1.School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China 2.Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11904322), the Interdisciplinary Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant No. JCTD-2019-01), and the Science and Technology Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province, China (Grant No. 20IRTSTHN014)
Received Date:26 June 2020
Accepted Date:10 July 2020
Available Online:02 November 2020
Published Online:05 November 2020
Abstract:In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials have been widely used in solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes due to their advantages such as high light absorption coefficient, good carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. However, the high toxicity of lead and poor stability still restrict the application and promotion of such materials. The lead-free double perovskite material derived from the concept of “heterovalent substitution”, while maintaining the high symmetrical structure of perovskite, avoids using the toxic lead elements, which has the advantages of environmental friendly, stable structure, and suitable band gap. At present, the limited research on lead-free double perovskite materials still leaves a big room to researchers, and such a limited research seriously restricts the development and promotion of such materials. Therefore, the relationship between the structure and performance of lead-free double perovskite materials needs further exploring in order to provide theoretical basis for the practical application of such materials. Here in this work, the lead-free double perovskite material Cs2TeCl6 is prepared by the solution method. The crystal structure and optical properties of the lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6 under high pressure are investigated by using diamond anvil cell combined with in-situ high-pressure angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible absorption technology. The results show that the crystal structure of Cs2TeCl6 is not changed within the experimental pressure range of 0-50.0 GPa, and the structural symmetry of Fm-3m is still maintained, indicating the sample has good stability. The lattice constant and volume of Cs2TeCl6 gradually decrease within the pressure range of 0-50.0 GPa. The volume and pressure of Cs2TeCl6 are fitted using the third-order Birch-Mumaghan equation of state, the bulk elastic modulus is obtained to be B0 = (18.77 ± 2.88) GPa. The smaller bulk elastic modulus indicates that the lead-free double perovskite material Cs2TeCl6 has higher compressibility. The optical band gap of Cs2TeCl6 is 2.68(3) eV at 1 atm and its optical band gap gradually decreases with the increase of pressure, which is related to the shrinkage of octahedral [TeCl6]2– under high pressure. The calculation results show that the Cs2TeCl6 possesses an indirect band gap, the valence band maximum is mainly composed of Cl 3p orbits, and the conduction band minimum is mainly composed of Te 5p and Cl 3p orbits. After the pressure is completely relieved, Cs2TeCl6 returns to the initial state. The above conclusions further deepen the understanding of the crystal structure and optical properties of lead-free double perovskite Cs2TeCl6, and provide a theoretical basis for designing and optimizing the lead-free double perovskite materials. Keywords:lead-free double perovskite/ diamond anvil cell/ high pressure/ band gap
为了进一步理解Cs2TeCl6晶体结构在高压下的变化, 用Materials Studio软件中的Reflex模块对XRD数据进行了指标化. 结果表明, 常压下Cs2TeCl6为立方相, 空间群为Fm-3m, 晶格常数a = b = c = 10.4707 ?, 体积V = 1147.96 ?3, 其八面体[TeCl6]2–为正八面体. 考虑到XRD谱的质量影响精修的品质, 因此仅对低压力区(0— 20.0 GPa)的XRD数据进行结构精修. 图2显示了不同压力下Cs2TeCl6的精修结果, 再次证明高压下Cs2TeCl6始终保持Fm-3m的结构对称性, 没有发生结构相变. 高压下Cs2TeCl6的晶格常数、八面体中Te—Cl键长和体积的变化如图3所示. 从图3可以看出, 晶格常数、八面体中Te—Cl键长和体积随着压力的增大逐渐减小, 表明压力作用下八面体[TeCl6]2–逐渐被压缩. 图 2 不同压力下Cs2TeCl6的精修结果 Figure2. Rietveld refinements of Cs2TeCl6 at different pressures.
图 3 Cs2TeCl6的(a)晶格常数、(b) Te—Cl键长和(c)体积随压力的变化曲线 Figure3. High-pressure evolution of (a) the lattice parameters, (b) Te—Cl bond length and (c) volume of Cs2TeCl6.