State Key Laboratory of Alternate Elelctrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, North China Elelctric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
Fund Project:Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFB0902400) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 2019MS003).
Received Date:22 November 2018
Accepted Date:26 February 2019
Available Online:01 May 2019
Published Online:20 May 2019
Abstract:Penetration of a plane electromagnetic wave through the apertures on a perfectly conducting flat plate is a classical electromagnetic problem. In some practical applications like electromagnetic shielding, where only the fields far from the apertures are concerned and the aperture sizes are small compared with a wavelength, the role of apertures can be represented by the equivalent electric and magnetic dipoles located in the centers of the apertures. In principle, the penetration field can be expressed as the superposition of the radiation fields of the dipoles. However, the direct superposition leads to a double series with complex form and poor convergence. On the other hand, this problem may also be solved by full wave numerical simulations. Even so, finding analytical solutions is still desirable considering that it is clear in physical significance and easy to implement. In this paper, the analytical formula of the penetration fields are derived for both TE and TM polarization mode with different angles of incidence. The derivation is carried out firstly by averagely distributing each dipole moment within each periodic unit. As a result, the dipole array is replaced with a flat sheet with uniform magnetization and polarization intensity. Then, the equivalent surface current and charge distributions are obtained directly from the polarization intensity. Finally, the penetration fields are treated as the radiation fields of the surface sources. It is shown that the amplitude of the penetration field is proportional to aperture magnetic polarization coefficient and wave frequency, and it is inversely proportional to the area of a periodic unit. In regard to the effect of the incidence angle, the amplitude of the penetration field is proportional to the cosine of the incidence angle for TE polarization. However, for the TM polarization, the relationship is a little complicated due to the coexistence of electric and magnetic dipoles: the field is not rigorously inversely proportional to the cosine of the incidence angle due to the existence of a correction term involving both the polarization coefficient and the sine of the angle. The formula is used to calculate the shielding effectiveness for several different aperture shapes and different incidence angles. The results are in good agreement with those from the full wave simulation software. Keywords:electromagnetic shielding/ aperture coupling/ Bethe’s theory/ polarizability coefficient
为了验证上述公式的准确性, 本文选定几种情况进行分析. 由(12)式可以看出, 屏蔽效能的大小与周期单元边长比(d1/d2)无关, 为了验证该结论, 在周期单元面积S = 16 cm2, 开孔为半径r = 0.25 cm圆孔阵列的情况下, 选择d1/d2 = 1,4,16进行计算, CST软件全波模拟仿真(微波工作室, 采用unitcell边界)结果如图 4所示. 随着频率的增大, 屏蔽效能减小. 对于d1/d2 = 1和d1/d2 = 4两种情况, 仿真结果几乎一致, 对于d1/d2 = 16, 仿真结果与其余两种情况相差约1 dB. 所以在d1, d2大于最小开孔尺寸的前提下, 屏蔽效能与周期边长比关系不大, 后续分析均取d1 = d2 = 4 cm. 图 4d1/d2对屏蔽效能的影响 Figure4. Dependence of the SE on frequency for different d1/d2.
在电磁屏蔽领域, 实际应用中平面板厚度为mm级. 当厚度相对小孔尺寸的比值(以圆孔为例, t/r)增大时, 小孔的波导效应(以圆孔为例, SE波导 ≈ 16t/r)随之增大, 会带来一个附加项的衰减. 图 5展示了开孔半径为1 cm, 厚度t = 0.001 mm和t = 1 mm两种情况下的公式计算结果和全波仿真结果. 根据波导效应的公式, 本文考察的算例中, 波导效应带来的衰减并不大, 两种厚度下的屏蔽效能基本一致. 后续分析中, 取t = 0.001 mm. 图 5 板厚度对屏蔽效能的影响 Figure5. Dependence of the SE on frequency for different thicknesses of the plane.
图 6展示了圆形开孔下, 屏蔽效能随频率的变化情况. 可以看出, 随着开孔半径的增大, 屏蔽效能下降. r = 0.25, 0.5 cm时, 公式计算结果和仿真结果相差均约为4 dB, r = 1 cm时, 两者相差约为2 dB, 且频率越高, 一致性越好. 图 6 圆形孔开孔大小对屏蔽效能的影响 Figure6. Dependence of the SE on frequency for circular apertures with different radius.