval, S., & Wicklund, R. A. (1972). A theory of objective self-awareness. New York,NY: Academic Press. |
| [20] | Edwards, T., & Holtzman, N. S. (2017). A meta-analysis of correlations between depression and first person singular pronoun use. Journal of Research in Personality, 68,63-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2017.02.005. |
| [21] | Fast, L. A., & Funder, D. C. (2010). Gender differences in the correlates of self-referent word use: Authority, entitlement, and depressive symptoms. Journal of Personality, 78(1),313-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00617.x. URLpmid: 20433621 |
| [22] | Friedrich, M. J. (2017). Depression is the leading cause of disability around the world. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 317(15), 1517. doi: 10.1001/jama.2017. 3826. |
| [23] | Frost, D. M. (2013). The narrative construction of intimacy and affect in relationship stories: Implications for relationship quality, stability, and mental health. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships. 30,247-269. doi: 10.1177/0265407512454463. |
| [24] | Gold, P. W., Machado-Vieira, R., & Pavlatou, M. G. (2015). Clinical and biochemical manifestations of depression: Relation to the neurobiology of stress. Neural Plasticity, 2015,1-11. doi: 10.1155/2015/581976. |
| [25] | Gooding, P. A., Taylor, P. J., & Tarrier, N. (2012). Perceived extent and effectiveness of reflection and brooding in relation to depressed mood. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36,282-289. doi: 10.1007/s10608-011-9367-x. |
| [26] | Guntuku, S. C., Yaden, D. B., Kern, M. L., Ungar, L. H., & Eichstaedt, J. C. (2017). Detecting depression and mental illness on social media: An integrative review. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 18,43-49. http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.07.005. |
| [27] | Hampson, S. E., Goldberg, L. R., & John, O. P. (1987). Category-breadth and social desirability values for 573 personality terms. European Journal of Personality, 1,241-258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410010405. |
| [28] | Herrman, H., Kieling, C., McGorry, P., Horton, R., Sargent, J., & Patel, V. (2019). Reducing the global burden of depression: A Lancet-World Psychiatric Association Commission. The Lancet, 393(10189).e42-e43. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32408-5. |
| [29] | Huang, Y. Q., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z. R., Yu, X., Yan, J.,… Wu, Y. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in China: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 211-224. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30511-X. |
| [30] | Hussain, J., Satti, F. A., Afzal, M., Khan, W. A., Bilal, H. S. M., Ansaar, M. Z.,… Lee, S. (2019). Exploring the dominant features of social media for depression detection. Journal of Information Science. doi: 10.1177/0165551519860469. doi: 10.1126/science.abd1827URLpmid: 33602852 |
| [31] | Imel, Z. E., Steyvers, M., & Atkins, D. C. (2015). Computational psychotherapy research: Scaling up the evaluation of patient-provider interactions. Psychotherapy, 52(1),19-30. URLpmid: 24866972 |
| [32] | Ingram, R. E. (1990). Self-focused attention in clinical disorders: Review and a conceptual model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2),156-176. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.156. URLpmid: 2181521 |
| [33] | Ireland, M. E., & Mehl, M. R. (2014). Natural language use as a marker of personality. In T. Holtgraves (Ed.), Oxford handbook of language and social psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. |
| [34] | James, W. (1890). The principles of psychology. New York, NY: Holt & Co. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11059-000. |
| [35] | Johnson, D. P., & Whisman, M. A. (2013). Gender differences in rumination: A meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(4),367-374. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2013.03.019URLpmid: 24089583 |
| [36] | Joiner, T. E., Jr ., van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., & Rudd, M. D. (2009). The interpersonal theory of suicide: Guidance for working with suicidal clients. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi: 10.1037/11869-000. |
| [37] | Kawachi, I., & Berkman, L. F. (2001). Social ties and mental health. Journal of Urban Health, 78(3),458-467. |
| [38] | Klerman, G., Weissman, M. M., Rounsaville, B. J., & Chevron, E. (1984). Interpersonal Psychotherapy of depression. New York, NY: Basic Books. |
| [39] | Lancet (2012). Depression and the global economic crisis: is there hope? The Lancet, 380(9849), 1203. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(12)61694-8 |
| [40] | Leahy, R. L., Holland, S. J. F., & McGinn, L. K. (2012). Treatment plans and interventions for depression and anxiety disorders. New York, NY: Guilford Press. |
| [41] | Ledford, H. (2014). Medical research: If depression were cancer. Nature, 515(7526),182-184. doi: 10.1038/515182a. |
| [42] | Leis, A., Ronzano, F., Mayer, M. A., Furlong, L. I., & Sanz, F. (2019). Detecting signs of depression in tweets in Spanish: Behavioral and linguistic analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(6),e14199. doi: 10.2196/14199. URLpmid: 31250832 |
| [43] | Li, A., Jiao, D., Liu, X., Sun, J., & Zhu, T. (2019). A psycholinguistic analysis of responses to live-stream suicides on social media. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(16),2848. |
| [44] | Li, A., Jiao, D., & Zhu, T. (2018). Detecting depression stigma on social media: A linguistic analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 232,358-362. URLpmid: 29510353 |
| [45] | Liu, H., Zhang, M., Yang, Q., & Yu, B. (2020). Gender differences in the influence of social isolation and loneliness on depressive symptoms in college students: A longitudinal study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 55(2),251-257. doi: 10.1007/s00127-019-01726-6. URLpmid: 31115597 |
| [46] | Lyons, M., Aksayli, N. D., & Brewer, G. (2018). Mental distress and language use: Linguistic analysis of discussion forum posts. Computers in Human Behavior, 87,207-211. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.035. |
| [47] | MacWilliams, K., Hughes, J., Aston, M., Field, S., & Moffatt, F. W. (2016). Understanding the experience of miscarriage in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing. 42,504-512. doi: 10.1016/j.jen.2016.05.011. |
| [48] | Merino Hipólito., Carmen, S., Ferreiro Fátima, & Carles, S. M. (2016). Are worry and rumination specific pathways linking neuroticism and symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with generalized anxiety disorder, major depressive disorder and mixed anxiety-depressive disorder? Plos One, 11(5),e0156169. URLpmid: 27243462 |
| [49] | Molendijk, M. L., Bamelis, L., van Emmerik, A. A. P., Arntz, A., Haringsma, R., & Spinhoven, P. (2010). Word use of outpatients with a personality disorder and concurrent or previous major depressive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(1),44-51. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.09.007. URLpmid: 19819423 |
| [50] | Nadeem, M. (2016). Identifying depression on twitter. ArXiv: 1607.07384. |
| [51] | National Institute of Mental Health. (2012). Research domain criteria framework. Retrieved from https://www. nimh.nih.gov/research-priorities/rdoc/definitions-of-the-rdoc-domains and-constructs.shtml. |
| [52] | Nejad, A. B., Rotgé, J., Valabregue, R., Guérin-Langlois, C., Hoertel, N., Gorwood, P.,… Lemogne, C. (2019). Medial prefrontal disengagement during self-focus in formerly depressed patients prone to rumination. Journal of Affective Disorders, 247,36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jad. 2019.01.004. URLpmid: 30641339 |
| [53] | Newell, E. E., Mccoy, S. K., Newman, M. L., Wellman, J. D., & Gardner, S. K.,. (2017). You sound so down: Capturing depressed affect through depressed language. Journal of Language & Social Psychology,0261927X1773112. |
| [54] | Nguyen, T., Phung, D., Dao, B., Venkatesh, S., & Berk, M. (2014). Affective and content analysis of online depression communities. IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing, 5(3),217-226. |
| [55] | Niederkrotenthaler, T., Till, B., & Garcia, D. (2019). Celebrity suicide on Twitter: Activity, content and network analysis related to the death of Swedish DJ Tim Bergling alias Avicii. Journal of Affective Disorder, 245,848-855. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.071. |
| [56] | Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5),400-424. URLpmid: 26158958 |
| [57] | Orth, U., Robins, R. W., Meier, L. L., & Conger, R. D. (2016). Refining the vulnerability model of low self-esteem and depression: Disentangling the effects of genuine self-esteem and narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(1),133-149. https://doi.org/ 10.1037/pspp0000038. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000038URLpmid: 25915133 |
| [58] | Park, A., & Conway, M. (2017). Longitudinal changes in psychological states in online health community members: Understanding the long-term effects of participating in an online depression community. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(3),e71. |
| [59] | Pendry, L. F., & Salvatore, J. (2015). Individual and social benefits of online discussion forums. Computers in Human Behavior, 50,211-220. |
| [60] | Pennebaker, J. W., Booth, R. J., & Francis, M. E. (2007). Linguistic inquiry and word count: LIWC2007: Operator’s manual. Austin, TX: LIWC.net. |
| [61] | Preoiuc-Pietro, D., Eichstaedt, J., Park, G., Sap, M., & Ungar, L. (2015). The role of personality, age, and gender in tweeting about mental illness. Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology: From Linguistic Signal to Clinical Reality. |
| [62] | Pulverman, C. S., Lorenz, T. A., & Meston, C. M. (2015). Linguistic changes in expressive writing predict psychological outcomes in women with history of childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual dysfunction. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7(1),50-57. doi: 10.1037/a0036462. |
| [63] | Pyszczynski, T., & Greenberg, J. (1987). Self-regulatory perseveration and the depressive self-focusing style: A self-awareness theory of reactive depression. Psychological Bulletin, 102,122-138. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.102.1.122. URLpmid: 3615702 |
| [64] | Rohrbaugh, M. J., Shoham, V., Skoyen, J. A., Jensen, M., & Mehl, M. R. (2012). We-talk, communal coping, and cessation success in a couple-focused intervention for health-compromised smokers. Family Process, 51,107-121. URLpmid: 22428714 |
| [65] | Rude, S., Gortner, E., & Pennebaker, J. (2004). Language use of depressed and depression-vulnerable college students. Cognition and Emotion, 18(8), 1121-1133. doi: 10.1080/02699930441000030. |
| [66] | Scheffers, M., van Duijn, M. A. J., Beldman, M., Bosscher, R. J., van Busschbach, J. T., & Schoevers, R. (2018). Body attitude, body satisfaction and body awareness in a clinical group of depressed patients: An observational study on the associations with depression severity and the influence of treatment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 242,22-28. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.08.074URLpmid: 30170235 |
| [67] | Schoch-Ruppen, J., Ehlert, U., Uggowitzer, F., Weymerskirch, N., & La Marca-Ghaemmaghami, P. (2018). Women’s word use in pregnancy: Associations with maternal characteristics, prenatal stress, and neonatal birth outcome. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01234. URLpmid: 30740082 |
| [68] | Schwartz, A. H., Eichstaedt, J. C., Kern, M. L., Park, G., & Ungar, L. H. (2014). Towards assessing changes in degree of depression through Facebook. Workshop on Computational Linguistics and Clinical Psychology: From Linguistic Signal to Clinical Reality. |
| [69] | Silvia, P., & Abele, A. (2002). Can positive affect induce self-focused attention? Methodological and measurement issues. Cognition and Emotion, 16,845-853. |
| [70] | Suslow, T., Wildenauer, K., & Günther, V. (2019). Ruminative response style is associated with a negative bias in the perception of emotional facial expressions in healthy women without a history of clinical depression. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 62,125-132. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.10.004. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2018.10.004URLpmid: 30366227 |
| [71] | Sweeny, K., Andrews, S. E., Nelson, S. K., & Robbins, M. L. (2015). Waiting for a baby: Navigating uncertainty in recollections of trying to conceive. Social Science and Medicine, 141,123-132. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.031. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.07.031URLpmid: 26262575 |
| [72] | Tackman, A. M., Sbarra, D. A., Carey, A. L., Donnellan, M. B., Horn, A. B., Holtzman, N. S.,… Mehl, M. R. (2019). Depression, negative emotionality, and self-referential language: A multi-lab, multi-measure, and multi-language-task research synthesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 116(5),817-834. doi: 10.1037/pspp0000187. URLpmid: 29504797 |
| [73] | Treynor, W., Gonzalez, R., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2003). Rumination reconsidered: A psychometric analysis. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 27,247-259. doi: 10.1023/ A:1023910315561. |
| [74] | Trotzek, M., Koitka, S., & Friedrich, C. M. (2018). Utilizing neural networks and linguistic metadata for early detection of depression indications in text sequences. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 32(3),588-601. |
| [75] | Uden-Kraan, C. F. V., Drossaert, C. H. C., Taal, E., Seydel, E. R., & van de Laar, M. A. F. J. (2009). Participation in online patient support groups endorses patients' empowerment. Patient Education and Counseling, 74(1),61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2008.07.044URLpmid: 18778909 |
| [76] | Vanderlind, W. M., Millgram, Y., Baskin-Sommers, A. R., Clark, M. S., & Joormann, J. (2020). Understanding positive emotion deficits in depression: From emotion preferences to emotion regulation. Clinical Psychology Review, 76,101826. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101826. URLpmid: 32058881 |
| [77] | van der Zanden, R., Curie, K., van Londen, M., Kramer, J., Steen, G., & Cuijpers, P. (2014). Web-based depression treatment: Associations of clients? word use with adherence and outcome. Journal of Affective Disorders, 160,10-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.005. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.01.005URLpmid: 24709016 |
| [78] | Wang, J., Sui, X., Hu, B., Flint, J., & Zhu, T. (2018). Detecting postpartum depression in depressed people by speech features. Human Centered Computing, 10745,433-442. |
| [79] | Wells, A. (2009). Metacognitive therapy for depression. Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy. New York, NY: Guilford Press. |
| [80] | Xu, R., & Zhang, Q. (2016). Understanding online health groups for depression: Social network and linguistic perspectives. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(3),e63. doi: 10.2196/jmir.5042URLpmid: 26966078 |
| [81] | Zhang, Y. J., & Jin, S. H. (2014). The impact of social support on postpartum depression: The mediator role of self-efficacy. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(5),720-726. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105314536454. URLpmid: 24925546 |
| [82] | Zhao, D., Wu, Z., Zhang, H., Mellor, D., Ding, L., Wu, H.,… Fang, Y. (2018). Somatic symptoms vary in major depressive disorder in China. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 87,32-37. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2018.08.013. URLpmid: 30195098 |
| [83] | Zhou, X. L., Peng, Y. S., Zhu, X. Z., Yao, S. Q., Dere, J., Chentsova-Dutton, Y. E., & Ryder, A. G. (2016). From culture to symptom: Testing a structural model of “Chinese somatization”. Transcultural Psychiatry, 53(1),3-23. URLpmid: 26076689 |
| [84] | Zimmermann, J., Brockmeyer, T., Hunn, M., Schauenburg, H., & Wolf, M. (2017). First-person pronoun use in spoken language as a predictor of future depressive symptoms: Preliminary evidence from a clinical sample of depressed patients. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(2),384-391. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2006. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2006URLpmid: 26818665 |
| [85] | Zimmermann, J., Wolf, M., Bock, A., Peham, D., & Benecke, C. (2013). The way we refer to ourselves reflects how we relate to others: Associations between first-person pronoun use and interpersonal problems. Journal of Research in Personality, 47(3),218-225. doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2013.01.008. |
相关文章 15
| [1] | 苏悦, 刘明明, 赵楠, 刘晓倩, 朱廷劭. 基于社交媒体数据的心理指标识别建模: 机器学习的方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(4): 571-585. |
| [2] | 黄骐, 陈春萍, 罗跃嘉, 伍海燕. 好奇心的机制及作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(4): 723-736. |
| [3] | 秦浩方, 黄蓉, 贾世伟. 反馈相关负波：一种抑郁症的生物标记物[J]. 心理科学进展, 2021, 29(3): 404-413. |
| [4] | 何姣, 白宝玉, 夏勉. 心理治疗中的脱落[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(7): 1187-1198. |
| [5] | 邸天琪, 黄昱静, 高军. 催产素对产后抑郁症患者母性行为的调节作用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(3): 456-464. |
| [6] | 董健宇, 韦文棋, 吴珂, 妮娜, 王粲霏, 付莹, 彭歆. 机器学习在抑郁症领域的应用[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(2): 266-274. |
| [7] | 孙琳, 段涛, 陈宁. 情绪预测偏差的成因及干预[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 2018-2026. |
| [8] | 唐倩, 毛秀珍, 何明霜, 何洁. 认知诊断计算机化自适应测验的选题策略[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(12): 2160-2168. |
| [9] | 张雪琴, 毛秀珍, 李佳. 基于CAT的在线标定:设计与方法[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(11): 1970-1978. |
| [10] | 张沥今, 魏夏琰, 陆嘉琦, 潘俊豪. Lasso回归：从解释到预测[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(10): 1777-1788. |
| [11] | 区健新, 吴寅, 刘金婷, 李红. 计算精神病学：抑郁症研究和临床应用的新视角[J]. 心理科学进展, 2020, 28(1): 111-127. |
| [12] | 彭苏浩, 陶丹, 冷玥, 邓慧华. 社会排斥的心理行为特征及其脑机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(9): 1656-1666. |
| [13] | 吕雪靖, 侯欣. 听觉预测编码：对声音重复和变化的神经反应[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(12): 1996-2006. |
| [14] | 靳宇倡, 余梦, 胡云龙. 网络游戏成瘾研究的争议及趋势[J]. 心理科学进展, 2019, 27(1): 83-95. |
| [15] | 李丹阳, 李鹏, 李红. 反馈负波及其近10年理论解释[J]. 心理科学进展, 2018, 26(9): 1642-1650. |
PDF全文下载地址:
http://journal.psych.ac.cn/xlkxjz/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=5427
