张华国^1,,
汤晓玉^2,,
1.西藏自治区农牧科学院农业资源与环境研究所 拉萨 850000
2.农业农村部农村可再生能源开发利用重点实验室/农业农村部沼气科学研究所 成都 610041
基金项目: 农业农村部农村可再生能源开发利用重点实验室开放基金项目2017015

详细信息

作者简介:张华国, 主要从事循环农业理论与模式研究。E-mail:zhg2002hbhs@163.com

通讯作者:汤晓玉, 主要从事木质纤维素生物质转化、生物质资源高值化利用以及农村能源的开发与利用等方面的研究。E-mail:tangxiaoyu@caas.cn

中图分类号:S-1;F304

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出版历程

收稿日期:2018-10-21
录用日期:2019-03-05
刊出日期:2019-08-01

Circular development modes of modern agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet

ZHANG Huaguo^1,,
TANG Xiaoyu^2,,
1. Agriculture Resource and Environment Research Institute, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, Lhasa 850000, China
2. Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Chengdu 610041, China
Funds: the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Rural Renewable Energy Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas of China2017015

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Corresponding author:TANG Xiaoyu, E-mail: tangxiaoyu@caas.cn

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摘要
摘要:为充分认识与挖掘农牧业生产发展潜力与有效模式，推进农牧业生产建设与可持续高效发展提供思想借鉴，基于循环经济理论，对西藏不同生态发展区进行实地调查研究，采用具体分析与综合评价结合的方法，对西藏农牧业生产中青稞绿色清洁生产种植，农牧林之间内在与产出有机结合，农业与畜牧业废弃物综合开发利用，草畜与优势资源综合运用以及渔业与植物共存等方面进行了细致的梳理，总结出西藏农牧业循环经济发展模式，即青稞清洁生产型、农牧林种养加结合型、农牧业废弃物综合利用型、高寒草畜暖棚推进型以及鱼菜共养庭院型5种特色发展模式。分别是"减量化、再利用、再循环"的青稞清洁生产体系，以"高效生态养殖、科学种植以及农产品深加工"为一体的农牧林种养加结合体系，"资源优化组合与合理利用"的农牧业废弃物综合利用体系，以"气候特色、草畜平衡与科学养殖"为一体的高寒草畜暖棚体系，"水产养殖与园艺作物共促进"的鱼菜共养庭院体系。上述5种循环模式是西藏不同生态发展区农牧业发展的典型模式，具有各自的发展属性与特色，值得借鉴推广与应用，最后根据分析的结果提出推进西藏农牧业发展循环模式的4项举措与建议。
关键词:西藏/
青稞生产/
农牧业/
废弃综合利用/
草畜资源/
鱼菜共生/
循环发展模式
Abstract:The circular economy is a novel concept and method for the effective utilization of waste resources of agricultural and animal husbandry. Tibet has special natural attributes, such as a diversified elevation gradient, varied climate, great daily temperature range, and a large complexity and diversity of natural resources. It is of great importance to utilize natural resources to their full potential through the establishment of effective modes of agricultural and animal husbandry production, thereby allowing sustainable and efficient development in Tibet. This paper has summarized the circular economy development modes of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet, comprising the clean production of highland barley; the combination of forestry, agriculture, and animal husbandry; the comprehensive utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes; the alpine grassland greenhouses; and the co-cultivation of fish and vegetables. The clean production of highland barley was based on the principle of "reduce, reuse, and recycle". The combination system of agriculture, forestry planting, and animal husbandry was characterized by high-efficiency ecological reproduction, scientific planting, and expansion of agricultural products. The comprehensive utilization system of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes was the optimized combination and rational utilization of different resources reclaimed from the wastes of crop planting and animal breeding. The alpine grassland greenhouses were a comprehensive system of grassland protection, grass production, and greenhouse grass cultivation, which balanced grassland resources and animal breeding requirements to meet the climate of Tibet. The co-cultivation of fish and vegetables used a courtyard-based system, with greenhouse production as a core element to promote the production and cultivation and horticultural crops through the symbiogenesis of fish and vegetables. The five circular modes were typical patterns of agricultural and animal husbandry development in different ecological areas in Tibet. Each mode had its' own development attributes and characteristics that may be used for reference, popularization, and application. Finally, based on the analysis results, four measures and suggestions for promoting the circular patterns of agricultural and animal husbandry development in Tibet were proposed.
Key words:Tibet/
Barley production/
Agriculture and animal husbandry/
Waste comprehensive utilization/
Grass-animal resources/
Fish and vegetable symbiosis/
Circular development model

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图1“青稞清洁生产型”农业循环发展模式循环流程图
Figure1.Circulaion flow chart of "cleaner production of highland barley" of agricultural circulation development mode


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图2“农牧林种养加结合型”农牧业循环发展模式循环流程图
Figure2.Circulation flow chart of "combination of planting-breeding-processing of agriculture, animal husbandry and forestry" of agriculture and animal husbandry cycle development mode


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图3“废弃物综合利用型”农牧业循环发展模式循环流程图
Figure3.Circulation flow chart of "comprehensive utilization of agricultural and animal husbandry wastes" of agricultural and animal husbandry circulation development mode


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图4“高寒草畜暖棚推进型”农牧业循环发展模式循环流程图
Figure4.Circulation flow chart of "alpine grass and animal husbandry" of agricultural and animal husbandry circulation development mode


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图5“鱼菜共养庭院式”农牧业循环发展模式循环流程图
Figure5.Circulation flow chart of "fish and vegetable co-culture courtyard" agricultural and animal husbandry cycle development mode


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