1.Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Test/Measurement Technology and Instrument, School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China 2.Hebei Sailhero Environmental Protection Hi-tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61201112, 61475133), the Key Research and Development Project of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. 19273901D), the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. F2016203188), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2018M630279), the Post-Doctoral Research Projects in Hebei Province, China (Grant No. D2018003028), the Scientific Research Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Hebei Province, China (Grant No. ZD2018243), and the China National Scholarship Fund Project (Grant No. 201808130004)
Received Date:13 July 2019
Accepted Date:16 September 2019
Available Online:26 November 2019
Published Online:05 December 2019
Abstract:Filter is the core communication device in optical integrated chip. In recent years, plasma-induced transparency in surface plasmon (SPP) subwavelength waveguide photonic deviceshas become a research hotspot in the field of nano optics. The plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is a phenomenon that the original absorption region produces a sharp transparent window due to the interaction among different resonant modes of SPPs, therefore, a higher resolution and quality factor surface plasmons can be obtained by using this feature to design a metal-medium-metal (MIM) waveguide structure filter. However, due to the Ohmic loss caused by metal parts, further research is needed on how to effectively improve transmission efficiency and achieve better frequency selection and filtering effect while reducing filter bandwidth in MIM waveguide filter. Based on the transmission and coupling characteristics of SPPs, an MIM waveguide filter with semi-closed T-waveguide side coupled disc cavity is proposed.Its transmission characteristics are studied by using the finite element method. The results show that a narrow-band transmission peak based on plasma-induced transparency appears in the transmission spectrum. Through theoretical analysis and mode field distribution, the physical mechanism of generating the PIT transparent peak and valley values on both sides is effectively explained. Compared with the traditional straight waveguide structure, the curved waveguide structure can generate the bilateral coupling effect, which can make resonant interaction stronger. Meanwhile, the numerical study shows that the approximately linear adjustment of filter wavelength can be achieved by changing the length of branches, the radius of the disk cavity and the refractive index of the medium in the cavity through external modulation. Further, the gain medium is embedded in the disk cavity, which enhances its local ability to emit light, strengthens the mode resonance effect, and realizes the compression filter pass-band bandwidth while effectively improving the structural transmittance, compared with similar filters. The research results provide an effective theoretical reference for designing the high resolution narrowband filter. Keywords:surface plasmon polaritons/ plasmonic-induced transparency/ gain medium/ filter
为深入分析上述现象的产生机理, 图3(a)—(c)分别是Structure 3左侧下降谷、透射峰和右侧下降谷波长处的电场强度分布. 从图3(a)和图3(c)可看出, 半封闭T形结构的谐振反射是导致左侧下降谷的主要原因, 右侧下降谷主要是由于波导和圆盘腔发生耦合作用, 形成稳定的驻波模式使得光波被局域在入射波导和圆盘腔中, 不能透射出去. 从图3(b)中可明显看出, 在支节与圆盘腔谐振波长处, 该结构实现的双边耦合效应使SPPs在腔与波导之间强烈反射, 圆盘腔中的能量转移到共振波导里, 类似一个能量存储器, 使得原来透射谷的位置形成狭窄的透射峰. 图 3 Structure 3电场强度E分布 (a)共振波长左侧谷; (b)共振波长处; (c)共振波长右侧谷 Figure3. Electric filed intensity (E) distribution of Structure 3: (a) At the left dip of the resonance wavelength; (b) at the resonance wavelength; (c) at the right dip of the resonance wavelength.
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3.1.结构参数对滤波特性的影响
MIM波导结构中结构参量的变化都会影响其传输特性. Structure 3中PIT峰的出现是由支节和圆盘腔中两个共振模式相互作用形成, 结合(2)和(3)式可知, PIT峰的位置将受支节长度与圆盘半径的共同影响. 为研究L3和r对滤波特性的影响, 其余结构参量保持初始值, 计算了不同L3和r时Structure 3的透射光谱, 如图4(a)所示. 图4(c)为透射峰共振波长与支节L3和半径r的关系. 可以看出, 随着支节长度L3和半径r等步长的增加, 透射光谱产生红移现象, PIT峰波长近似呈线性增长. 且由图4(d)可以看出共振波长处L3和r呈线性关系. 这是因为波导宽度恒定时, 电磁波在结构中传播时对应的有效折射率实部${\rm{Re(}}{n_{{\rm{eff}}}})$恒定不变, 结合(3)式可知支节的长度越长透射谱中低谷位置对应的波长越长; 而对于以稳定驻波形式束缚于圆盘谐振腔中的电磁波, 相位差满足$\Delta \varphi = 2{\text{π}}m$条件, 结合相位差$\Delta \varphi $与有效折射率${n_{{\rm{eff}}}}$的近似关系: $\Delta \varphi = {{(2{\text{π}}}/ \lambda }) \cdot \displaystyle\int_0^L {{n_{{\rm{eff}}}}{\rm{d}}{L_{{\rm{eff}}}}} $, 可得其共振波长为: ${\lambda _{\rm{r}}} = {{\displaystyle\int \nolimits_0^L {n_{{\rm{eff}}}}{\rm{d}}{L_{{\rm{eff}}}}}/ m}$, 其中$\Delta \varphi $是圆盘腔内入射波与反射波之间的相位差, Leff为腔内SPPs传播的有效长度[19]. 因此, 圆盘腔中SPPs的途径长度随r增大而增长, 共振波长也随之变大. 这很好地说明了PIT峰随支节长度和圆盘腔半径增大而红移的现象. 图 4 结构参数对滤波特性的影响 (a)不同L3和r时滤波器的透射谱; (b)不同g时的透射谱; (c)透射峰共振波长与L3和r的关系; (d)不同共振波长处L3和r的关系 Figure4. Influence of parameters on filter characteristics: (a) Transmission spectra of the filter for different parameters of L3 and r; (b) for different parameters of g; (c) relationship between resonance wavelength and L3 and r; (d) relation curves of L3 and r for different resonance peaks.
图 7 PIT共振波长处电场强度与稳态磁场分布 (a) 电场强度场; (b) 稳态磁场 Figure7. Electric filed intensityand steady state magnetic field distribution at resonant wavelengths of PIT: (a) Electric filed intensity; (b) steady state magnetic field.