1.School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Post and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China 2.School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China 3.State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61172071 ), the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange Program in Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2015KW-013), and the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 16JK1711).
Received Date:28 January 2019
Accepted Date:22 March 2019
Available Online:01 June 2019
Published Online:05 June 2019
Abstract:Quantum communication in free space will be disturbed by natural environment such as fog and dust. However, to build a global quantum satellite wide area communication network, we must solve the problem of 24-h all-weather communication between satellite and earth. With the evolution of time, the degree of interference becomes deeper. In order to improve the performance of quantum communication under such an interference, in this paper we analyze the change of single quantum state channel over time under the background interference, and propose an quantum state-hopping communication strategy based on the kangaroo entanglement hopping model (KEHM), and simulate the performance and parameters of the strategy. Kangaroos are social animals. When they are frightened, they will jump synchronously in the same way with the same step length, height and frequency. According to this model, we make the two communicating parties realize synchronous quantum state jump according to the prearranged pattern. The simulations show that when the ratio between the average power of background quantum noise and the average power of quantum signal is 5, the quantum bit error rate decreases from 0.4524 to 0.1116 with the quantum state hopping frequency increasing from 1 to 15. When the single quantum state transmission success rate is 0.95 and the quantum bit rate is greater than 200 qubit/s, the probabilities of successful transmission of quantum bits at different state hopping frequencies are greater than 0.97. When the quantum reception efficiency of the receiver is 0.8, the quantum state pass rate increases from 0.3667 to 0.9986 with the average quantum number of the source increasing from 1 to 10. When the average quantum number of the source is 6, the passing rate of quantum state increases from 0.6262 to 0.9855 with the quantum receiving efficiency of the receiver increasing from 0.2 to 0.99. However, if the average quantum number of the transmitter is large enough and the receiving efficiency of the receiver is close to 1, the passing rate of the quantum state is also close to 1. The adaptive control strategy of quantum state hopping is based on real-time quantum channel state detection. Its core idea is to remove the quantum states which are seriously disturbed from the quantum state hopping set, and to realize the synchronous hopping of communication parties on the quantum states with low interference. Adopting the strategy of quantum state hopping adaptive control can further reduce the quantum bit error rate of the system. The error rate gain of adaptive control system increases with the increase of the success probability of processing the disturbed quantum state. When the probability of processing the disturbed quantum state is 0.95, the system error rate gain can reach 1.301. The performance of quantum state hopping system is improved obviously. To sum up, the adaptive quantum state-hopping communication strategy based on the kangaroo entanglement hopping model proposed in this paper greatly enhances the comprehensive immunity of the system and ensures the security of quantum information network, and provides an important reference for the healthy development of wide-area quantum satellite communication network in the future. Keywords:free space quantum communication/ background quantum noise/ quantum state hopping/ bit error rate
其中H为Hardmard算符. 取p = 0.95, 背景量子噪声与量子信号平均功率比值为1, 在不同量子状态跳变频率f下, 量子比特的成功传输概率与量子比特率的关系如图4所示. 图 4 量子比特成功传输概率与量子比特率的关系 Figure4. Relationship between the probability of successful quantum bit transmission and the quantum bit rate
当${P_r}=0.95$时, 量子态通过率与接收端量子接收效率及信号源平均量子数的关系如图5所示. 图 5 量子态通过率与接收端量子接收效率及信号源平均量子数的关系 Figure5. Relationship between the quantum state pass rate and the receiver's quantum reception efficiency and the average quantum number of the signal source
其中${P_{{\rm{sr}}}}$为量子态被严重干扰的概率. 取f = 100 Hz, ${K_q} = 3$, 讨论量子态数目与其被严重干扰的概率与平均自适应处理时间的关系, 如图6所示. 图 6 量子态数目、被严重干扰的概率与平均自适应处理时间的关系 Figure6. Relationship between the number of quantum states, the probability of serious interference, and the mean adaptive processing time