李升东,
李华伟,
王宗帅,
张宾,
王法宏,,
孔令安,
山东省农业科学院作物研究所 济南 250100
基金项目: 山东省农业科学院青年基金项目2014QNM04
公益性行业（农业）科研专项201503130
山东省重点研发计划项目2017GNC11106
山东省泰山产业领军人才高效生态农业创新类项目LJNY201601
详细信息
作者简介:冯波, 主要研究方向为小麦丰产稳产节本高效栽培技术及其生理基础。E-mail:fengbo109@126.com
通讯作者:王法宏, 主要研究方向为小麦高产高效栽培技术及生理生态, E-mail：13001719601@163.com
孔令安, 主要研究方向为小麦抗逆生理, E-mail：kongling-an@163.com
中图分类号:S512.1;S311计量
文章访问数:741
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被引次数:0
出版历程
收稿日期:2018-06-22
录用日期:2018-09-30
刊出日期:2019-03-01
Effect of high temperature stress at early grain-filling stage on plant morphology and grain yield of different heat-resistant varieties of wheat
FENG Bo,LI Shengdong,
LI Huawei,
WANG Zongshuai,
ZHANG Bin,
WANG Fahong,,
KONG Ling'an,
Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
Funds: the Fund for Youth Scholars of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences2014QNM04
the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China201503130
the Key Science and Technology Projects of Shandong Province2017GNC11106
the Mountain Tai Industry Leaders Innovation Projects for High Efficient and Ecological Agriculture of Shandong ProvinceLJNY201601
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Corresponding author:WANG Fahong, E-mail: 13001719601@163.com;KONG Ling'an, E-mail: kongling-an@163.com
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摘要
摘要:研究灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热性小麦品种的影响，有助于为耐热稳产性小麦品种选育提供方法，也可为小麦丰产抗逆栽培技术提供理论参考。以‘济麦22’（JM22）、056852品系（056852）、‘新麦26’（XM26）和‘藁城8901’（GC8901）4个不同耐热性小麦品种（系）为材料，通过灌浆初期（花后12~14 d）在田间搭建塑料棚模拟高温胁迫，研究高温胁迫对小麦形态和籽粒产量的影响。高温胁迫处理3 d，处理最高温度达43.13℃，处理日均温较不搭棚的田间对照温度在胁迫3 d中分别高10.48℃、9.71℃、9.84℃。结果表明：灌浆初期高温胁迫降低了小麦的植被覆盖指数和冠层叶绿素含量，JM22和056852高温胁迫处理与对照的NDVI值和冠层叶绿素含量在胁迫后差异不显著，而XM26和GC8901分别显著下降9.66%、6.26%和12.10%、10.73%。高温胁迫后不同耐热性小麦品种（系）籽粒灌浆持续期显著缩短，与对照相比，JM22、XM26、056852和GC8901籽粒灌浆持续期分别显著缩短1.4 d、2.4 d、0.8 d和3.0 d。千粒重和籽粒产量因高温胁迫显著降低，XM26和GC8901分别比对照产量降低11.43%和10.05%，JM22和056852产量分别降低6.41%和6.93%。综上，灌浆初期高温胁迫不同程度地加速了耐热性不同小麦品种（系）冠层叶绿素的降解，缩短了籽粒灌浆天数，减少了灌浆物质的积累，降低了籽粒产量。试验材料JM22耐热性和丰产性都较好；056852品系耐热性较好，产量一般；XM26和GC8901耐热性较差，产量较低。
关键词:高温胁迫/
小麦/
耐热性/
植株形态/
产量
Abstract:As one of the major crops in China, wheat has direct relationship with living standard and national food security. Wheat suffers high temperature stress often at late growth period which negatively impacted wheat yield and quality. Under the steadily increasing global temperature, the frequency of high temperature stress in wheat has increased. There are many indicators used for heat resistance screening and evaluation of wheat, including chlorophyll fluorescence, cell membrane, canopy temperature, thermal index, etc, in previous researches. However, most researches were limited to laboratory analysis, and neglected yield investigation. Considering wheat as a group crop, the chlorophyll content of population canopy and NDVI were used for wheat heat-resistance evaluation in this study. The grain-filling characteristics and yield outputs were also investigated. The study aimed at providing reliable methods of breeding, and theoretical basis for cultivation of high-yielding and stress-resistant wheat varieties. In this study, the effect of high temperature stress for 3 days at early grain-filling stage on morphology and grain yield of different heat-resistant wheat varieties (lines), including heat-resistant varieties (lines) of JM22 and 056852, and heat-sensitive varieties (lines) of XM26 and GC8901, were investigated through erecting artificial greenhouse to increase on-field temperature. The highest temperature during the 3-day high temperature stress was 43.13℃ and the average temperatures in every day were respectively 10.48℃, 9.71℃ and 9.84℃ higher than that of the control. Different heat-resistance varieties (lines) varied in response of plant and grain morphologies to high temperature stress. NDVI and canopy chlorophyll content of four varieties (lines) decreased after high temperature stress. These changes of JM22 and 056852 were not significant, while NDVI values and chlorophyll contents of XM26, GC8901 significantly decreased by 9.66%, 12.10%, and 6.26%, 10.73%, respectively. High temperature stress accelerated the senescence process of wheat. The grain-filling duration were significantly shortened by 1.4 d, 0.8 d, 2.4 d and 3.0 d for JM22, 056852, XM26 and GC8901, respectively. High temperature stress significantly decreased 1000-kernel weight and grain yield of wheat. The yield reductions of heat-sensitive varieties (lines) of XM26 and GC8901 were 11.43% and 10.05%, those of heat-resistant varieties (lines) of JM22 and 056852 were 6.41% and 6.93%, respectively. In conclusion, high temperature stress at early grain-filling stage accelerated canopy chlorophyll degradation, shortened grain-filling duration, reduced grain yield of wheat. JM22 showed better heat resistant ability and yield performance. 056852 had better heat resistance ability but normal yield performance. XM26 and GC8901 were worse both in heat resistance and in grain yield.
Key words:High temperature stress/
Wheat/
Heat resistance/
Plant morphology/
Yield
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图12012年、2013年、2018年试验期间高温胁迫处理与对照处理的气温日变化
试验在2012年处理的第3天12:00时大棚内温度均超过45 ℃, 因此12:00—14:00揭开高温棚, 以解除超高温胁迫。因此, 2012年第3天高温胁迫处理12:00和14:00数据是揭开大棚后的温度数据。
Figure1.Daily temperature dynamics under high temperature stress and control treatments during the experiment period in 2012, 2013 and 2018
The proof of the artificial greenhouse was uncovered from 12:00 to 14:00 at the 3rd day in 2012 because of the extreme high temperature over 45 ℃ inside, so as to alleviate the damage by the super high temperature stress. Therefore, the data at time 12:00 and time 14:00 of the 3rd day in 2012 were the temperature after the greenhouse proof was removed.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图2灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热品种(系)冬小麦植株形态的影响
Figure2.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage on plant morphological characters of different heat-resistant varieties (lines) of wheat
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图3灌浆初期高温胁迫后不同耐热性小麦品种(系)冠层不同器官叶绿素含量较对照下降百分比
正体不同小写字母表示同一品种不同器官间差异达5%显著水平。斜体不同大、小写字母分别表示不同品种间差异达1%或5%显著水平。
Figure3.Decrease percentages of canopy chlorophyll contents of different organs of different heat-resistant varieties (lines) of wheat compared to the control after high temperature stress
Different normal lowercase letters mean significant differences among different organs for the same cultivar at 0.05 level. Different italic uppercase or lowercase letters mean significant differences among different varieties at 0.01 or 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图4灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热小麦品种(系)不同时间植被覆盖指数(NDVI)的影响
05-18、05-21、05-29和06-02分别为高温胁迫后4 d、7 d、15 d和19 d。正体不同大、小写字母表示同一品种不同处理间差异达1%极显著或5%显著水平。斜体不同大小写字母分别表示不同品种间差异达1%或5%显著水平。
Figure4.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage on NDVI values of different heat-resistant varieties (lines) of wheat at different time after filling
05-18, 05-21, 05-29 and 06-02 are 4, 7, 15 and 19 days after high temperature stress. Different normal upper and lowercase letters above each bar mean significant differences between treatments for the same cultivar at 0.01 level and 0.05 level. Different italic uppercase and lowercase letters mean differences among different varieties at 0.01 or 0.05 level.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图5灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热小麦品种(系)籽粒形态的影响
Figure5.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage (Str) on grain morphology of different heat-resistant varieties (lines) of wheat
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片
图6灌浆初期高温胁迫(Str)对不同耐热性小麦品种(系)粒重增长动态的影响
箭头之间为高温胁迫处理时间:花后12-14 d。
Figure6.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage (Str) on dynamic change of 1000-grain weight of different heat-resistant varieties of wheat
Space between two narrows is the high temperature stress treatment time, from 12 to 14 days after anthesis.
下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片表1灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热小麦品种(系)籽粒硬度及直径的影响
Table1.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage on grain hardness and diameter of different heat-resistant varieties (lines) of wheat
| 品种（系） Variety (line) | 处理 Treatment | 硬度 Hardness | 相对于对照的变化 Change compared to CK (%) | 直径Diameter (mm) | 相对于对照的变化 Change compared to CK (%) |
| JM 22 | 对照CK | 74.5Bb | 6.04c | 2.995Cc | -6.34a |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 79.0BbCc | 2.805Ccd | |||
| XM 26 | 对照CK | 82.0Aa | 8.54b | 2.962DCc | -5.81b |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 89.0AaBb | 2.790Cc | |||
| 056852 | 对照CK | 55.0Cd | 15.09a | 3.250Aab | -5.23c |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 63.3CDd | 3.080Aa | |||
| GC 8901 | 对照CK | 67.0Bc | 6.72c | 3.150BCb | -5.24c |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 71.5BcC | 2.985Bb | |||
| 不同大小写字母分别表示高温胁迫与对照间差异在P < 0.01水平和P < 0.05水平显著。Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant differences between CK and high temperature stress treatments at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV表2灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同品种(系)小麦籽粒增重模型及灌浆参数的影响
Table2.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage on grain filling process model and characteristic parameters of wheat grain filling of different heat-resistant varieties (lines) of wheat
| 品种 Cultivar (line) | 处理 Treatment | 灌浆持续期 Duration of grain filling (d) | 最大灌浆速率出现时间 Time to max filling rate (d) | 最大灌浆速率 Max filling rate (mg·grain-1·d-1) |
| JM22 | 对照CK | 27.2ABba | 19.5ABb | 1.9Aa |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 25.8ABb | 17.8Bb | 1.7Aa | |
| XM26 | 对照CK | 25.6Bbca | 17.9ACc | 1.7Aa |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 23.2Bbc | 16.2BCc | 1.1Aa | |
| 056852 | 对照CK | 29.5Aa | 21.1Aa | 1.8Aa |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 28.7Aab | 19.0ABa | 1.7Aa | |
| GC8901 | 对照CK | 25.1aBc | 18.0ACc | 1.7Aa |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 22.1Bcb | 16.2BCc | 1.3Aa | |
| 不同大、小写字母分别表示高温胁迫与对照间差异在P < 0.01水平和P < 0.05水平显著。Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant differences between CK and high temperature stress treatments at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05 levels, respectively. | ||||
下载: 导出CSV表3灌浆初期高温胁迫对不同耐热品种(系)千粒重和产量的影响
Table3.Effect of high temperature stress at early filling stage on thousand-kernel weight and grain yield in different heat-resistant wheat varieties (lines)
| 品种(系) Variety (line) | 处理 Treatment | 千粒重 1000-kernel weight (g) | 相对于对照的变化 Change compared to CK (%) | 籽粒产量 Grain yield (kg·hm-2) | 相对于对照的变化 Change compared to CK (%) |
| JM 22 | 对照CK | 45.48±0.63ABab | -4.39Cc | 4 835±37.7Aa | -6.41Bd |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 43.48±0.26ABabc | 4 525±40.4AaB | |||
| XM 26 | 对照CK | 39.34±0.59ABCbc | -5.90Bb | 4 330±28.5ABCc | -11.43Aa |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 37.02±0.38ABbc | 3 835±33.2BCc | |||
| 056852 | 对照CK | 50.27±0.67Aa | -5.93Bb | 4 513±47.3ABb | -6.93Bc |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 47.29±0.18Aab | 4 200±38.5Bb | |||
| GC 8901 | 对照CK | 35.63±0.44BCc | -7.64Aa | 4 045±19.1ABCd | -10.05Ab |
| 高温胁迫High temperature stress | 32.91±0.40Bc | 3 638±30.7BCd | |||
| 不同大小写字母分别表示高温胁迫与对照间差异在P < 0.01水平和P < 0.05水平显著。Different lowercase and capital letters indicate significant differences between CK and high temperature stress treatments at P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 levels, respectively. | |||||
下载: 导出CSV参考文献
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