Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51602183, 11674197) and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. ZR2014BP003)
Received Date:08 February 2021
Accepted Date:03 March 2021
Available Online:22 June 2021
Published Online:20 July 2021
Abstract:Hydrogen production through electrolyzing water can transfer the energy from solar energy, wind energy and other sustainable energy to hydrogen, a clean energy carrier with high energy density. The NiP2 has attracted much attention as a cheap electrocatalyst with high catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In this paper, the adsorption energy, Gibbs free energy and exchange current densities at different sites on NiP2 (100) surface are calculated. On this basis, the effect of strain and doping on the HER catalytic performance of NiP2 are studied. By calculation, we find that when H is adsorbed on the top site of P atom on NiP2 (100) surface, the exchange current density is the closest to the top of volcanic curve, so the top site of P atom on NiP2 (100) surface is the catalytic active site. The effect of doping and strain on the catalytic performance of NiP2 are analyzed. 1) According to the range of strain produced by the common experimental technology, the effects of 1% and 3% tensile and compressive strain are calculated. It is found that 1% compressive strain can improve the catalytic performance of NiP2, while when 3% compressive strain or a 1% or 3% tensile strain is applied, the catalytic performance of NiP2 is not enhanced. 2) The effects of doping transition metal elements (Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, W, Cr) and non-metallic elements (N, C, S) on the catalytic performance of NiP2 are calculated. It is found that doping non-metallic element S can significantly improve the HER catalytic performance of the top site of P atom, while the doping of transition metal elements Mn, Mo, W, Co, Cr, Fe, Cu and non-metallic elements N, C have no effect on this site. The doping of transition metal element (catalytic activity: Mn > Mo > W > Co > Cr > Fe > Ni) Mn can make the catalytic performance of inactive site improved to that of the active site, thus indirectly improving the catalytic performance of NiP2. Our work reveals the micro mechanism of the effect of doping and strain on the performance of HER electrocatalyst, which provides a new perspective for designing the high performance HER electrocatalyst. Keywords:hydrogen evolution reaction/ surface strain/ doping effect/ exchange current density
其中${j_0}$为单个位点的理论交换电流密度, e为单个电子所带电荷, ${k^0}$为标准速率常数, 为200 s–1·site–1, $\alpha $是传递系数, $\theta $是与吸附热相关的一个量. 高性能的催化剂应该具有中等的吸附能力, 如果吸附太弱, 反应物不会吸附在表面, 而如果吸附太强, 则脱附困难. 在吸附能与催化速率的关系图上, 往往都是呈现出一种先上升后下降的火山形状的曲线, 因而形象地称之为火山型曲线. 通常, 合适的吸附能应位于火山型曲线的顶点附近. 为了进一步研究不同位点的催化性能, 比较了不同位点的交换电流密度相对于火山型曲线顶点的位置. 当电荷转移系数α = 0.45时, NiP2(100)表面ΔG与${j_0}$的火山型曲线见图3. 图 3 当电荷转移系数α = 0.45(黑色曲线)时, NiP2 (100)表面ΔG与${j_0}$的火山型曲线, 空心符号表示通过吉布斯自由能获得的单个位点的理论交换电流密度 Figure3. Volcano plot between ${j_0}$ and ΔG with charge-transfer coefficient α = 0.45 (black solid line) of NiP2 (100) surface. The hollow symbols represent the theoretical exchange current density of a single site obtained by the value of Gibbs free energy.
本文计算了过渡金属元素(Co, Fe, Mn, Mo, Cu, W, Cr)掺杂和非金属掺杂(N, C, S)对NiP2 (100)表面HER催化性能的影响. 其中, 图4(a)表示对NiP2进行过渡金属掺杂和非金属掺杂后, 位点1(P的top位点)的ΔG变化, 图4(b)表示对NiP2进行过渡金属掺杂前后, H分别吸附在位点2(Ni的top位点)和掺杂过渡金属原子上的ΔG, 图4(c)表示对NiP2进行非金属掺杂前后, H分别吸附在位点1(P的top位点)和掺杂非金属原子上的ΔG. 图 4 (a) 过渡金属和非金属元素掺杂前后H吸附在NiP2(100)表面位点1(P的top位点)上和掺杂原子上的ΔG; (b) 过渡金属掺杂前后H吸附在NiP2(100)表面位点2(Ni的top位点)上和掺杂的过渡金属原子上的ΔG; (c)掺杂非金属原子前后H分别吸附在NiP2(100)表面位点1(P的top位点)和掺杂的非金属原子上的ΔG; 虚线表示H吸附位点有所偏移 Figure4. (a) ΔG of H adsorbed on site 1 (top site of P atom) of NiP2 (100) surface before and after doping, (b) ΔG of H adsorbed on site 2 (top site of Ni atom) and top site of doped transition metal atom before and after doping transition metal atom respectively, (c) ΔG of H adsorbed on site 1 (top site of P atom) and top site of doped non-metallic atom on NiP2 (100) surface before and after doping non-metallic atom respectively. The dashed line indicates the shift of H adsorption site.