1.Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China 2.Regional Innovation Center, Akita University, Tegata Gakuen-machi 1-1, Akita 010-8502, Japan
Abstract:In the scanning magnetic domain by using the conventional magnetic force microscopy (MFM), a laser beam reflection is used to detect the static magnetic force between probe and sample. Therefore, for the MFM, it is a challenge to directly detect the dynamic magnetic force between probe and sample under an external alternating-current (AC) magnetic field. In this study, it is proved that in an alternating magnetic force microscopy (A-MFM) a sensitive Co-GdOx superparamagnetic probe can be usedto detect the dynamic magnetic force under an external AC magnetic field (frequency ωm). In the present method, the magnetization of Co-GdOx probe is modulated by an external AC magnetic field. Collecting ωm and 2ωm signals by using the combination of phase-locked loop (PLL) and lock in amplifiers can accurately represent the static (DC, which stands for direct current) magnetic field areas (the external AC magnetic field has no effect on the magnetized status of the sample) and dynamic (AC) magnetic field areas (the external AC magnetic field changes the magnetized status of the sample) of an anisotropic Sr ferrite sintered magnet at the same time, respectively. The Sr ferrite sample is a single-domain-type magnet where magnetization mainly changes via magnetic rotation. The A-MFM method can measure the strength and identify the polarities of the static magnetic field of sample with a DC demagnetized state. By modifying the traditional tapping-lift mode into a tapping-multiply lift mode, the A-MFM by using superparamagnetic tips can measure the static and dynamic magnetic field distribution in three-dimensional (3D) space. It is proved that the static and dynamic magnetic field as a function of the distance z between probe and sample are both expressed as Hz(z) = Hz(0)·exp(–kz). The experimental data are consistent with the previous theoretical calculations. The A-MFM can be used to study the dynamic magnetization process and to evaluate the magnetic homogeneity (microstructural homogeneity) of magnetic materials. Keywords:magnetic force microscopy/ magnetic materials/ dynamic magnetic force/ superparamagnetic probe
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2.实 验图1(a)为交变力磁力显微镜的实验装置示意图. 在日立L-trace II 扫描探针显微镜基础上, 外加磁场感应线圈和搭建测试信号的线路, 如图1(a). 感应线圈可以产生一定频率的交流磁场, 可以周期地调制探针的磁矩. 周期变化的探针的磁矩在磁场中产生一个动态磁力能引起探针的有效弹劲系数周期地改变. 探针的振动频率被调制, 可以表示为 图 1 (a)静态和动态磁场测试的交变力磁力显微镜实验装置示意图; (b)探针扫描模式示意图, 首先轻敲获得一点的表面形貌, 之后探针多次抬举相同的高度测试磁力; 探针下落进行这一点样品表面的轻敲, 按照设置的步长移动到下一个点位置轻敲, 之后多次抬举测磁力, 这样循环测试; 这里, 设定抬举的次数为32, 每一次抬举的时间设置为60 ms, 每一次抬举位置的停留时间为 20 ms, 在抬举过程中探针的振动电压为轻敲时电压的20% Figure1. (a) Schematic diagram of A-MFM with super paramagnetic tips for DC and AC magnetic fields measurement of magnetic materials. (b) Schematic diagram of sequential probe control. First measuring the topography (tapping), after tapping, tip was lifted by the same height between the adjacent lift points. The probe drops to tap the topography of the sample at this point, and moves to the next point according to the set step, and then lifts the probe several times, so that the cyclic test was carried out. The lift points number can be set, and the wait time of lift points can be set. In this experiment, the lift points were set as 32, the every lift procession was set as 60 ms, and the wait time was set as 20 ms. Using 20% of the tapping oscillation voltage of the supe rparamagnetic tips as a lift oscillation voltage.