李笑莹^{1, 2,},
张学雷^{1, 2,,},
任圆圆³
1.郑州大学水利与环境学院 郑州 450001
2.郑州大学自然资源与生态环境研究所 郑州 450001
3.郑州轻工业 学院社会发展研究中心 郑州 450002
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41571208

详细信息

作者简介:李笑莹, 主要从事土地资源多样性研究。E-mail:15603903230@163.com

通讯作者:张学雷, 主要从事土壤与土地资源多样性的分析与研究。E-mail:zxlzzu@zzu.edu.cn

中图分类号:S151;S155;S341.1

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出版历程

收稿日期:2019-04-10
录用日期:2019-06-24
刊出日期:2019-11-01

Correlation analyses among terrains diversity, soil types diversity, and dynamic change in arable land

LI Xiaoying^{1, 2,},
ZHANG Xuelei^{1, 2,,},
REN Yuanyuan³
1. School of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2. Institute of Natural Resources and Eco-environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
3. Social Development Research Center of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou 450002, China
Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China41571208

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Corresponding author:ZHANG Xuelei, E-mail:zxlzzu@zzu.edu.cn

摘要
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摘要
摘要:本文以河南豫北、豫中和豫南3个典型样区为研究对象，运用地统计学方法，从多样性、相关性角度定量分析了地形、土壤的多样性特征及其与耕地变化（2001年、2007年和2017年）面积的空间分布多样性特征的关系，以期为耕地资源动态变化的驱动力分析及合理利用提供新的研究角度。研究表明：1）豫北和豫中样区的地形构成组分多样性呈现出均匀性，豫南样区表现为相对单一性；各研究区的地形空间分布多样性为平原>丘陵>山地。2）豫南的土壤构成组分最为均匀且丰富，豫中的土壤构成组分相对单一；各研究区的典型土壤各异但总体上分布皆较均匀，各样区的土壤空间分布多样性的显著差异与地形条件密切相关。3）研究尺度影响地形、土壤空间分布多样性特征的表达，3 km×3 km网格是相对适宜的研究尺度。4）地形和土壤的空间分布多样性指数与耕地变化面积空间分布都具有明显的相关性，其中地形中平原相关性较大，达0.95左右；各样区典型土壤如豫南的水稻土，豫中、豫北的褐土以及豫北的潮土的相关性更为明显，达0.9以上。综合来看，典型样区的地形、土壤因子的构成组分多样性及空间分布格局有显著差别；在不同网格尺度下，耕地的变化面积与地形、土壤因子的空间分布多样性指数密切相关。
关键词:地形多样性/
土壤多样性/
耕地面积/
空间分布/
网格尺度
Abstract:Soil diversity research has been a major focus of the soil science research community since the start of the 21st century. In recent years, some scholars have initiated research on diversity in land resources, water bodies, topographies, and parent materials, which has broadened the field of diversity studies. The exploration of the diversity in arable land is limited. This study focuses on the use of spatial data information to explore the regional diversity and differences of various geo-elements in arable land. Three typical research areas in northern, central, and southern regions of Henan Province, respectively, were selected to calculate the dynamic change (2001, 2007, and 2017) in arable land over time based on the topographic and soil conditions at the scale of 1 km×1 km, 3 km×3 km, and 5 km×5 km grids. And the correlation index was determined using the ArcGIS and SPSS softwares in combination with the correlation analysis method. The purpose of this analysis was to provide a new research perspective on the driving force of the dynamic change in arable land resources and guide their future rational use. The results showed that, first, the diversity of topographic components in the northern and central Henan regions was similar, whereas that in the southern Henan region was relatively unvarying. The terrain's spatial distribution diversity of each study area was plain > hill > mountain. Second, the soil composition in the southern Henan region was the most homogeneous and abundant, and it was relatively uniform in central Henan. The typical soil was different in each study area, but its distribution was uniform overall. Third, an important factor influencing the diversity of terrain and soil spatial distribution is at what scale it is measured, and the 3 km×3 km grid was suggested as the most suitable research scale. Fourth, the spatial distribution diversity index of the soil and terrain containing arable land changed the area spatial distribution and had obvious relevance. Among the three regions, the plains in the topography had a high correlation of approximately 0.95. In addition, the correlation between the typical soil (such as paddy soil in southern Henan, cinnamon soil in southern and northern Henan, and fluvo-aquic soil in northern Henan) and difference in the arable land within each study area was more discernable, reaching over 0.9. Overall, the compositional diversity and spatial distribution pattern of the topography and soil factors were significantly different in the representative study areas. Using a different grid scale, the difference in the arable land area is closely related to the spatial distribution diversity index of the topography and soil factors.
Key words:Terrain diversity/
Soil diversity/
Agricultural acreage/
Spatial distribution/
Mesh scale

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图1河南省典型样区分布
Figure1.Distribution of typical case areas in Henan Province


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图22001年、2007年和2017年研究区各样区土地利用监督分类
Figure2.Land use supervised classification in the case study areas of Henan Province in 2001, 2007 and 2017


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图3各研究样区地形分类图
Figure3.Topographic classification of each case study area in Henan Province


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图4不同研究样区土壤分类图
HUdA:棕壤; HAS:水稻土; SW:地表水体; HAC:潮土; StOP:石质土; SAV:砂姜黑土; LOP:粗骨土; PLC:紫色土; FUA:红黏土; YUdA:黄棕壤; YUsA:黄褐土; HUsA:褐土; SaOP:风砂土。
Figure4.Maps of soil groups in different case study areas in Henan Province
HUdA: Hapli Udic Argosol; HAS: Hapli Stagnic Anthrosol; SW: Water body; HAC: Hapli Aquic Cambosol; StOP: Stony Orthic Primosol; SAV: Shajiang Aquic Vertosol; LOP: Lithic Orthic Primosol; PLC: Purple Lithic Cambosol; FUA: Ferri Udic Argosol; YUdA: Yellow Udic Argosol; YUsA: Yellow Ustic Argosol; HUsA: Hapli Ustic Argosol; SaOP: Sandy Orthic Primosol.


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图5各研究样区异网格尺度下土壤空间分布多样性
HUdA:棕壤; HAS:水稻土; HAC:潮土; StOP:石质土; SAV:砂姜黑土; LOP:粗骨土; PLC:紫色土; FUA:红黏土; YUdA:黄棕壤; YUsA:黄褐土; HUsA:褐土; SaOP:风砂土。
Figure5.Spatial distribution of soil types at different grid scales in each case study area in Henan Province
HUdA: Hapli Udic Argosol; HAS: Hapli Stagnic Anthrosol; HAC: Hapli Aquic Cambosol; StOP: Stony Orthic Primosol; SAV: Shajiang Aquic Vertosol; LOP: Lithic Orthic Primosol; PLC: Purple Lithic Cambosol; FUA: Ferri Udic Argosol; YUdA: Yellow Udic Argosol; YUsA: Yellow Ustic Argosol; HUsA: Hapli Ustic Argosol; SaOP: Sandy Orthic Primosol.


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图6各研究样区各土壤类型面积与其异网格尺度下空间分布多样性指数的关系
棕壤; HAS:水稻土; HAC:潮土; StOP:石质土; SAV:砂姜黑土; LOP:粗骨土; PLC:紫色土; FUA:红黏土; YUdA:黄棕壤; YUsA:黄褐土; HUsA:褐土; SaOP:风砂土。
Figure6.Relationship between area of soil group and its spatial distribution diversity index at different grid scales in each case study area in Henan Province
HUdA: HUdA: Hapli Udic Argosol; HAS: Hapli Stagnic Anthrosol; HAC: Hapli Aquic Cambosol; StOP: Stony Orthic Primosol; SAV: Shajiang Aquic Vertosol; LOP: Lithic Orthic Primosol; PLC: Purple Lithic Cambosol; FUA: Ferri Udic Argosol; YUdA: Yellow Udic Argosol; YUsA: Yellow Ustic Argosol; HUsA: Hapli Ustic Argosol; SaOP: Sandy Orthic Primosol.


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图72001年、2007年和2017年不同样区耕地面积变化
Figure7.Change of the arable land area of each case study area in 2001, 2007 and 2017 in Henan Province


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表1研究区不同时段的遥感数据
Table1.Remote sensing data in different periods of the case study areas of Henan Province

研究样区 Case study area	研究区面积 Study area (km2)	研究时期(年-月-日) Period (year-month-day)
豫北North Henan Province	5 306	2001-04-24	2007-05-19	2017- 04-30
豫中Central Henan Province	5 413	2001-05-10	2007-05-19	2017- 06-04
豫南South Henan Province	5 071	2001-05-12	2007-04-19	2017- 04-30

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表2不同研究样区地形和土壤构成组分多样性
Table2.Topography and soil composition diversity of the case study area in Henan Province

研究样区 Case study area	土类数目 Number of soil group	土壤构成组分多样性 Diversity of soil composition	地形构成组分多样性 Diversity of topographic components
豫北North Henan Province	10	0.654	0.521
豫中Central Henan Province	8	0.510	0.838
豫南South Henan Province	8	0.608	0.887

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表3各研究样区不同网格尺度下地形空间分布多样性
Table3.Spatial distribution diversity of topography at different grid scales in each case study area in Henan Province

研究样区 Case study area	地形 Terrain	面积 Area (km2)	地形空间分布多样性指数 Terrain spatial distribution diversity index
			1 km×1 km	3 km×3 km	5 km×5 km	平均Mean
豫北North Henan Province	平原Plain	4 141	0.976	0.962	0.952	0.963
	丘陵Hill	697	0.800	0.758	0.733	0.764
	山地Mountain	218	0.670	0.619	0.607	0.632
豫中Central Henan Province	平原Plain	3 096	0.935	0.910	0.893	0.914
	丘陵Hill	2 044	0.895	0.867	0.850	0.871
	山地Mountain	273	0.695	0.640	0.605	0.646
豫南South Henan Province	平原Plain	2 860	0.925	0.894	0.866	0.895
	丘陵Hill	1 690	0.872	0.829	0.790	0.830
	山地Mountain	751	0.794	0.747	0.711	0.751

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表42001—2017年各研究样区耕地面积变化及其不同尺度下的空间分布多样性
Table4.Area change and its spatial distribution diversity under different grid scales of the arable land in each case study area from 2001 to 2017 in Henan Province

研究样区 Case study area	时期 Period	变化面积 Area change (km2)	增加面积 Area increased (km2)	减少面积 Area decreased (km2)	空间分布多样性指数 Spatial distribution diversity index (Yh)
					1 km×1 km	3 km×3 km	5 km×5 km	平均Mean
豫北North Henan Province	2001—2007	1 085	504	581	0.948	0.945	0.944	0.946
	2007—2017	1 061	500	561	0.942	0.941	0.940	0.941
豫中Central Henan Province	2001—2007	660	245	415	0.921	0.949	0.946	0.939
	2007—2017	1 011	402	609	0.936	0.953	0.952	0.945
豫南South Henan Province	2001—2007	696	219	477	0.897	0.910	0.899	0.902
	2007—2017	852	391	461	0.928	0.936	0.923	0.929

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表52001—2017年各研究样区耕地变化面积与地形的相关性
Table5.Correlation between the arable land area change and terrain forms in each case study area from 2001 to 2017 in Henan Province

研究样区 Case study area	地形 Terrain	相关性系数 Relative coefficient
		2001—2007	2007—2017
豫南 South Henan Province	平原Plain	0.979	0.969
	丘陵Hill	0.829	0.857
	山地Mountain	0.595	0.677
豫中 Central Henan Province	平原Plain	0.955	0.963
	丘陵Hill	0.893	0.896
	山地Mountain	0.578	0.703
豫北 North Henan Province	平原Plain	0.945	0.945
	丘陵Hill	0.892	0.904
	山地Mountain	0.768	0.766

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表62001—2017年各研究样区耕地变化面积与土壤的相关性
Table6.Correlation between arable land change area and in each case study area from 2001 to 2017 in Henan Province

研究样区 Case study area	土壤类别(土类) Soil classification (soil group)	相关性系数 Relative coefficient
		2001—2007	2007—2017
豫南 South Henan Province	水稻土Hapli Stagnic Anthrosol	0.989	0.977
	黄褐土Yellow Ustic Argosol	0.907	0.877
	石质土Stony Orthic Primosol	0.797	0.843
	黄棕壤Yellow Udic Argosol	0.808	0.815
	潮土Hapli Aquic Cambosol	0.854	0.818
	粗骨土Lithic Orthic Primosol	0.636	0.673
	紫色土Purple Lithic Cambosol	0.639	0.649
	红黏土Ferri Udic Argosol	0.581	0.571
	砂姜黑土Shajiang Aquic Vertosol	0.532	0.461
	棕壤Hapli Udic Argosol	0.000	0.178
豫中 Central Henan Province	褐土Hapli Ustic Argosol	0.965	0.971
	粗骨土Lithic Orthic Primosol	0.784	0.809
	潮土Hapli Aquic Cambosol	0.857	0.855
	砂姜黑土Shajiang Aquic Vertosol	0.797	0.760
	石质土Stony Orthic Primosol	0.665	0.642
	红黏土Ferri Udic Argosol	0.367	0.309
	棕壤Hapli Udic Argosol	0.000	0.000
	黄褐土Yellow Ustic Argosol	0.091	0.189
豫北 North Henan Province	褐土Hapli Ustic Argosol	0.939	0.943
	潮土Hapli Aquic Cambosol	0.923	0.919
	石质土Stony Orthic Primosol	0.812	0.854
	粗骨土Lithic Orthic Primosol	0.528	0.607
	砂姜黑土Shajiang Aquic Vertosol	0.594	0.574
	风砂土Sandy Orthic Primosol	0.483	0.474
	棕壤Hapli Udic Argosol	0.208	0.204
	红黏土Ferri Udic Argosol	0.000	0.000

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