) 北京师范大学心理学部, 北京 100875
收稿日期:2020-05-25出版日期:2021-03-15发布日期:2021-01-26通讯作者:陈宝国E-mail:chenbg@bnu.edu.cn基金资助:国家自然科学基金(31970976);北京师范大学博一学科交叉基金项目资助(BNUXKJC1908)The processing mechanism of morphologically complex words for second language learners
CONG Fengjiao, CHEN Baoguo() Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Received:2020-05-25Online:2021-03-15Published:2021-01-26Contact:CHEN Baoguo E-mail:chenbg@bnu.edu.cn摘要/Abstract
摘要： 大多数语言中, 形态复杂词所占的比例很高。形态复杂词形-义映射的规律性使得读者不仅能直接从心理词典中提取整词语义, 还可以利用形态规则来建构词语的语义。研究发现, 母语者可以利用形态规则来加工复杂词, 但第二语言(二语)学习者的研究结果存在较大的分歧, 且表现出和母语者不一样的结果模式。基于补充学习系统理论和情景性二语者假设, 我们尝试提出了二语形态复杂词加工机制的观点, 并据此解释研究分歧出现的原因。未来的研究需要探究词汇形态家族大小等因素对二语形态复杂词加工的影响, 以及揭示二语形态复杂词加工的神经机制。
图/表 2
表1有关L2屈折词加工的研究
| 文章来源 | L1-L2背景 | L2水平 | 屈折启动效应 | “形态” 操纵方式 | 词缀 类型 | 正字法 启动效应 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 规则 | 不规则 | ||||||
| 多-法 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 低 | YES | ||||||
| 塞尔维亚-英 | 高 | YES | NO | 2 | 后缀 | ||
| 低 | NO | NO | |||||
| 英-西班牙 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 中 | YES | × | |||||
| 俄-德 | 高 | NO | 2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 波兰-德 | 高 | NO | NO | 1 | 后缀 | ||
| 汉-英 | 高 | YES | 2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 低 | NO | × | |||||
| 英-德 | 高 | NO | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 汉/德-英 | 高 | NO | 1 | 后缀 | |||
| 希腊-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 | |||
表1有关L2屈折词加工的研究
| 文章来源 | L1-L2背景 | L2水平 | 屈折启动效应 | “形态” 操纵方式 | 词缀 类型 | 正字法 启动效应 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 规则 | 不规则 | ||||||
| 多-法 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 低 | YES | ||||||
| 塞尔维亚-英 | 高 | YES | NO | 2 | 后缀 | ||
| 低 | NO | NO | |||||
| 英-西班牙 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 中 | YES | × | |||||
| 俄-德 | 高 | NO | 2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 波兰-德 | 高 | NO | NO | 1 | 后缀 | ||
| 汉-英 | 高 | YES | 2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 低 | NO | × | |||||
| 英-德 | 高 | NO | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | ||
| 汉/德-英 | 高 | NO | 1 | 后缀 | |||
| 希腊-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 | |||
表2有关L2派生词加工的研究
| 文章来源 | L1-L2背景 | L2水平 | 派生启动效应 | “形态”操纵方式 | 词缀类型 | 正字法启动效应 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 俄-德 | 高 | YES | 2 | 前缀&后缀 | ||
| 波兰-德 | 高 | NO | 1 | 前缀 | ||
| Dal Maso& Giraudo (2014) | 多-意大利 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | |
| 汉-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 | ||
| 西班牙/荷兰-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 后缀 | √ | |
| 俄-德 | 高 | YES | 2 | 后缀 | × | |
| 汉-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 后缀 | × | |
| 低 | NO | √ | ||||
| 汉-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 前缀 | √ | |
| 英-德 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | |
| 汉/德-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 | ||
| 意大利-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 后缀 | × | |
| 低 | NO | √ | ||||
| 希腊-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 |
表2有关L2派生词加工的研究
| 文章来源 | L1-L2背景 | L2水平 | 派生启动效应 | “形态”操纵方式 | 词缀类型 | 正字法启动效应 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 俄-德 | 高 | YES | 2 | 前缀&后缀 | ||
| 波兰-德 | 高 | NO | 1 | 前缀 | ||
| Dal Maso& Giraudo (2014) | 多-意大利 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | |
| 汉-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 | ||
| 西班牙/荷兰-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 后缀 | √ | |
| 俄-德 | 高 | YES | 2 | 后缀 | × | |
| 汉-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 后缀 | × | |
| 低 | NO | √ | ||||
| 汉-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 前缀 | √ | |
| 英-德 | 高 | YES | 1+2 | 后缀 | × | |
| 汉/德-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 | ||
| 意大利-英 | 高 | NO | 3 | 后缀 | × | |
| 低 | NO | √ | ||||
| 希腊-英 | 高 | YES | 1 | 后缀 |
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