Fund Project:Project supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2021JQ-044) and the National Defense Science and Technology Foundation of State Key Laboratory, China (Grant No. 6142605200104).
Received Date:12 March 2021
Accepted Date:05 June 2021
Available Online:05 October 2021
Published Online:20 October 2021
Abstract:Electromagnetic plasma accelerators which can generate hypervelocity and high density plasma jets have been widely used in the fields of nuclear physics and astrophysics. In this paper, an experimental platform of parallel-rail accelerator electromagnetically driven plasma is established, and the discharge modes under different discharge currents and gas injection conditions are studied through using magnetic probes, a spectrometer and an ICCD. A fast gas valve is used to inject argon into the rail electrode area. The time delay between the fast valve discharge and the parallel-rail accelerator discharge is fixed to be 450 μs. The waveform of power supply of the parallel-rail accelerator is a sinusoidal wave. The total capacitance is 120 μF, the total inductance is about 400 nH, and the maximum current is 170 kA. The fast valve current waveform is a double exponential waveform with a maximum current of 2.5 kA. When the discharge current is 40 kA, a current sheet with a certain thickness is generated, and the current sheet moves through different detection positions along the rail electrode at a certain velocity. Therefore, the working mode of the parallel-rail accelerator is the snowplow mode. As the discharge current increases, the trailing edge of the current channel is fixed during the current rising phase, and starts to move to the end of the rail during the current falling phase. A diffuse distributed current channel is formed, and the parallel-rail accelerator operates in a deflagration mode. As the gas injection mass increases, the current channel front velocity decreases to form a more concentrated distributed current channel, and the discharge mode turns into the snowplow mode. The stationary current channel in the deflagration mode is maintained mainly by ablating the electrode. The operating parameters mainly affect the rail voltage, which in turn affects the discharge mode of the parallel-rail accelerator. The rail voltage increases when the discharge current or the current rate of change increases. If the rail gap behind the current channel cannot withstand the high rail voltage under large discharge current or large current rate of change, the breakdown occurs, which results in the deflagration mode discharge. Keywords:parallel-rail/ current/ snowplow mode/ deflagration mode
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3.1.雪犁模式典型波形
快速气阀工作气压为200 kPa、气阀电流为1.87 kA, 平行轨道加速器驱动电源电容器充电电压为3.2 kV时, 轴向不同位置的磁探头测得的磁场波形和电流波形如图3所示. 电流波形为正弦振荡衰减波, 电流第一个半周期峰值为40 kA, 脉宽为23.4 μs. 由于电流反向时一般会在轨道起始端有二次击穿, 本文只关注电流的第一个半周期内平行轨道加速器的工作模式. 雪犁模式的典型特征是形成一个紧凑的等离子体片. 从磁场波形上看, 不同轴向探测位置的磁场从0上升的起点反映了电流通道的前沿; 某一轴向探测位置磁场与靠近轨道起始端方向前一个探测位置磁场的重合点反映了电流通道的后沿. 根据图3可知, 磁场上升起点依次经过探测位置, 磁场上升后也依次重合, 磁场上升斜率相近, 表明一个具有一定厚度的电流通道整体以一定的速度依次运动过轨道轴向不同的探测位置. 图 3 磁场波形和电流波形 Figure3. Magnetic field and current waveforms.
式中B为磁探头布置位置处测得的磁场大小; k为比例系数, 可通过轨道末端短路校准获得; J为电流通道的电流密度; μ为磁导率. 令Bn为从轨道起始端第n个磁探头测得的磁场大小, 即n=1时表示Z=16 mm位置的磁探头线圈. 6个磁探头将平行轨道轴向分为7段区域, 分别为0—16 mm, 16—54 mm, 54—92 mm, 92—130 mm, 130—168 mm, 168—206 mm和206—242 mm, 电流在这7段区域内每段区域分布的电流分别以I0—I6表示. 则平行轨道加速器轴向7段区域内每段区域分布的电流大小为