State Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Ship and Deep-Sea Exploration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11774229)
Received Date:15 September 2020
Accepted Date:28 October 2020
Available Online:26 February 2021
Published Online:05 March 2021
Abstract:Backscattering enhancement associated with subsonic Rayleigh wave resonance of a polymethlmethacrylate (PMMA) cylinder is observed at low frequencies in water, which suggests that the PMMA cylinders may have essential applications in the low-frequency standard scatterer design. A slightly deformed surface structure with regular corrugation is presented to manipulate the low-frequency backscattering resonance frequency of PMMA cylinder passively. Using the perturbation method, the approximate resonance frequency shift is derived for an infinite slightly deformed cylinder with regular corrugations. Based on the phase matching of Rayleigh waves, the mechanism of low-frequency resonance frequency shift is revealed. Studies show that compared with a bare cylinder, a small boundary deformation can cause the propagation path of Rayleigh waves to change, namely, the Rayleigh waves propagate along the slightly deformed surface with regular corrugations. The modified propagation path can cause the propagation phase to change, which brings about the low-frequency backscattering resonance frequency shift of a PMMA cylinder. Furthermore, how the resonance frequency shifts with the deformation coefficient and period of the corrugation is discussed in detail. The backscattering resonance frequency of the regular corrugated cylinder shifts to low frequency with the increase of ξ under the condition of the deformation coefficient ξ > 0, but shifts to high frequency with the decrease of ξ at ξ < 0, and the resonance frequency shift increases with the increase of absolute value of deformation coefficient. When corrugation period m < 10, the phase variation with m is too small, so the corrugation period has little effect on the resonance frequency shift. Finally, acoustic scattering experiment of the regular corrugated cylinder is conducted in the tank. The resonance frequency shift is obviously observed in the experiment, which is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction. Hence, the characteristics of backscattering enhancement associated with subsonic Rayleigh wave and the resonance frequency shifts make the PMMA deformed cylinder have potential applications such as in standard scatter design and identification using “AcoustiCode”. Keywords:regular corrugation/ cylinder/ subsonic Rayleigh wave/ resonance scattering
表1计算所用材料参数 Table1.Material parameters used in the calculations.
图2(a)对比了无限长光滑圆柱(黑色实线)和微弱形变规则波纹圆柱(红色点划线)反向散射形态函数幅频特性, 研究发现边界微弱变形使得PMMA圆柱共振频率发生了偏移. 图2(b)是图2(a)蓝色虚线框中共振峰的局部放大图, 无限长光滑圆柱对应的共振峰频率f0 = 6745 Hz, 微弱形变规则波纹圆柱的共振峰频率f1 = 6845 Hz与利用(16)式计算的微弱形规则波纹圆柱共振频率f2 = 6846.2 Hz基本一致. 因此, 可以用(16)式近似估计无限长微弱形变规则波纹圆柱的共振频率. 图 2 基于微扰法无限长规则波纹圆柱形态函数幅频特性 (a)反向散射; (b)局部放大 Figure2. Form function of the infinite regular-corrugated cylinder based on the perturbation method: (a) Backscattering; (b) local enlargement.
图 7 不同波纹周期对应相位变化量 Figure7. Phase varying with corrugated period.
4.实 验24.1.实验布置 -->
4.1.实验布置
针对PMMA规则波纹圆柱开展声散射特性水池实验, 此次实验是在中国科学院声学研究所北海站消声水池完成. 3个实验模型(一个光滑圆柱, 两个规则波纹圆柱, 波纹周期m = 6, 归一化波纹微扰系数分别为ξ = –3%和ξ = –10%)均为亚克力材料, 密度ρ = 1150 kg/m3, 半径a = 0.05 m, 长度L = 0.5 m. 为了方便吊放, 模型两端各打4个孔, 实验模型垂直置于水池中绕中轴线转动. 发射换能器采用刚性连接吊放位置距离目标3.65 m, 水听器型号为B&K8103, 吊放位置距离目标2.11 m. 发射换能器、水听器和目标三者处于同一深度, 距离水面3.87 m, 实验模型及具体布放如图8和图9所示. 为排除市电干扰, 测量过程中所有设备全程处于UPS直流供电状态. 图 8 实验模型 Figure8. Experimental objects.
图 9 实验布放 Figure9. Diagram of experimental system setup.
24.2.实验数据分析 -->
4.2.实验数据分析
发射信号为线性调频信号, 频率为5—15 kHz, 脉宽0.8 ms, 发射周期为500 ms. 将水听器接收到的时域信号进行宽带信号处理[17], 截取直达波(即发射阵直接到达水听器的信号)时域信号${p_{\rm{i}}}\left( t \right)$和回波时域信号${p_{\rm{s}}}\left( t \right)$进行傅里叶变换得到其频谱${P_{\rm{i}}}\left( f \right)$和${P_{\rm{s}}}\left( f \right)$, 再将回波信号频谱除以直达波信号频谱并对距离进行修正获得3个实验模型反向散射形态函数幅频特性曲线, 如图10所示. 实验中在所研究频段明显观察到圆柱反向散射形态函数3个共振峰(黑色线), 微弱形变规则波纹圆柱反向散射共振峰明显的向高频偏移, 且ξ = –10%的变形圆柱(蓝色虚线)共振峰频率偏移量大于ξ = –3%的变形圆柱(红色点划线)共振峰偏移量, 与第3节理论分析结果一致. 图 10 光滑圆柱和规则波纹表面圆柱反向散射形态函数实验结果 Figure10. Backscattering form function of regular-corrugated cylinders in the experiment.