Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11774026, 21961132023)
Received Date:15 January 2020
Accepted Date:28 June 2020
Available Online:27 September 2020
Published Online:05 October 2020
Abstract:Details of exciton dynamics in dye aggregates and supra-molecular complexes are substantially important for the functionality of molecular based opto-electronic devices. There are intensive theoretical studies of the multi-exciton dynamics in quantum dot structures but much less in molecular systems. Multiple excitons can be produced in molecular chains as well as two-dimensional and three-dimensional aggregates under an excitation of ultrafast strong laser pulse. According to the dipole arrangements of molecular chains, the coupled molecular chains are designed as H-H, H-J and J-H types of dipole configurations. In the scheme of density matrix theory, the dynamic processes of multiple excitons of different configurations are investigated by solving the quantum master equation through using the approximate dipole-dipole and expectation values of interest. The equations of motion for expectation values of interest governing the respective density operator are used to describe the temporal evolution of the multi-exciton states. It is found that the exciton energy band can be formed in the energy representation, and the multiple excitons are delocalized in the aggregates. The excitons represent different temporal evolutions excited by different resonant excitations. Compared with single-chain systems, double-chain systems have different degrees of blue shift or red shift due to interchain coupling. In the H-H type of aggregate, the electron population is lower if the double-molecule chain is simultaneously excited by the resonance frequency of a single molecule; the electron population increases to a certain extent if the frequency of the field is higher than the vibration frequency of a single molecule. The band width and the energy levels of the multiple excitons vary for different configurations of coupled molecular chains, and the wave packets show their own characters in these energetic levels. In the H-H type of aggregate, exciton state has priority to occupy the high-order energy level. The width of the exciton band of H-J type is significantly narrower than that of H single or H-H double chain configuration, because the Coulomb interaction of the inter-stranded dipole moment makes the whole energy low. In the J-H aggregates, the exciton states are more stable from the energy point of view, and the exciton energy band is wide because of the large Coulomb interaction. The energy of exciton state can be transferred via the interchain coupling, no matter which chain is excited. The transfer period directly correlates with the nearest interchain coupling. Keywords:coupled bimolecular chain/ approximation of dipole-dipole/ density matrix theory/ multi-exciton dynamics
在实际的自组织分子团簇结构中, 各个分子链可能处于不同的激发环境, 存在某些分子受激发, 另一些分子不受激发的情况. 在下面的模型中假设一条分子链中所有的分子受到外场激发, 另一条分子链不受激发, 但两条链之间存在库仑耦合. 还是以H-H型分子链为例, 讨论不同激发作用下的多激子动力学过程. 设第一条链中分子序号为1—10, 第二条分子链的序号为11—20, 并假设外场作用在第一条分子链的所有分子上. 图6给出了不同分子链间距的被激发的分子链和未被激发的分子链中每个分子随时间的演变情况. 由图6可以看到当分子链间距在$1.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$时, 两条分子链的电荷占据数可以达到基本一致. 这说明若链间耦合作用足够强, 激子态就会通过链间耦合传递, 与分子是否直接受到激发没有关系. 随着链间距从$2.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$增加到$3.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$, 相应的最近邻链间耦合强度从3.89 meV 下降到1.42 meV, 未激发的分子链电荷占据数随链间距的增加而减小. 当链间距增大到$3.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$时, 被激发的分子链电荷占据数明显高于未被激发的分子链. 图 6${\rm{H - H}}$型双分子链只有第一条链受到激发时, 分子激发态的电荷占据演变.$\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{mol}}} = 1.2\;{\rm{ nm}}$, $\mathop \tau \nolimits_{\rm{p}} = 20\;{\rm{ fs}}$, $\mathop E\nolimits_0 = 5 \times {10^7}\;{{\rm{V}}/ {\rm{m}}}$. 其中, 第一行的图中分子链间距$\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{chain}}} = 1.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$; 第二行的图中分子链间距$\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{chain}}} = 2.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$; 第三行中分子链间距$\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{chain}}} = 3.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$; (a) 列为被激发的分子链; (b) 列为未被激发的分子链; (c) 列为两条链各自的总占据数. 在(a) 列和(b) 列中的1—5分别对应分子链中第1—5个分子, 由于分子链关于分子中心对称, 图中只给出了5个分子的动力学演化过程 Figure6. Charge population evolution of molecular excited states with only first chain excited in two molecular chains of H-H type. The spacing of the molecular chains in the first row is $\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{chain}}} = 1.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$; The spacing of the molecular chains in the second row is $\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{chain}}} = 2.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$; The spacing of molecular chains in the third row is $\mathop \varDelta \nolimits_{{\rm{chain}}} = 3.5\;{\rm{ nm}}$; Column (a) is the chain of molecules that are excited; Column (b) is the unexcited molecular chain; Column (c) is the total number of the two chains. The 1—5 in Column (a) and (b) correspond to the 1—5 molecules in the molecular chain. Because the molecular chain is symmetric about the center of the molecular chain, the dynamic evolution process of only 5 molecules is shown in the figure.