Multi-time scale analysis of water conservation in a discontinuous forest watershed based on SWAT model
LIN Feng1,2, CHEN Xingwei,2, YAO Wenyi3, FANG Yihui4, DENG Haijun2, WU Jiefeng5, LIN Bingqing21.Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Process and Control on the Loess Plateau, Ministry of Water Resources, Zhengzhou 450003, China 2.School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China 3.Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research, Zhengzhou 450003, China 4.Information Management and Engineer Department, Fujian Business University, Fuzhou 350012, China 5.Research Center of Water Resources and Environment, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
The Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Process and Control on the Loess Plateau, Ministry of Water Resources.2017003 National Natural Science Foundation of China.41877167
作者简介 About authors 林峰(1983-),男,福建福州人,讲师,博士,主要从事水文水资源研究E-mail:lingergeo039@163.com。
Abstract A method has been developed based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to quantitatively evaluate the water conservation function of forests and its multi-time scale characteristics in a discontinuous forest watershed. Using this method, we have divided hydrological response units (HRU) based on the spatial distribution of forests, and derived a formula to quantify the water conservation in discontinuous forest watershed based on the water balance method. Here we take the Jinjiang River Basin in southeast coastal China as an example. We constructed SWAT model under land use conditions in 2006 and analyzed the temporal variation of forest water conservation in the study river basin under precipitation conditions from 2002 to 2010. The results show that (1) the SWAT model of the study area is of high accuracy, and the hydrological response unit can accurately reflect the distribution of forest patches when the area threshold is zero. The model provides a new method for evaluation of forest water conservation function in the discontinuous forest watershed using a distributed hydrological model. (2) The annual conservation of forest water in the Jinjiang River Basin was 271.41-565.25 mm. The annual conservation function of forest water is relatively stable, and there was no runoff regulation between consecutive years. The monthly conservation ranged from -29.15 mm to 154.59 mm, which is positive for most months of the year. The forest water conservation was positive in extreme precipitation period, and negative in extremely dry period. This demonstrates the function of forest water conservation in retaining rainwater in wet periods to decrease flood in the river and supplying water in dry periods to supplement the flow at the daily scale was more effective than that at the monthly scale. Keywords:forest water conservation;water balance method;distributed hydrological model;Jinjiang River Basin
PDF (3731KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 林峰, 陈兴伟, 姚文艺, 方艺辉, 邓海军, 吴杰峰, 林炳青. 基于SWAT模型的森林分布不连续流域水源涵养量多时间尺度分析. 地理学报[J], 2020, 75(5): 1065-1078 doi:10.11821/dlxb202005013 LIN Feng. Multi-time scale analysis of water conservation in a discontinuous forest watershed based on SWAT model. Acta Geographica Sinice[J], 2020, 75(5): 1065-1078 doi:10.11821/dlxb202005013
流域分布式水文模型因其对水文循环的物理过程描述比较精确[31],能够体现降雨和下垫面空间分布的不均匀性,理论上可作为定量评价森林水源涵养功能的一个重要途径[32]。分布式水文模型(Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT)自20世纪90年代开发以来,在全球范围内得到了普遍应用[33,34,35,36,37,38]。该模型具有较强的物理机制,通过水文响应单元(Hydrological Response Unit, HRU)和子流域的划分,从年、月和日等时间尺度对截留、蒸散发、下渗、地表径流及地下径流等水文过程的时空变化进行模拟分析[39]。该模型在东南沿海的晋江流域也有很好的适应性[30, 40-41]。晋江流域地处亚热带海洋性季风气候区,气候湿润,地貌以中山、低山为主,森林发挥着重要的涵养水源作用。因此,以晋江流域为例,依据森林分布特征划分森林水文响应单元,构建反映森林不连续分布的流域SWAT水文模型;根据模型所依据的水量平衡原理,提出森林不连续分布流域的森林水源涵养量计算公式,以期为森林水源涵养能力评价提供新的方法和思路。
Tab. 1 表1 表13个站点不同时间尺度模型模拟值与实测值的比较 Tab. 1Model performance: calibrated and validated results for annual, monthly and daily runoff for Shilong, Anxi and Shanmei catchments
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