The accumulation phenomenon and stochastic model in fluvial processes
JING Huan1, ZHONG Deyu,1,2, ZHANG Hongwu1, SHI Xufang3, WANG Yanjun11.State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2.State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China 3.School of Water Resources and Electric Power, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
National Natural Science Foundation of China.91547204 National Key R&D Program of China.2016YFC0402500 National Key R&D Program of China.2017YFC0404303
作者简介 About authors 景唤(1993-),女,河南虞城人,博士生,研究方向为河流动力学E-mail:jingh16@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn。
Abstract The accumulation phenomenon commonly occurs in fluvial processes. Accurately considering the accumulation effects of previous water and sediment conditions is essential for the study of riverbed evolution. To reveal the physical dynamics of the accumulation phenomenon, herein various geometry observations upstream and downstream of dam on several domestic and overseas typical fluvial rivers were analyzed. To do this, the changes in water and sediment conditions were defined as external disturbances, based on assumptions that the probability of an external disturbance conforms to the Poisson distribution and the feedback intensity induced by an individual disturbance decays exponentially with time. In this paper, a mathematical description of the accumulation processes of internal feedback induced by external disturbances is given, and a corresponding theoretical model is proposed for simulating the spatio-temporal adjustment processes of river characteristic variables on the basis of the stochastic theory in statistical mechanics. Further, the above models were then applied to investigate the spatio-temporal adjustment processes of the upper and lower reaches of dams after their construction. Results revealed two key findings. (i) Temporally, the vertical, lateral, and whole reaches' adjustment rates over time are relatively fast in the early period following disturbances but then slow down rapidly, while the accumulated bed degradation, river width and accumulated sedimentation continuously increase until a new dynamic equilibrium state is attained; these phenomena reflect the representative accumulation characteristics of fluvial processes. (ii) Spatially, the erosion intensity downstream of dams decreases nonlinearly along the channel until it eventually diminishes. In fact, the unbalanced distribution of erosion intensity across space arises from the system feedback caused by external disturbances propagating in space yet decaying over time, which is another external manifestation of an accumulation characteristic in fluvial processes. Model applications indicate that the spatio-temporal adjustment processes of cross sections and channel reaches can be accurately described by the unified theoretical formula derived from equation deforming, since the model predictions show good agreement with observed field data: coefficient of determination (R2) between them attained values of 0.92, 0.93, 0.76, and 0.95. The proposed theoretical models take both the accumulative characteristics of fluvial processes and the spatial propagation characteristics of system feedback into account synthetically. In demonstrating this approach, this study provides the theoretical basis and new calculation method for quantitatively describing the spatio-temporal adjustment processes of non-equilibrium fluvial channels following disturbances. Keywords:accumulation phenomenon;fluvial process;accumulated erosion and sedimentation;accumulated riverbed degradation;channel width
PDF (3079KB)元数据多维度评价相关文章导出EndNote|Ris|Bibtex收藏本文 本文引用格式 景唤, 钟德钰, 张红武, 石旭芳, 王彦君. 河流过程的累积现象和随机模型. 地理学报[J], 2020, 75(5): 1079-1094 doi:10.11821/dlxb202005014 JING Huan. The accumulation phenomenon and stochastic model in fluvial processes. Acta Geographica Sinice[J], 2020, 75(5): 1079-1094 doi:10.11821/dlxb202005014
Fig. 6Comparison between measured data of river accumulation characteristic variables and calculated results in the studied cross sections and channel reaches
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