1.School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China 3.Institute of Fiber Optics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China 4.Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
Abstract:The common feature of traditional methods of preparing orbital angular momentum (OAM) light beams propagating along the z axis is that the wave-front phase is changed and the chief ray of beam is basically unchanged. But it is difficult to obtain a high $m\hbar $ OAM. To solve the above problem, we establish a theoretical framework based on the change of the chief ray of beam instead of the change of wave-front phase. The differential geometry theory is used to verify the theoretical assumption that the light transmitted by the cylindrical spiral wave-guide can carry high $m\hbar $ OAM. To measure the OAM optical fiber output, we use the diffraction method to detect the phase of vortex, that is, we can use a microscope to observe the phase distribution of optical fiber end face. We consider the output of linearly polarized light along the tangent direction of the fiber to observe its diffraction pattern. The transmission of optical fiber around the cylinder is the main light. The diameter of optical fiber is constant, and the light wave transmitting into the optical fiber is Bessel beam. For the linear fiber output, we need to consider only the linear fiber Bessel beam. The output cross section of the wave surface in the fiber is approximately that of plane wave. When $\theta > {\theta _0}$, we use the flow coordinates $(\alpha,\beta, \gamma)$ to calculate the diffraction pattern of the cross section of the optical fiber when light travels in the optical fiber around the cylinder, which shows the characteristics of vortex. The optical field distribution carries a high-order OAM mode. When $\theta = {\theta _0}$, cylindrical orbital optical fibers transit to linear orbital optical fibers. We calculate the diffraction pattern of the cross section of the optical fibers propagating in a straight line. It is an Airy spot, namely a circular aperture diffraction spot. The optical field distribution has no higher-order OAM mode. When the order of the output beam is small, the output shows certain uniformity and symmetry, when the order of the output beam increases gradually, the output beam shows some inhomogeneity and asymmetry. Keywords:wave-guide fiber/ orbital angular momentum/ differential geometry
式中l表示光纤截面至像面的距离, x, y分别表示光纤截面至像面的坐标. $\kappa = 1.22{\text{π}}$对应像面第一个零点, 即${{2{\text{π}}\rho w}/{(\lambda l}}) = 1.22{\text{π}}$, 故第一个暗斑位于${w/l} = 0.6{\rm{1}}{\lambda/\rho }$. 当${\lambda/\rho } = {\rm{0}}{\rm{.1}}$时, 有${w/l} = 0.06{\rm{1}}$. 图3、图4为${w/l} = 0.06{\rm{1}}\sqrt {{x^2} + {y^2}} $, m = 0, 1, 2, 4, 16的衍射图. 图3为直线光纤, 光场分布是Airy斑, 即圆孔衍射斑. 图 3 直线光纤传播, 光场分布是圆孔衍射斑 Figure3. There is no higher-order OAM mode in the cross section of the optical fibers propagating in a straight line, and the optical field distribution is a circular aperture diffraction spot.