王彦平^1,,,
阴秀霞¹,
张昉²,
张煦明¹,
乌长顺³
1.内蒙古呼伦贝尔市气象局 海拉尔 021008
2.内蒙古呼伦贝尔扎兰屯市气象局 扎兰屯 162650
3.内蒙古呼伦贝尔市新巴尔虎右旗气象局 阿拉坦额莫勒 021300
基金项目: 中国气象局气候变化专项CCSF201606
中国气象局核心业务发展专项CMAHX20160205
中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所干旱气象科学研究基金IAM201706

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作者简介:王彦平, 主要研究方向为农牧业气象服务与研究。E-mail:fei_ping@sohu.com

中图分类号:P49

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收稿日期:2017-12-04
录用日期:2018-03-19
刊出日期:2018-07-01

Climate suitability grading and planting zoning of soybean in Northeast Inner Mongolia

WANG Yanping^1,,,
YIN Xiuxia¹,
ZHANG Fang²,
ZHANG Xuming¹,
WU Changshun³
1. Hulun Buir Meteorological Office, Hailar 021008, China
2. Zhalantun Buir Meteorological Office, Zhalantun 162650, China
3. Xinba'erhuyouqi Buir Meteorological Office, Alatan'emole 021300, China
Funds: the Special Climate Change Project of the China Meteorological AdministrationCCSF201606
China Meteorological Administration's Core Business Development ProjectCMAHX20160205
China Meteorological Administration Lanzhou Institute of Drought Meteorological Science Research FoundationIAM201706

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Corresponding author:WANG Yanping, E-mail: fei_ping@sohu.com

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摘要
摘要:为高效利用内蒙古东北部地区水热资源，发展冷凉地区大豆种植业，利用呼伦贝尔市、兴安盟及周边黑龙江地区近30年的气象观测资料和大豆发育期资料，采用气候适宜度分析方法，计算了该区域近30年逐年大豆气候适宜度，建立了气候适宜度评价指标，进行了基于GIS的呼伦贝尔市大豆适宜种植区划。研究结果表明，温度适宜度和水热综合适宜度≥0.6为适宜，0.4~0.6为较适宜，≤0.4为不适宜；降水适宜度≥0.7为适宜，0.6~0.7为较适宜，≤0.6为不适宜。大豆适宜种植区域为大兴安岭农区东南端；较适宜种植区域为大兴安岭东麓，适宜种植区的外沿；不适宜种植区位于呼伦贝尔市北部林区及西部牧区。在林区南部的农林交错带中，该区1 900~2 100℃积温区域为玉米不适宜种植地区，但可以大力发展大豆种植业，在调整种植业结构时可考虑在这一区域增加大豆种植面积。
关键词:内蒙古东北部/
气候适宜度/
评价指标/
大豆种植/
区划方法
Abstract:In northeast of Inner Mongolia, soybean production is faced with two problems. The first is that soybean planting area is zoned with ≥ 10℃ accumulative temperature without non clear division between soybean and maize region. The second is the use efficiencies of heat and water in the area are low in the area. In order to efficiently make use of water and heat resources in soybean cultivation and promote soybean production in cool area, we used meteorological observation data and soybean crop growing phrases data in years from 1987 to 2016 in Hulun Buir, Xing'an League in Northeast Inner Mongolia, and surrounding areas in Heilongjiang Province to analyze the climate suitability of soybean in Hulun Buir. In the study, temperature suitability, precipitation suitability of soybean were calculated, respectively, with the "three basis points" of temperature and water demand in each growth phase of soybean, while the climate suitability was calculated with the comprehensive hydrothermal suitability model. Furthermore, planting zoning of soybean cultivation in Hulun Buir was conducted according the comprehensive hydrothermal suitability level in GIS environment. The results showed that for the temperature suitability and comprehensive hydrothermal suitability, ≥ 0.6, 0.4-0.6 and ≤ 0.4 were classified as most suitable, more suitable and unsuitable. For precipitation suitability, ≥ 0.7 was most suitable, 0.6-0.7 more suitable and ≤ 0.6 unsuitable. The most suitable areas for planting soybean were in the southeast of Daxing'anling farming region, more suitable areas at the edge of the planting region in eastern Daxing'anling, then unsuitable areas were in the north woodland and western pastoral of Hulun Buir. Agroforestry ecotone in the south of forest region where accumulated temperature exceeded 10℃ was 1 900-2 100℃, which was not suitable for cultivating corn, but could be developed vigorously for cultivating soybean. This area was considered for increased soybean acreage during structural crop adjustment. The results provided reference for soybean production in the cool area in Northeast China.
Key words:Northeastern Inner Mongolia/
Climate suitability/
Evaluation index/
Soybean cultivation/
Regionalization method

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图1呼伦贝尔市大豆种植温度适宜度(a)和降水适宜度(b)区划
Figure1.The zoning of temperature (a) and precipitation (b) suitabilities of soybean planting in Hulun Buir


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图2呼伦贝尔市大豆种植水热综合适宜度区划
Figure2.The regionalization of comprehensive hydrothermal suitability for soybean cultivation in Hulun Buir


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图3呼伦贝尔市大豆气候适宜度区划(a)与≥10 ℃积温区划(b)对比图
Figure3.The comparison of regionalization between climate suitability of soil (a) and ≥10 ℃ accumulated temperature (b) in Hulun Buir


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图4呼伦贝尔市大豆气候适宜度区划(a)与分级判别区划(b)对比图
Figure4.The comparison of regionalization between climate suitability (a) and climate factors grading discrimination (b) of soybean in Hulun Buir


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表1大豆各生育阶段三基点温度指标
Table1.The temperature indexes of three basis points at each growth phase of soybean

℃
发育期 Growth phase	最低气温 Minimum air temperature	最适气温 Optimum temperature	最高气温 Maximum air temperature
播种-出苗 Sowing-seedling	7	15	25
出苗-分枝 Seedling-branching	12	22	30
分枝-开花 Branching-flowering	17	27	32
开花-鼓粒 Flowering-seed filling	13	25	30
鼓粒-成熟 Seed filling-maturity	10	15	25

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表2大豆各生育期理论需水量
Table2.The theoretical water demand at each growth phase of soybean

mm
发育期 Growth phase	理论需水量 Theoretical water demand
播种-出苗Sowing-seedling	26.9
出苗-分枝Seedling-branching	95.7
分枝-开花Branching-flowering	18.9
开花-鼓粒Flowering-seed filling	222.3
鼓粒-成熟Seed filling-maturity	186.2

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表3呼伦贝尔地区大豆各生育期气候适宜度权重系数
Table3.The weight coefficients of climate suitability for each growth phase of soybean in Hulun Buir region

发育期Growth phase (j)	bj	bjt	bjr
播种-出苗 Sowing-seedling	0.082 5	0.038 5	0.038 5
出苗-分枝 Seedling-branching	0.142 7	0.058 8	0.071 4
分枝-开花 Branching-flowering	0.218 2	0.026 4	0.166 7
开花-鼓粒 Flowering-seed filling	0.501 8	0.115 2	0.309 3
鼓粒-成熟 Seed filling-maturity	0.054 9	0.034 7	0.014 3
bj为该发育期在整个生育期的权重系数; bjt为该发育期温度的权重系数; bjr为该发育期降水的权重系数。bj: weight coefficient of the growth phase j relative to the whole growth period; bjt: weight coefficient of temperature of the growth phase j; bjr: weight coefficient of precipitation in of the growth phase j.

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表4呼伦贝尔市各地大豆气候适宜度平均值及适宜度分析(1987-2016)
Table4.The analysis of average climate suitability of soybean of each meteorological station in Hulun Buir (1987-2016)

站名 Station	温度适宜度 Temperature suitability	降水适宜度 Precipitation suitability	水热综合适宜度 Comprehensive hydrothermal suitability	适宜度分析 Suitability analysis
扎兰屯市 Zhalantun City	0.791 0	0.664 5	0718 4	水热综合适宜度为0.574 9~0.866 1; 1995年和2016年低于0.6由于干旱造成降水适宜度偏小。 The comprehensive hydrothermal suitability was 0.574 9-0.866 1. In 1995 and 2016 it was below 0.6 due to low precipitation suitability caused by drought.
阿荣旗 Arongqi	0.795 1	0.668 4	0.700 3	水热综合适宜度为0.559 1~0.871 5; 1989年、1996年、2006年和2016年低于0.6, 由于干旱造成降水适宜度偏小; 1992年鼓粒成熟期热量不足造成温度适宜度偏小。 The comprehensive hydrothermal suitability was 0.559 1-0.871 5. In 1989, 1996, 2006 and 2016, it was below 0.6 due to low precipitation suitability caused by drought. In 1992, temperature suitability was low due to insufficient heat at seed filling and mature stages.
莫力达瓦旗 Molidawaqi	0.771 3	0.649 5	0.690 0	水热综合适宜度为0.556 0~0.878 8, 低于0.6的年份为1989年、1992年、1995年和2016年, 由于干旱造成降水适宜度偏小; 1992年由于鼓粒成熟期热量不足造成温度适宜度偏小。 The comprehensive hydrothermal suitability was 0.556 0-0.878 8. In 1989, 1992, 1995 and 2016, it was below 0.6 due to low precipitation suitability caused by drought. In 1992, temperature suitability was low due to insufficient heat at seed filling and mature stages.
海拉尔区 Hailar Region	0.406 7	0.557 5	0.355 3	30年中由于气温和降水不满足大豆生长发育的年份为14年, 占47.6%。 In the past 30 years, there were 14 years when temperature and precipitation were not meet the demands of soybean growth.
满洲里市 Manzhouli City	0.376 9	0.461 4	0.320 5	30年中由于气温和降水不满足大豆生长发育的年份为14年, 占47.6%。 In the past 30 years, there were 14 years when temperature and precipitation were not meet the demands of soybean growth.
鄂温克旗 Ewenkeqi	0.385 2	0.508 2	0.341 9	30年中由于气温和降水不满足大豆生长发育的年份为14年, 占47.6%。 In the past 30 years, there were 14 years when temperature and precipitation were not meet the demands of soybean growth.
陈巴尔虎旗 Chenba’erhuqi	0.487 6	0.514 0	0.410 7	30年中由于气温和降水不满足大豆生长发育的年份为14年, 占47.6%。 In the past 30 years, there were 14 years when temperature and precipitation were not meet the demands of soybean growth.
新巴尔虎左旗 Xinba’erhuzuoqi	0.562 3	0.399 2	0.395 5	30年中由于气温和降水不满足大豆生长发育的年份为10年, 占33.3%。 In the past 30 years, there were 10 years when temperature and precipitation were not meet the demands of soybean growth.
新巴尔虎右旗 Xinba’erhuyouqi	0.630 3	0.327 2	0.379 4	30年中由于气温和降水不满足大豆生长发育的年份为10年, 占33.3%。 In the past 30 years, there were 10 years when temperature and precipitation were not meet the demands of soybean growth.
根河市 Genhe City	0.139 3	0.656 6	0.158 4	30年中有20年不满足大豆生长发育, 占66.7%, 均为温度适宜度不足。 In the past 30 years, 20 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability.
额尔古纳市 E’erguna City	0.357 4	0.572 0	0.301 9	30年中有15年不满足大豆生长发育, 占50.0%, 均为温度适宜度不足。 In the past 30 years, 15 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability.
鄂伦春旗 Elunchunqi	0.413 4	0.721 7	0.455 5	30年中有9年不满足大豆生长发育, 占30.0%, 均为温度适宜度不足。 In the past 30 years, 9 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability.
牙克石市 Yakeshi City	0.294 4	0.537 5	0.248 2	30年中有17年不满足大豆生长发育, 占56.7%, 均为温度适宜度不足。 In the past 30 years, 15 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability.
博克图镇 Boketu Town	0.202 5	0.653 1	0.178 8	30年中有20年不满足大豆生长发育, 占66.7%, 均为温度适宜度不足。 In the past 30 years, 20 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability.
图里河镇 Tulihe Town	0.076 5	0.651 9	0.096 5	30年中有23年不满足大豆生长发育, 占76.7%, 均为温度适宜度不足。 In the past 30 years, 23 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability.
小二沟镇 Xiao’ergou Town	0.513 8	0.672 6	0.498 6	30年中有8年不满足大豆生长发育条件, 约占26.7%, 均为温度适宜度不足; 但综合适宜度大于0.6的年份有18年, 约占60.0%。 In the past 30 years, 8 years were not suitable for soybean growth due to low temperature suitability. But in 18 years the comprehensive hydrothermal suitability was over 0.6.

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表5呼伦贝尔市大豆气候适宜度与地理信息的三元线性模型
Table5.The ternary linear prediction models of climate suitability of soybean and geographic information in Hulun Buir

气候适宜度 Climate suitability	方程Equation	R
温度适宜度 Temperature suitability	Y=8.708 7-0.039 6E-0.058 5N-0.001 1H	0.990 5
降水适宜度 Precipitation suitability	Y=-5.808 6+0.048 3E+0.009 8N+0.000 1H	0.945 5
水热综合适宜度Comprehensive hydrothermal suitability	Y=4.363 7-0.011 2E-0.043 8N-0.000 9H	0.989 9
方程中E为经度, N为纬度, H为海拔高度。E is longitude, N is latitudes, and H is altitude in the equations.

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